US2493529A - Wrench frame mounting a pivoted inner jaw fulcruming on a nut rotatable on threaded shank of a sliding outer jaw - Google Patents

Description

R. P. DAvls 2,493,529 WRENCH FRAME MOUNTING A PIVOTED INNER JAW FULCRUMING- ON A NUT ROTATABLE ON THREADED sHANK oF A summe OUTER JAw 3 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 3, 1950 Filed Deo.

Jan. 3, 1950 R. P..DAvls 2,493,529

WRENCH FRAME MOUNTING A PIVOTED INNER JAW FULCRUMING ON A NUT ROTATABLE ON THREADED SHANK OF A SLIDING OUTER JAW Filed Dec. 22.1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 3, 1950 R. P. DAvls WRENCHFRAME MOUNTING A PIVOTED INNER JAW FULCRUMING ON A NUT ROTATABLE ON THREADED SHANK OF A SLIDING OUTER -TAW 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 22, 1947 4 Mew Patented Jan. 3, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WRENCH FRAME MOUNTING A PIVOTED INNER JAW FULCRUMING ON A NUT RO- TATABLE ON 17 Claims.

The present invention relates to wrenches, and more particularly to wrenches characterized by (1) an outer jaw Xed on one end of a shank, (2) a frame between which and the shank there is relative movement only longitudinally, (3) an adjusting nut for effecting this relative longitudinal movement, and (4) an inner jaw member received by the frame and rockable both toward and away from the shank from a given intermediate or neutral position.

Such wrenches are classied as being of the pivoted inner jaw type and they are designed for the double purpose of obtaining a firm grip on cylindrical objects such as pipes and rods for turning them and of providing, by reason of their rockable inner jaw structure, that any surface irregularities, as on pipe, and also any burrs which are frequently formed on the cylindrical surface of an object by the bite of the jaws when the wrench is swung to turn the object, will not interfere with the ready slipping or riding of the jaws over the surface of the object when the wrench is swung in a reverse direction preparatory for a successive turning storke.

In some prior art structures the inner jaw member is pivoted on a pin, an arrangement which inherently affords a relatively weak support for the jaw member when under the stress of an obj ect-turning stroke and which in addition provides an axis for jaw rocking which is very appreciably spaced from the shank, with the result that all portions of the inner jaw member located on or rocking to the shank side' of this axis necessarily can not grip the object or lose their grip on it. In other prior art structures the inner jaw member and the frame have coacting, arcuately shaped, interfitting portions which, although affording a stronger support for the jaw member than does a pin, require rather precise machining for proper operation and hence increased manufacturing costs. Such constructions may also be rather complicated by reason of having a relatively large number of parts, and in addition the same lack of functioning of part of the inner jaw member may be present as in the pin pivot type by reason of the jaw member rocking axis being very appreciably spaced from the shank. In other prior art structures this rocking axis may be spaced so far from the shank that a relatively large number of the teeth of the inner jaw member are normally located on the shank side of the axis and hence are functionless for turning an object.

In view of the foregoing it is the principal object of the present invention to provide a pivoted THREADED SHANK OF A inner jaw wrench such as characterized three paragraphs above which simultaneously (1) affords a strong support for the pivoted inner jaw member when under the stress of an objectturning stroke, (2) does this with but few separate parts for the wrench as a whole, and (3) has the axis for the rocking or swinging of the inner jaw member located so closely adjacent the shank that there is no locus of any practical importance whatever on the shank side of the axis where any part of the inner jaw member is or may be functionless. In the present invention the three foregoing desirable results are chieved by providing that the fulcrum-support for the inner jaw member is the adjusting nut itself.

To the accomplishment of the above three-part object and of others which will appear hereinafter, the various features of the present invention reside in certain constructions, combinations, and arrangements of parts all fully described in the following specication and then set forth in the appended claims the subject matters of which possess advantages which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

The various features of the present invention will be readily understood from reading this specification in connection with the accompanying drawings which illustrate the best physical embodiments of the claimed invention at present known to the inventor and in which:

Fig. 1 is a view in right side elevation of one embodiment of the present invention, the pivoted inner jaw member being shown in neutral position;

Fig. 2 is a view of the Fig. 1 embodiment in front elevation, most of the handle being cut away Fig. 3 is a detail view in right side elevation, partially in section, taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a detail View in right side elevation corresponding to Fig. 1 but showing the inner jaw member at its limit of rocking in the direction of the shank; Fig. 5 is a detail view in right side elevation corresponding to Fig. 1 but showing the inner jaw member at its limit of rocking in the direction away from the shank;

Fig. 6 is a detail view in right side elevation, partially in section, corresponding to Fig. 3 but with the inner jawY member, the shank, the springs, and the adjusting nut removed;

Fig. 7 is a view in right side elevation of the inner jaw member;

Fig. is a view of the Fig. 9 embodiment in front elevation, the handle and a portion of' the shank being cut away; and

Fig. 11 is a detail view in right side elevation', partially in section, taken along the line I-l-H of Fig. 10.

With reference to the drawingsgthefembedl# i ment of the present invention shown in Figs. 1-8

employs a shank lrhaving threads I6 along a substantial portion of its length and .also havingY at one end an outer jaw Il which maybe of integral construction and is provided with the usual.

teeth I8. The shank l5 is substantially fiat sided, as indicated by comparison of Figs. 1 and 2, and if desired' the Vopposite sides ofthe shank may have recessed panels to minimize weight. For illustrative purposes only the shank I5 is shown as having the threadsV It along its rear as well as along its front, but in a given embodiment a shank' construction may have only frontsliank threads within the scope of the claimed invention.

' Receiving the shank l5 Vfor relative movement only longitudinally with respect thereto is `a frame I9 the further function of which is to receivej a s-econd or inner jaw member for coaction rockably with the xed jaw I1. The frame I9 is provided with a preferably integralrhandle 20, which may be iuted along its sides to minimize weight, and the frame lwincludes a pair of complementary side members 2l and 22 which are spaced apart, with theirY inner flat faces parallel, by means of bridges as is explained below. The side members 2| and 22 are provided with recesses 23 and 24, respectively, which are in registry transversely of the frame I9 and function to provide the major portion of a transverse passage 25 for reception of ashank adjusting member 26 which conveniently may be a nut having flaty parallel top and bottom surfaces and knurlijnglalong substantially ,the middle third of its cylindrical side surface. As indicated, the reeesses` 23'- and 24 are each open at their rear ends,

Y have parallel top'and bottom iiat surfaces', and

also have flat front closed ends which Vterminate rearwardly ofthe front of the side members 2l and 22j Y The bridges referred to above for holding the trame members 2l and 22 spaced apart in parallelism include a rear bridge 21, as best seen in Figs. 3 and 6, an intermediate bridge V28,aI-1-d a front'V bridgeV 29.- Each is preferably joined integrally to the'frame sidemembersV 2l and 22, and the lower end of the front bridge 29 merges with the preferably integral handle 20.

The rear bridge 2l, inV additionto connecting the lframe side membersY 2| and 22 to streng-then the frame I9, also forms a closed rear end for the transverse'passage 25 for receiving thev nut 26,V and to this end the portion 30 of the IrearY Y bridge 21 which is adjacent'the nut when the latter is located in the passage 25 and is threaded onfthe shank I5 is shaped to provide a rear wal'l parallel with theV front or closed ends of vthere*- cesses23 and 24, so that the transverse passage 25 Vis substantially rectangular, viewing Figs., 3 andY 6, with'Y enough clearanceA being allowedi'for nut reception Vand turning. The rear bridge 27 terminates forwardly in an upper flat face 3l and in a lower flat face 32 coplanar therewith.

The intermediate bridge 28 is relatively small, is located at substantially the top central portions of the frame side members 2| and 22, has a planar rear face 33 spaced from but parallel with the coplanar faces 3f and 32 of the rear bridge 21, and has an upwardly' and rearwardly s lanting front face 34 and joining it at an obtuse angle an upwardly and forwardly slanting, preferably planar front face 35.

The front bridgev 29 is coterminous forwardly with the front of the frame side members 2l and 22 and' is rearwardly provided with an upper face 36 which is preferably planar in divergence with respect to the lower front face 35 of the intermediate bridge 28. Beneath the face 36 the front bridge 25Jv is provided with a downwardly and rearwardly curved surface 3l so that the weight of the frame I9 is minimized, and below the rear endV of the surface 31 the bridge 29 is provided -wiftha face 38 which is coplanar with the rear face 33Vv of the intermediate bridge 28. Complet-l ing the frame I9 the side members 2| andV 22 are provided with integral at bosses 39 and 40, respectively, which are located between 'the face 36 and the curved surface 3'! of the front bridge 29, are in registry in spaced relation transversely of the frame I9, and in contour terminate Chl.

rearwardly in preferably rounded ends.

In view of the foregoing it will be seen that the upper and lower coplanar faces 3l and 32 of the rear bridge 21, the coplanar rear faces 33 and A 38 of the intermediate bridge 28 and 0f the front be seen'by comparison of Figs. 1 and 2, for example, and is' only sufciently larger than the shank Y I5' in transverse length and breadth as to permit relative movement between the frame I9 and the shank I5 longitudinally of eachother. Stating this' last differently, it is not intended that the shank I5 be swingable with respect to the frame I9, and any loose play there may be present is only sufcient to permit a clearance for this longitudinal movement, the shank I5 and the frame I9 remaining substantially parallel at all times.

With particular reference to Fig. 6 again, it

Y will also be seen that the lower front planar face 35 Vof the intermediate bridge 23, vthe upper rear planar face 36 of the front bridge 29, and the adjacent portions of the inner surfaces of the frame side members 2t andv 22 together form a second throat or frame passage d2 which isY angularly disposed to and is located forwardly of the frame longitudinal passage 4I' and which has parallel sides and upwardly diverging front and rear' ends. VThe side member bosses 39 and 4t may be considered as located in this angularly disposed passage 4I, and its lower terminus may be considered as being the space adjacent the Y upper corner portions of the v'closed iront ends of the frame member Yrecesses 23 and 2li or may beconsidered theiadjacent top and side portions of thenut 2liY when itisv located in the Vtransverse framepassage V25. In View ofthe fact that the intermediatebridge 28. is 'spaced' vertically from the lower end of the lfront bridge 29 in the illus-V This longitudinal frame passage kfor example, it will be seen trated embodimentsof the'present invention, Vthe rear terminus of the frame angular passage 42 may be considered as being its locus of mergence with the frame longitudinal passage 4| or this rear terminus may be considered as being the shank I5 itself when it is located in the passage 4I.

It is the function of the frame angular passage 42 to receive an inner jaw member 43 in such position that the jaw member is rockable on the nut 26 as a fulcrum from a given normal or neutral position with respect to the frame I9 and the shank I5 to positions located both nearer to and farther from the shank I5 than is this neutral position. To this end, and with reference to Figs. 7 and 8 in particular, the inner jaw member 43 is provided with a body 44 having parallel sides and front and rear planar faces 45 and 46, respectively, which taper downwardly in converging relation. The body portion 44 is surmounted by a preferably integral head 41 having jaw teeth 48 and a rear face 49. which may be angularly disposed to the body rear face 46 at substantially the same obtuse angle as that at which the front faces 34 and 35 of the intermediate bridge 28 are disposed to each other. Laterally the body portion 44 is provided with recesses 50 and 5I larger than but in contour roughly complementary to the frame member bosses 39 and 40, respectively, and adapted to receive these bosses with sufficient clearance when the inner jaw member 43 is in position in the frame angular passage 42 as is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3. The width of the body portion 44 is slightly less than the space between the inner faces of the frame side members 2I and 22, and the transverse depth of the body portion recesses 50 and 5I is slightly greater than the transverse thickness of the bosses 39 and 40, with the result that there is no interference but instead ample clearance for swinging movement of the inner jaw member 43 in the'frame passage 42, as is explained below.

Further structure of the inner jaw member 43 comprises a notch 52 (Fig. '1) at the lower end portion of the body 44, this notch 52 consisting of a horizontal planar face 53 and a vertical planar face 54 preferably at 90 thereto. The

.notch face 53 and the rear face 46 of the body 44 are preferably joined by a curved surface 55 of very small radius rather than by a dihedral angle edge, although such an angle edge may be employed, and with reference to Figs. 1 and 3, that the front to rear length of the notch face 53 is such that when it rests ilatwise on the top surface of the nut 26 as a support with the notch surface 54 engaging the smooth or unknurled upper portion of the cylindrical side of the nut 26, the curved surface 55 lies closely adjacent the crest of the forward shank threads I6.

The location of the notch 52 with respect to the inner jaw member as a whole is such that when the notchV faces 53 and 54 engage the top and side, respectively, of the nut 26 as stated above, the inner jaw member 43 as a whole is located substantially centrally of the frame angular passage 42, i. e., in a neutral position as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and from this it will be seen that from this neutral position the inner jaw member may swing on the nut 26 as a fulcrum both toward and away from the shank I5.

In the illustrated embodiments of the present invention the structure coacting operatively with the frame I9 and with the inner jaw member 43 for normally maintainingthelatter. in its .neutral Y position, while yieldingly permitting the rocking movements thereof, consists of a pair of coil springs 56 and 51 which may be of equal size and are located in and extend outwardly from respective equal blind end passages 58 and 59 formed in the body portion 44. The passage 58 extends forwardly and downwardly in the body portion 44 from its rear face 46, the mouth of the passage 58 being oppositely disposed to the lower front face 35 of the intermediate bridge 28, and the passage 59 is located below the passage 58 and extends rearwardly and upwardly in the body portion 44 from its front face 45, the mouth of the passage 59 being oppositely disposed to the upper rear face 36 of the front bridge 29. The outer ends of the springs 56 and 51 engage the respective bridge faces 35 and 36 when the inner jaw member 43 is in neutral position, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and the length of the springs is such that they are preferably under a slight compression in this engagement. As a consequence, the springs 56 and 51 act in opposition to each other, as it were, in operative coaction with the inner jaw member 43 and the frame i9 yieldingly to maintain the inner jaw member normally in its neutral position.

It will be noted, however, that in addition to performing the function just stated, the springs 56 and 51 also function as means to urge the vertical face 54 of the notch 52 into engagement with the cylindrical wall of the nut 26. Explaining this in detail, the spring 51 acts as a fulcrum, as it were, about which the inner jaw member 43 tends to swing as a lever of the first class under the influence of the generally forwardly directed pressure of the spring 56, but this tendency to swing is prevented by reason of the engagement of the notch face 54 with the cylindrical side of the nut 26. Similarly, the spring 56 acts as a fulcrum, as it were, on which the inner jaw member 43 tends to swing as a lever of the third class under the generally rearwardly directed pressure of the spring 51, but this tendency to swing also is prevented by reason of the engagement of the notch face 54 with the cylindrical side of the nut. As a consequence of this urging action with respect to the notch face 54 and the side of the nut 26, it will be seen that the springs 56 and 51 thus function additionally as means to urge the curved surface 55 joining the body faces 46 and 53 into close adjacency with the crest of the forward shank threads I6 while the notch face E3 rests flatwise on the flat top surface of the nut 26.

The embodiment of the present invention illustrated in Figs. 1-8 consists of only six separate parts or pieces, and in assembling them the springs 56 and 51 are first inserted into their respective passage 58 and 59 and the inner jaw member is then introduced into the frame angularly disposed passage 42, the springs being temporarily compressed manually to permit this movement. The shortest distance between the intermediate bridge 28 and the frame member bosses 39 and 40 is sufficiently great to permit the lower part of the body portion 44 to pass therebetween, after which the inner jaw member 43 is swung to cause the body portion recesses 5i) and 5I to fit over the respective bosses 39 and 49. Thereafter the nut 26 is placed in the transverse frame passage 25 in engagement with the body notch faces 53 and 54, and then the shank I5 is introduced into the frame longitudinal passage 4I for reception by the threads-of the nut 26 to cause all partsto Vbe assembled together. inte an atea-see 'operative unit.'4 "It will. be 'notedfrom'lligsil .and i3, `for examples, that `whenthe .wrench .asa Whole is held upright, the'jaw notch faces 53 `andfld engage the top surface and cylindrical side, respectively, of the nut 2'6 and lthat'the bottom surface of the nut engages the a't bottom :surfaces of the side member .recesses 23 and 2d., but that the top surface of the nut is spaced .from the top vsurfaces -of .these recesses because :of cclearance. By reason of ythe reception of the bosses 39 and 46 .by the respective inner jaw .recesses A50 and 5l and-of the presence of A-thesshank il 5 Aclosely 'adjacent the lower end `of `the :body .portion 144, the'inner jaw member 43 as a whole can not be removed from the frame angular passage 42 and as a consequence remains associated with 'the frame I9 even when the wrench is in disuse, but the jaw member'43` is rockable `in the passage'42 on the nut V213 as a -f'ulcrum in opposite directions from the Vneutral position yieldingly Amaintained by the Asprings 56 and 57.

In using theembodiment of the present inven- Ition illustrated in Figs. 1-8, it will be apparent that upon an initial turning of the nut 26 to cause the jaws Il and 43 to have gripping -contact with an object to be turned, the inner jaw member 43 makes this'contact while in Yits neutral position. But when the wrench is swung so that its handle 2li moves in the direction of the larrow A in Fig. l, there is a rocking of the inner jaw member 43 in the nut 2t in the direction of the yshank l5, as is well understood, and consequent compression of the spring '56, thereby resulting in a swinging of the jaw teeth 48 arcuately toward the teeth I8 of the fixed jaw l? to effect -a biting by therteeth of the two jaws vinto the material of the object 'and the production thereon of a grip sufficiently rm that further swinging of Vthe handle Y2li in the direction 'of the arrow A effects the turning of the object itself. The 'rocking of the inner jaw member v43 occurs in only the rst few'degrees of the full swing of the handle 2B, i.

' e., stops as soon vas the objects resistance to the biting action of the jaws equals Vthe amount 'of power that can be applied to the handle '210 before Vthe object itself begins to turn during further swinging of the handle. Y

VThe fulcrum for 'the above rocking of the inner jaw member 43 is the `'strong and firm support afforded by the flat top surface of the nut 26, and the pivot axis of the inner jaw member on the nut in this rocking is 'the curved surface '55 of small radius joining the jaw body member 'faces 46 and 53 or would be the dihedral angle edge formed by these two faces if the lcurved surface 55 is not employed Vin a given embodiment. As this curved surface is located -closelyadjacent the forward threads I6 of the shank i5, it will also be'seen that an imaginary plane passing through this axis parallel with the c restof these forward Vshank threads wouldrbe "located so close `thereto Vthat the distance between the plane and the thread crest would'be much less than the diameter Y of lany object Vwhichva wrench -of Vthis type would fbe used toturn. ,A s a consequence, thisrlocation of the axis of -rockingr'of the inner 'ja-w member 43 on the top surface of the nut 2'6 insures that, Vin a givenembodiment of the present invention,

Vany portion of theteeth of an inner jaw member which might rock to the shank sid'eof suchen gaxis, i. e., which might cross through -thejabove imaginary plane andY thus rock -arcu'ately Aaway from the `xedV jaw, would be so smal-la p'ortijon.N

Y of the teeth asY to bei of no practical 'importance Y 8 whatever' from .'thelstandpoint lof ifoss' `of *biting and :gripping function.

The extent to which the inner .Jaw member f4.3 rocks toward thesha-nk l5,.a's.above described, depends .upon `how vdeeply the jaw teeth i8 and 48 bite into the object before :it 'begins to turn, and in the embodiment of the present invention illus- -trated'inY Figs. 1-8, a limit .of this rocking nf 'the inner jaw member is shown as provided :by the intermediate bridge 28. Statingsthis in more 4detail, and with particular reference .to Fig. 4, the location and the angularity vof the lower front face of the intermediate bridge 28 are such'that the face 35 acts as an abutment which the :rear face 46 of the inner jaw member 43 engages flatwise as a stop VtoY further rock-ing'towardthe :shank 15. In Fig. 4 the rearface'lS-of 'the ljaw head 41 is shown as spaced in substantial parallelism from V'the upper front face '34 of *the intermediate bridge -28 when the respective jaw and bridge `faces 4'6 and -35 `are in atwise engagement, as it 'is neither practicable nor necessary when the 'faces 46 and 35 engage each other that the faces 4.9`and 34 shouldbe in engagement also.

It is 'appreciated that in the embodiment of the present inventionl illustrated in Figs. 1-f8 the locus `fer the rocking axis of the inner jaw member 43 afforded by the curved surface l is shown as being nearer the shank 'I 5 than are the -f-ron't faces 34 and 35 of the Yintermediate bridge Z8-in fact Vis shown as located below the bridge 28 substantially beneath the rear planar face 33 thereof, i. e., substantialyV at the junction or mergence :of the `frame longitudinal passage 4l with the frame angular passage l2-and fromthis it follows that the axis 'locus could belocated appreciably to the left of the locus shown inthe drawings Vwithout there resulting any greatV decrease in the 'efficiency of the innerA jawmember 43 from the .standpointof its biting land gripping functions, sin-ce the Yfront face 35 of the intermediate bridge 28 would still performzits abutment function before any material portion of the jaw teeth 48 crossed the labove imaginaryfplane, should this r occur. l ButV it is preferred that the lrocking axis Vof the innerjaw member 43 be loca-ted closely adjacent the crest of `the forward shank threads |6 'for the reason that such a locus provides a, maximum vextent for the chording across the top surface of' the vnuit 26 -by vthe jawr member curved surface'55 and hence a maximum engagement-l support on and by the nut 26, it being appreciated that when the innerjaw member 43 rocks Atoward the shank l5 the notch faces 53 and 54 swing as faces away from the top surface andthe cylindrical side,rrespectively ofthe nut 26. Y

When the 4handle 2li has 'reached'the -endof 'its 4Swingin the directionrof the arr-0W A in `Fig. 1, the handle is then 'swung in 'a reverse direction lto locateV the jaws l'l and 43 for a second or suc- Y vceedin'g lbite on the object so that it may be turned further. Because the biting of theY teeth l 8 land '48 has previously produced indentations in the that above described, for it jwh'en the Vhai-idle 2U is thus swung in va' reverse direction. The jaw Y member 43 thus rocks away: 'from the shank l5 and as a ycon'sc quence 'res1.lmes its neutral or Figs.

.f1V and'S position, (this, resumption occurring in the first few degrees of Vthefujll reverse -swingjof fthe being'reducdto normal.

handle 20 and the-compression of the spring '56 lamong diierent turning jobs. ,theoretical limitfor this outward rocking of the But it will be observed that since the biting action of the teeth I3 and 48 causes a displacement of the material of the object which is partially radial, when the inner jaw member 43 thus resumes its neutral position burrs and projections on the surface 'of the object which were formed by the previous biting action of the teeth 48 now extend outwardly into the spaces between the teeth 48 and engage their surfaces laterally. As a consequence, this burr and teeth engagement causes the inner jaw member 43 to continue to rock away from the shank I5, i. e., away from its neutral position in a direction away from the shank, until the burrs and any other surface irregularities there may be are cleared and overridden. In this further swinging of the inner jaw member 43 away from the shank I5 the compression of the spring 51 is increased, and when burrs and surface irregularities have been overridden by the jaw teeth 48, the spring 51 easily coacts operatively with the frame and the inner jaw member to rock the latter back to its neutral position so that it is ready for a succeeding biting action 'and object-turning stroke before or by the time 'of completion of the reverse swing of the handle The fulcrum `for this reverse rocking of the inner jaw member 43 is not, however, the top surface of the nut 26 but instead is the smooth upper portion of the cylindrical side thereof, and the pivot axis for this rocking is the engagement locus of the lower edge of the vertical notch face 54 with the smooth side portionV of the nut. The

fact that this locus is theoretically only a point and therefore small is not, however, important, since only the spring 51 affords resistance to the reverse rocking of the inner jaw member 43 as compared to the relatively great resistance afforded by the object itself when the inner jaw member swings toward the shank I5. The nut 26 is shown as having substantially the upper and lower thirds of its cylindrical side smooth and unknurled to minimize the chance of dirt being carried by the nut into the frame and deposited on the vertical face 54 of the inner jaw member 43. It will be understood, however, that the entire cylindrical surface of the nut may be knurled vwithin the scope of the present invention as l claimed herein..

Since the height of the burrs depends upon how vmuch radial displacement of the material of the object has been produced by the biting action of .the teeth I8 and 48, it will be apparent that the extent of the rocking of the inner jaw member 43 to the left, viewing Figs. 1 and 3, will vary as As an at least inner jaw member 43, the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figs. 1-8 provides the upper rear face 36 of the front bridge 29. The location and the angularity of this bridge face 36 Vare such that it acts as an abutment whichv the front face 45 of the inner jaw member 43 engages turn the object is transmitted directly to the shank itself and by theV shank is transferred to the fixed jaw and also to the nut-supported frame and the inner jaw member.

To a certain extent the elements of Figs. 9-11 are identical in construction and mode of operation with corresponding elements in Figs. 1-8, and as a consequence reference numerals of Figs. l-8 have been employed wherever such identity is the case. Thus the Figs. 9-11 embodiment may employ the same inner jaw member 43 with all of its above-numbered parts, the same springs 56 and 51, and the same nut 26. But to'a greater extent the Figs. 9-11 embodiment also employs elements which but for the differences in the frame would be structurally identical (and in fact are functionally identical) with corresponding elements of Figs. 1-6, and where this is the'case the Figs. 1 6 reference numerals have been coupled with primes for clarity of disclosure.

The embodiment shown in Figs. 9-11 does not have an integral handle' and frame but instead has its handle 60 preferably integral with the shank I5' so as to form an operative extension from one end thereof, and on the opposite end the shank I5' is provided with a Xed outer jaw I1' having teeth I8'. The shank I 5' also is provided with threads I6 which are shown for illustrative purposes only as located' along thel back of the shank as well as along its front. The frame `6I in the Figs. 9"-11 embodiment includes a pair of complementary side members 62 and 63 which are spaced apart with their inner flat faces parallel by means of preferably integral bridges 64, 28' and 29', and 'the bottoms ofthe side members 62 and 63 comprise'coplanar surfaces 65 and 66, respectively, adapted to rest flatwise on the top surface of the nut 26 when the wrench is held upright (Figs. 9 and ll) by its handle. Ahead of the nat under surfaces 65 and 66 the frame side members 62 and k63 extend downwardly and terminate in rearwardly turned ears 61 and 68, respectively, adapted to underlie the nut 26 to a short extent with clearance from it and also from the front end of the shank I5'.

The rear bridge 64 is provided with a planar front face 69 which is preferably at 90 to the plane of the bottom surfaces 65 and 66 ofthe respective side members 62 and 63, and the intermediate bridge 28' has a planar rear face 33', an upwardly and rearwardly extending upper front face 34', and a downwardly and rearwardly extending lower front face 35', the location of the intermediate bridge 28' between the frame side members 62 and 63 being at the top central portions thereof, corresponding to the location of the intermediate bridge 28 between the Figs. l6 frame side members ZI and 22. The front bridge 29' is substantially identical with the front bridge ,29, including the rear upper planar face 36' and the curved surface 31', and the front'bridge 29' is coterminous downwardly with the ears 61 and 68 to provide with the back faces thereof a rear *marmellate britse 2n".

egeesgeae 1l doplanar the rea-r face 335'- o the 'Il-he structure of the 'traine 63E is completed by. frame. side. member hosses'SSf andi Ml! shaizne'dg.located',` and; functionning?"iderdzically with the. bossesV 39' and d0. in Figs'. 1f-6L l In. view of the `foregoing'r andY considering the Vstructure of the frame; Sit as a whole, it will be Yseen-.v-that` thel frame. side member under surfaces '65 and"66,irthe tops of the` ears 61 and 68 together with the top of thefbridger. 29 portion therebetween, 'and' the adjacentrandjoiningl portions of theframesidennembversf62 and 63. together form 'aitransverse. frame passage 25', open at its rear but c'zorresponding` functionally and in location Vwith 'the'transverse frame passage 2'51 in Figs; 1-6 for reception of the! nut, 26 in operativey position. -Itw-ill als@ be vseen thatthefront face 6'9 of the rear"bridge- Mythe. copl'anar rear-faces 3:3' and S'of the/intermediate bridge 28" a'n'df of the frontbridlge 2li", respectively, and the. adjacent portibnsoi theI inner' faces ofA thefranre slide mem.- bers 62 and 6-3 together fernr a throat: or frame Vlongitudinail passage dit which isi rectangular in cross: section, as willi be seen from comparison of Figs. 9 and,Z 1'0?, and whiclr is functionally identical and for all oprative purposes may be: considered asr structurally identit-Sali with the Vframe; longitudinal passageil shown best in Fig..6, and. from this it will be. apparent thatv the shank: tiff isv receivable bythis-'passageA tt" for'relativemovement longitudinally with" respect. thereto.. The? width the handle 6U is" suclfi that' itwf'rllf pass through the nut 26" when the. latter is: in operative positime iir the'.y frame. transverse passage 251', and: as.

Ybarthecaseof' the' wrench; shown in Figs'. 1 6; it

"is'n'etl intended that' the'. shank: t5 and.' the.. frame 641 be rookable` relatively` to each other; so. that any looser play there may be present onlyk sufhcintto: permit av clearance: for the above longithat the lower iront pla-nar face 3&"01 the inter- 'mediate-bridge 28', the upper rear planar'face 36" of the front bridge 292. and the adjacent portions. ofi the inner faces off the frame side membersf 62y and. '6% tog/ether' form a second throat or Vment with respect. to the frameboth toward and frame passage-424L which location, structure,

and 54 normally engage atwise the topi surface.. and: cylindrical sides', respectively, of the nut 26, l thel jaw member recesses 5U and 5| receive the respective' frame member bosses 39" andv 40', and

the springs 56 and 5T coact operatively with the inner jaw member 43 and with the bridge faces 35' and 36',v respectively, ofthe frame 6l yielding- Iy to maintain thefinnerjaw member 43 normally initsflneutral position shown in- Figs. 9 and 11 and? also to urge the vertical notch face 54 of: the innerfjaw member into engagement with the cy- Iiiqdribai side of the nutl 2liall in the locations and in themanner of the same and of the func- 4 tionally identica-l: elements shown in Figs. 1 8.

The topsurfacelofv the nut=26 formsthe fulcrum for therocking ot the inner jaw member 43 to- *12 wardthe shanklf'; the axis'fbelng the jaw member curved; surface: 55., and the' engagementlocus of the' lower edge; of the-vertical notch faceV 5E with the smootlr uppery portion oi the cylindrical side of the nut 26: is; the axis for the rocking of the. inner jaw member outwardly from its neutral. position and away' from the shank IE.. The Figs.. 9:-11'embodiment has the same modefof operation asf regards biting of the object by the teeth t8," and 48- during an object-turning stroke asA the embodimentI shown in Figs. 1-8, and has the same burr overriding action as that embodiment during. swinging of.' theV wrench as a who-lein; a reverse direction-.preparatory torasucceeding oblect-turning: stroke..

The Figs.' 9-1 1 wrench. isv assembled in the same manner as is: theA wrench show-n in. liigs.v 1.6, the

lshank t5! beinginserted into the framelongitu- .and hrmA supportA forv the rockingl of the inner Yjaw member i3v toward the shank L5'M The axis for this rocking likewisehasthesame locusclose- -ly adjacent the crest.of7 the forward shank threads I6' and below thel intermediate. bridge 28.', and asaconsequence.hasmaximum,efficiency Y inobject-engaging. and: biting actionA asin Figs.

What isclaimed as` new is:- 1.. A Wrench havng,. in combination.; an outer jaw;` a shank therefor.; a frame. having a longitudinal passage for receiving. the shank and also having` a secondfpassage located forwardly of said longitudinal passage; an adjusting nut threaded on the. shank andv cooperable. with thev frame for effecting relative. longitudinal movementbetween the. shank and theframe'r and. an inner jaw member received by said frame second passage and fulcrumedon the adjustingnut for rocking moveaway from. the: shank..

2. A wrench having, in combination; an outer jaw; a shank therefor; a. trameV forreceiving the shank;l an adjusting nut threaded ori-the shank and cooperabl'e with the. frame for e'ecting. relative longitudinal movementJ between. the. andthe frame; and aninner'jaw. member. received by the frame and fulcrumed on.. the adjusting nut for rocking movement from a given position with respect to the frame both toward.' and. away from the shank, the axisl for. the rocking of the inner jaw member on theA nut toward, the. shank from said. given. position being a. chord locuson thev top. surface of the nut..`

3..: Structure. such as set forth. in claim 2 characterized by the. fact. thatthe axis for the rocking oi the inner'jaw member ori-.the nutfrom said given position away from` the shankis a locus on the side of the nut.

4. A. wrench: having,v inV combination: an outer ja-Wa'- shank therefor; a frame for receiving'the shank; an adjusting nut threaded onV the shank and cooperableV with theA frame for effecting relative.- logi'tudlnal movementl between the shank andthe fra-me; and. an. inner jaw member 'received by the frame and provided?. with. two angularly disposed surfaces the first. of which is engaged with. a` portion. ofi the: mit: as a4 fulcrum for rocking movement of the inner jaw member from a given position with respect to the frame in a direction toward the shank, the second of said surfaces being engaged with a different portion of the nut as a fulcrum for rocking movement of the inner jaw member from said given position with respect to the frame in a direction away from the shank.

5. A wrench having, in combination: an outer jaw; a shank therefor; a frame for receiving the shank; an adjusting nut threaded on the shank and cooperable with the frame for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the shank and the frame; an inner jaw member received by the frame and fulcrumed on the adjusting nut for rocking movement from a given position with respect to the frame both toward and away from the shank, the axis for the rocking of the inner jaw member on the nut toward the shank from said given position being a chord locus on the top surface of the nut; and yieldable means for normally maintaining said inner jaw member in said given position.

6. Structure such as set forth in claim characterized by the fact that the axis for the rocking of the inner jaw member on the nut from said given position away from the shank is a locus on the side of the nut.

7. A wrench having, in combination: an outer jaw; a shank therefor; a frame for receiving the shank; an adjusting nut threaded on the shank and cooperable with the frame for effecting relative longitudinal movementJ between the shank and the frame; an inner jaw member received by the frame and fulcrumed on the adjusting nut for rocking movement with respect to the frame both toward and away from the shank, said inner jaw member having two surfaces each of which is engageable with a different surface portion of the adjusting nut, the location of said inner jaw member surfaces being such that when they are both engaged With the nut the inner jaw member is in a neutral position with respect to its limits of rocking; and yieldable means for urging one of said inner jaw member surfaces to engage said adjusting nut when the other of said inner jaw member surfaces is engaged with the adjusting nut.

8. A wrench having, in combination: an outer jaw; a shank therefor; a frame having a longitudinal passage for receiving the shank and also having a second passage located forwardly of said longitudinal passage; an adjusting nut threaded on the shank and cooperable with the frame for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the shank and the frame; an inner jaw member received by said frame second passage and fulcrumed on the adjusting nut for rocking movement with respect to the frame both toward and away from the shank; and cooperating contour portions on the frame second passage and the inner jaw member for maintaining the inner jaw member associated with the frame when the wrench is in disuse but permitting said rocking of the inner jaw member when the Wrench is in use.

9. A wrench having, in combination: an outer jaw; a shank therefor; a frame for receiving the shank; an adjusting nut threaded on the shank and cooperable with the frame for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the shank and the frame; an inner jaw member received by the frame and fulcrumed on the adjusting nut for rocking movement with respect to the frame both toward and away from the shank; and co- 14 loperating contour portions on the frame and the inner member for maintaining the inner jaw vmember associated with the frame when the wrench is in disuse but permitting said rocking of the inner jaw member when the wrench is in use, said cooperating contour portions comprising cooperating bosses and recesses formed on the frame and the inner jaw member, respectively.

10. A wrench having, in combination: an outer jaw; a shank therefor; a frame having a longitudinal passage for receiving the shank and also having a second passage located forwardly of said longitudinal passage; an adjusting nut threaded on the shank and cooperable with the frame for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the shank and the frame; and an inner jaw member received by said frame second passage and fulcrumed on the adjusting nut for rocking movement with respect to the frame both toward and away from the shank, the axis of rocking of the inner jaw member on the nut toward the shank being located closely adjacent the shank.

11. Structure such as set forth in claim 10 characterized by the presence of means coacting with the frame and the inner jaw member for urging the latter to a position such that said axis is closely adjacent the shank.

12. A wrench having, in combination: an outer jaw; a shank therefor; a frame having a longitudinal passage for receiving the shank, said frame being provided with a member having a rear portion which forms part of said longitudinal passage and said frame also having a second passage located forwardly of said longitudinally passage; an adjusting nut threaded on the shank and cooperable with the frame for effecting relative movement between the frame and the shank when the latter is received in said longitudinal passage; and an inner jaw member received by said frame second passage and fulcrumed on the adjusting nut for rocking movement with respect to the frame both toward and away from the shank, the axis of rocking of the inner jaw member on the nut toward the shank being located substantially beneath the rear portion of said frame member.

13. Structure such as set forth in claim 12 characterized by the presence of yieldable means for normally maintaining the inner jaw member in position for rocking movements as stated.

14. Structure such as set forth in claim 12 characterized by the presence of means coacting with the frame and the inner jaw member for urging the latter to a position where said axis has the location stated.

15. A wrench having, in combination: an outer jaw; a shank therefor; a frame having a longitudinal passage for receiving the shank and also having a second passage angularly disposed to said longitudinal passage and in part merging therewith; an adjusting nut threaded on the shank and cooperable with the frame for effecting relative movement between the frame and the shank when the latter is received in said longitudinal passage; and an inner jaw member received by said angularly disposed passage and fulcrumed on the nut for rocking movement with respect to the frame both toward and away from the shank, the axis of rocking of the inner jaw member on the nut toward the shank being located substantially at the locus of mergence of said frame longitudinal and angularly disposed passages.

Y @49mm Y 15 Y n .as 16, fStruoture such Vasset forth in claim 1:5 Y s Y REFERENQESCITED characbezed'by the presence of yielda'ble means The following feces are of record in the for normally maintaining the inner jaw member' me of this patent: Y s imposition for :rocking movements as stated.

17.. Structure .such'as set forth in claim 15 UNITED STATES RATENTS characterized by the `presence of means coact- Num-ber Name Date ing' with the frame and the inner jaw `member 317,923 C331 :Ma,y 12, 1885 for 'urging the 'latter to Aa position Where Said 317,924 Call May 12, 1885 axis has the location stated. `v463,784 Buzzel-l Nov. 24, 1891 10 494,529 Jenks .V Mar. 28, 1993 RALPH `P. DAVIS. r857,825 Nicholson June 25, 1907 Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,493,529 January 3, 1950 RALPH P. DAVIS It is hereby certified that errors appear in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 2, line 13, for chieved read achieved; column 14, lines 36 and 37, for the Word longitudinally read longitudinal;

and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 11th day of April, A. D. 1950.

THOMAS F. M URPI IY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents.

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