US2493475A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 3, 1950 s. l.. CASELLA ET Al.

MACHINE TOOL 6 Sheets-Sheet l Filed June 1, 1945v A .2 auf@ Wsw EAZF. VCDAJ N 0 1 .Ulf H0 O w o /r New OEV aww sew Jan. 3, 1950 s. L..` CASELLA Er Al.

MACHINE TOOL 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June l, 1945 ATTOQ/vgy Jan. 3, `1950 s. L. CASELLA ETAL MACHINE TOOL 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June l, 1945.

FILL. l l l l ll.\

ATTORNEY Jan. 3, 1950 s. l.. CASELLA Er Al.

MACHINE TOOL Filed June l, 1945 Sheets-sheet 4 INVENTORS SECO/VDO CASELLA Jan. 3, 1950 s. CASELLA Er AL K 2,493,475

MACHINE TOOL 6- Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 1, 1945 Jan. 3, 1950 s. L. CASELLA Er Al.

MACHINE TOOL 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed June l, 1945 INVENTORS Patented Jan. 3, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT--FFICE f MACHINEjroorl` Secondo L. Casella., Robert'KurzweiLand Juven tino Jose Pesqueira, New York, N'. L assignors to Morey Machinery Co., Inc.,.-New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application June 1, 1945, Serial. No. 597,140-v (Cl. .S2-31) 5 Claims.

This invention relates to machine tools. It is particularly directed to a lathe provided lwith a tailstock.

An object of this invention is to provide in a lathe of the character described, a tailstock movable to one side of the axis of the lathe spindle and provided with a tailstock center adapted to engage the work piece when the tailstock is in one position, and means to insure the tailstock center remaining exactly at the axis of the spindle resulting in rotation of the work piece accurately about its axis during the turning of the work piece.

Another .object of this invention is to provide in a lathe, a tailstock movable at right angles to the axis of the spindle, a tailstock center on the tailstock, and means to sequentially move the tailstock to a position Where the tailstock center is at the axis of the spindle, move the tailstock center against the work piece, lock the tailstock against side movement, retract the tailstock center, unlock the tailstock, and move the tailstock back to a position where the tailstock center is offset from the axis of the spindle.

Another object of this invention is to provide in a lathe, a bed, a carriage slidably mounted on the bed for longitudinal movement, a tailstock mounted on the carriage for sliding movement in a horizontal plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the bed, a tailstock center or quill on the tailstock, and means to lock the tailstock to the carriage.

Yet a further object of this invention is to provide in a lathe of the characterv described, a carriage slidably .mounted on the bed of the lathe, a tailstock slidably mounted on the carriage for movement transversely of the direction of movement of the carriage, a tailstock center slidably mounted on the tailstock for movement in a direction parallel to the axis of the lathe, and hydraulic means for moving the tailstock toward and away from a normal position where the tailstock center is at the axis of the spindle, hydraulic means for moving the tailstock center into engagement with the Work and for retracting the tailstock center, and hydraulic means to lock the tailstock to the carriage and to unlock said tailstock.

Yet a further object oi this invention is to provide in a lathe of the character described, means dependent upon movement of the tailstock center into engagement. with the work piece, to lock the tailstock against movement, andmeans dependent upon retraction of the tailstock center to unlock said tailstock. l

Another. Object ofY this invention is to provide in a lathe of the character described, a tailstock movableat right `"anglesto the axis of thevlathe spindle, a tailstoektquillr center on the tailstock movable longitudinally of the lathe, alocking device vto lock, the rtailstock.against movement, and manually initiated hydraulic ,means to sequentiallymove the y.tail,stoclrfto a position Where thecenter `A.is at the .axis `ofther lathe spindle, move .the A tailstock1 Icenter into y,engagement with a work piece, andlccl; the tailstock against movement, said 4[hydraulic -means lbeingsov arranged that the .same may .be manually.. initiated thereafter vto.,sequentially retract the tailstock center, unlock, the v,tail'stocln, and move.. Vthe tailstockto a position where .the .tailstockcenter is offset from the `axis of the latinaspindle.`

Still a further object v of this invention. is t provide-a strong. rugged ,and durable lathe construction of the characterdescribed which shall be, relatively inexpensive .to manufacture, .smooth and, positivem operation, and yet practical and eilicientto a high'degree in use.Y

Other objectsfgof thisl invern-.ionk willin part be obvious andin part hereinafter pointedout.

'I'liejnvention accordingly consists in the featuresof ,constructiom combinations o f elements, and arrangement onparts Vwhich will beexemplied in the construction hereinafter described, and oiwhio'h the scope yof application will be indicated in the followingclaims.

In the, accompanying drawing, in which is shown one ofthe variouspossible illustrative embodiments of this invention,

Fig. lisa top plan viewmof a tailstock for a lathe 'embodying the invention;

Fig. Z-is a cross-sectional view taken` on line 2-2 oi" Fig 1; p

Fig. 3 is across-sectional viewtaken on line 3--3 0f F1811;

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the hydraulic control system;

Fig. 5 is' a rearv'view of a tailstock embodying the inventiondand illustrating a modified con-f struction;

Fig.V 6 is a cross-sectional viewtaken online 6--6 of Figo;v

Fig..' is a'. side .elevational view of the structure shown iii-Fig.. 5;

Fig. 8 isacross-sectional view taken online 8-8 of Fig. '7; and-f Fig. 911s a view similar toFig. 6=but illustrating` another: .modified construction.

Referring nowin detail. to the drawing, YIt) desa lathaemBodyina-the invention. The

ever, the invention may be used for other types.,

of lathes as will appear hereinafter.

On the bed I I there is slidably mounted .forY longitudinal movement a carriage I5. Slidablyl mounted on the carriage formovement thereon' transversely of the axis of-'the spindle, is: a tailstock I6. The tailstock I6 is provided' with a longitudinal cylindrical portion I1 in which is slidably mounted a cylindersl carrying a tail` i Extending to one side l.of -the Any suitable hydraulic medium may be supplied tooneside of cylinder through a conduit28 connected to-head 26. fThe hydraulicl medium maybe supplied :to `the opposite side of the cylinder YVthrough a conduit 29 connected tothe heed 271. The head 21 is iformeduwith a central opening and slidably extending ,therefr'o'rnfis'a piston red 36, AAt one end of the rod isV a piston 3IV slidable"'withinv thecylinder v25. The piston rod is clamped to an extension 32 of the tailstock by means of nutsV 33. f

. Ihe cylinder I,8.1i s formedrwith a cylindrical chamber opening 35, 'opening to the rear. The rear end of the cylindrical chamber 35 is closed by a head 36 formed with a' through ropening 31.` Extending throughlthe through opening 31 is a' pistonrod 38.A `On the piston rod 38 is a piston 439 within cylindrical chamberv 35. The piston rod v38 ismformed with one opening 40 whiclropens jinto the chamber. 35 of one -side of the piston 39. Said piston rod islfor'niedjwith a second opening -4IV whichy .opens within the cylindrical chamber on the opposite side of said piston. Passage 48 is connected to pipe or conduit 42,.whereas passage 4I isconnected to vpipe or conduit 43. Itwill be noted that the rear end of cylinder YI1 is closed by a plate 45. Therear end of the piston rod 38 is Xed to Asaid plate 45.3 Said-plate is for med f withpassages 40a and 4Ia connecting the passages 40 and-4Iwith conv duits 42 and 43,Y` respectively.

The cylinder I8 is formed with aiftransverse wallY I8a mediately .theends thereof. At the front of cylinder.fl8 is achamber; 4i6which Vopens to the front. Said chamber is closed by apap-4 1. attached uth'eretoby screws '-4.1'a.- Within. said 4 through passage 40. However, when liquid is forced through passage 40, the cylinder I8 and tailstock center I9 will be retracted and liquid will simultaneously be drained through passage 4I.

The carriage I5 is formed with a dove-tailed `guide The 'tailstock I6 is formed with a dove- 'tail groove`5| receiving the dove-tailed guide 58.

Between the guide 50 and a surface 52 of the groove 5I, is a gib 53. The gib 53 is tapered. `When. it is moved to the left, looking at Fig. 1, it

will lock the tailstock to the carriage. When it is moved to the right, the tailstock will be released i so that it may slide relative to the carriage.

Means is provided to move the gib to locking l Yand unlocking position, respectively. To this end there is xed on `the carriage I5 a bracket 54 formed with a through opening adjacent one end'of the gib 53. Fixed to bracket 54 is a plate 46; and xed thereto isiI a cylinder 51. Plate 56 is formed witha` central opening 58. Extending through the openings 55 and 58 is a piston rod 60. One end of the piston rod is screw threaded to oneend of the Vgib 53. On the piston rod is apiston 6I within the cylinder 51. The cylinder 51 is connected to a conduit or pipe 62 communieating'with the inside of the cylinder and on one side'of the piston. Said cylinder is also connected to -a pipe 6,3 communicating with the'inside of the cylinder at the opposite side of the piston. When liquid enters the cylinder through pipe 62, the-piston 6I is retracted to unlock the tailstock. When liquid enters the pipe 63, the piston 6I is moved to the left, looking at Fig. 1, to move the gib Vin the opposite direction' for locking the tail-v stock to the carriage against movement transversely of spindle axis.

f'- In Fig. 4 there is illustrated the hydraulic sys-` tem for operating the tailstock, the quill, and the locking gib. In said figure, 10 designates a pump connected by conduit 1I to a pressure manifold 12. The manifold 12 is connected by pipe 13 to a' pressure reducing valve 14. The valve 14 is connected by conduit 'I5 to a manifold or valve block 16. Connected to the manifold 16 is a drain pipe 11. There is also connected to the manifold, pipes 18l and 19. On the manifold 16 is a handoperated valve (not shown), which when turned in one direction to a predetermined position,inter f connects pipes 15 and 118, and at the same time chamber are a pair of spaced bearings48 sup-Y porting a ytailstock center-or quill. l9. VThe taily interconnects pipe 19 to the drain pipe 11. YUpon turning the handle to another predetermined position, pipe 18 is interconnected to the drain 11, and pipe 15 interconnects to pipe 16. Pipe 18 is connected to a' sequence and check valve 68. The valve has one Youtlet connected to pipe 28. Said valve has another outlet connected to a pipe 8| which passes through a manifold 82 and connects to said pipe 43. Pipe 43 is connected to said pipe 63. The check valve 8U is so arranged that pipe 18 is connected therethrough rst to pipe 28, but when a predetermined pressure is built up therein, the connection between pipe 18 and 28 is shut off, and automatically pipe 18 connects' to pipe 8l. Pipe 19 is connected to sequence and check -valve similar to valve 86. YSaid valve 85 is connected to pipe 29. Said check valve is also yconnected by a pipe 86 which connects through manifold 82 to pipe $2.l Said pipe 42 Vis connected to saidpipe 62 which acts as a bleeder from pipe 42.

The operation of the system will now be eX- plained: A suitable hand operated valve on manifold 16 is rotated in one direction to a predetermined position for interconnecting. pipe 15 with vpipe -18 andinterconnecting pipe,19.to drain pipe 11. Liquid underpressure will then flow from pump through pipe 1I and pressurev manifold 12 to pipe 13, through pressure reducing valve 14 through pipe 15 through a valve passage in manifold 16 to pipe 18, and to the sequence and check valve 89. Liquid under pressure will .pass from the check valve to pipe 28 cooperate the tailstock cylinder and thereby move the tailstock from an offset position to a position where the talls'tock center is in alignment with the axis of the mandrel I3.

` While the tailstock is being moved to its nor'- mal operative position, liquid will drain out of the tailstock cylinder through pipe 29, through valve 85 to pipe 19, and then through the manifold l16 to the drain pipe 11. At will be noted that the connection in check valve 85 between pipes 29v and 19 is open while pressure is exerted on valve 80. When the tailstock cylinder has moved to normal position, and pressure is built up in valve 80, the connection between pipes 18 and 28 is shut off while the connection between pipes 18 and 8| is open. Fluid under pressure-will then move through pipe 8|, manifold 82, to pipe 43, and from pipe 43 to passage 4I to cause the cylinder-I to move forwardly so that the tailstock center I9 engages the shell or other work piece on the mandrel I3.

As fluid passes to the cylinder I8, uid under pressure will bleed through pipe 63 to thelocking cylinder 51 for locking the gib, thereby preventing side movement of the tailstock while the Work piece is being turned. The lathe is then operated in a normal way to turn the shellor other work piece on the mandrel.

While the cylinder I8 is moving forwardly, fluid under pressure will be pumped out of the cylinder to pipe 42 through manifold 82and pipe 8B and through the return valve 85 to pipe 19 'and thence through the manifold 15 to-:drain pipe 11.

Furthermore, as the piston in the locking cylinder 51 moves to` lock the gib, liquid will drain through pipe 62 to pipe 42.

After the shell is turned, the handle or valve on manifold 16 is turned to another position for connecting pipe 13with the drain 11 .and iconnecting'pipe 1B to pipe 19. Fluid under pressure will then pass from pipe 15 to pipe 19, to sequence and check valve 85to pipe 865, through manifoldY 82, through pipe 42 to the quill cylinder I8 .for causing retraction of the cylinder. The uid will pass from pipe 42 to passagev 49 to retract the center I9. At the same time, fluidwill be drained from cylinder 35 through passage 4I to pipe 43. to pipe 8|, valve 89, pipe 18, manifold 16 and The tailstock center will thus bedrain pipe 11. retracted.

At the same time, pressure is built up fromr pipe 42 to pipe 52 to the cylinder 51 for retracting the gib to thus release thetailstock. When enough pressure is built up in the valve85, the.

connection between pipes 19 and 85 is shut'and the connection between the pipes19and-29'is opened. Fluid under pressure then passes from pipe 19 through check valve 85, through pipe 29 stock is oit center as shown in Fig. 2,:the rail-s 2| will be in such position that a shell 1W on the..

rails Y; may easily, f beepushed onto the mandrel.; While the tailstock is in such/position, afturned shell maybe pulled oiythe. mandrel onto .the `rails from where-zit can easily be` removed. After: one shell is retrievedv another shell is put. onthe'rails; loaded onto `the mandrel,.andv thenthe sequence of operation-.can beinitiated for .bringing the tail# stockybachinto place, moving the vcenter into engagement withrthefshell, and then locking .the tailstock..

lIn Figs: 5,:6,l 7 and there-is shownramodied construction whichfrelates tothe means for lock-1 ing thetailstccklagainst movement when the tail.y stock is in suchpos-it-ion that the tailstock center is at the axisofthewmandrel. Thus in the modi-v fication of Figs. ltot, the-locking gibis replaced byiclamping means `to be.described hereinafter.

In Figs 5--to-8, there is shown .a carriage. 90 slidably *mounted-:onf the Ybed/of the lathe Ainf any suitable manner.. Slidahly mounted: on the carriage for .transversemovement is a tailstock-9'Iv.4 The-.tailstock 9| may ',be'substantially similar to the one.:Y described above, and is provided with `a tailstockcenterbperated in the manner similar to thatdescribedginfFigs..1,to 4. The carriage is provided with.v atransverse throughv opening 92. Itis also provided'withr a projection 93fhaving a flat. horizontal top surface 94 and a :downwardly and inwardly :inclined lower surface 95. The tailstock'QI is=formed with av portion- 96` slidably mounted'oni surface 94 :and rformed with a projection 91 complementary to projection 93- and formedywithan upwardly andinwardly inclined surface f 99'. lilngagingrtheI projections 93, 91 `is a forked clamprmember 99. Member 99 has top and .bottcm'rarmsl.Hill,r IBI interconnected by a vertical .portion:.;||i2. Arm I Il'has a lowerl inclined surface [00a contacting surface 98. Arm

19| hasf-anfincline surfacelUIa-contacting the surface 95. Projection 91 is of greater length than the projection 93f as .shown in Fig. G'of the` drawing; Portion |02 -*of 'the clamp 99V is formed with a; screw threadedk opening |03. Extending through opening 92 vis a rod |94 having a screwxthreadedfendportion -I screwed 'within the threadedsopening |83 and riveted over at its end'itozthefclamp as indicated by numeral |96.'

The-carriage 90 is formedwith, a countersunk.

or enlarged: opening |01 communicating with the. through opening 93. Projecting into opening|01 is a sleeve |08 formed with a collar |09y contactingfan internal shoulder III)` at the opening [91. Sleeve" 08 isrformed with external threads ||2. Onsaid sleeve is a'thrust bearing H3 contacting a side'of'the carriage.

The outer end of rod..|94 is screwthreaded..as at ||1.' Lock nuts IIB on the screw li'fhreaded portion ll1'serve to clamp the sleeve. withni The .thrust bearing. M3 is inter-A openingV |91; posed between the nut H4. and the carriage, as

purpose hereinafter explained.

Onthe carriageis a horizontal cylinder |25.; At the On one .end of the cylinder is a head |26. other endof the. cylinder is a throughvopening |21.

Extending through opening r|21 into the cylinder is,.-apiston rod |28. On the'piston rod |28. and:

within thecylinder l#2511s ay piston |30, Con.-

nected to thecylindersl 25,:.andongone side vof the:

piston, isz-saidpipe Stand connected to said cylin- Surrounding the sleeve` 1s nut H4 contacting .the thrust bearing and. having threads [I5 engaging the threads. H2'.r

v `transverse pivot pin I 36.

`|2|^vvith pin |36 is a link |31.

l rection, looking at Fig. 8.

Y cylinder.

l passing through a bore |3| in the carriage.

der 'and communicating with the opposite side of the piston, is said pipe 63,V Y

1 Screwed `to one end: of the piston rodr |28 is a connecting member-|35. Member |35 carries a Interconnecting the pin It will now be understood that-when liquid under pressure passes through pipe 63, piston |30 will be moved to the right,thereby rotatingthe nut'in a clockwise di- Such a movement will cause sleeve |03 to be moved to the left, lookingat Fig. 6, for pulling rod |04 to the left, thereby causing clamp |02 to clamp the tailstock tothe carriage. When liquid underA pressure enters `through pipe 62, piston |30 Will move to the left,

looking at Fig. 8. If liquid under pressure enters pipe 62, piston |30 will move to the left, looking l of clamp. The clamp of Fig. 9 is the same as the clamp of Figs. to 8, except that the clamp is directly connected to a piston within a hydraulic Thus in Fig. 9, numeral V99 designates a-clamp to clamp the tailstock to the carriage. Connected to clamp 99 is a horizontal rod |30 The rod is connected to a piston 33 within a cylinder |34. At the opposite ends of the cylinder are heads and |36. The head |36 is formed with a -passage |31 communicating with the interior of the cylinderfon one side of the piston'. The head l |35 is formed with a passage |38 communicating 1 with-the cylinder on the opposite side of the piston. YConnected to passage |31 is said pipe 63. Connectedto passage |33 is said pipe 62. When l iluid enters the cylinder through pipe 63, piston |33 will be moved to the left to clamp the clamp 90. When iiuid enters pipe 62, the clamp is released.

It will thus be seen that there is provided adevice in which the several objects of this invention are achieved, and which is Well adapted to meet the conditions of practical use.

As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention, and .as` various changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understoodthat all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawing is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting stock, a tailstock center xed tothe last-mentioned cylinder, a second piston in the second cylinder, means to connect the second piston to the ftailstock, a clamp for clamping the tailstock to the carriage, a'third cylinder on the carriage, a

third piston in the third cylinder, means to connect the third piston to the locking means, and means to rst supplyliquid under pressure to one side of the piston in therst cylinder tomovethe tailstock to a position where the tailstockcenter.

will become alignedwwith thenaxis of the lathe,

` then pumpliquid under pressure to one side of the piston in the second cylinder to move the tailstock center into engagement with a work piece, and then supply liquid to one side of the piston in thev third cylinder, to lock the lockingV means. 2.'In' a lathe having a bed, a carriage longithe piston to the tailstock, a cylinder on the taill tudinally movable on the bed, a tailstock transversely movable on `the carriage, a cylinder'on the carriage, a piston in the cylinder, means to connect the piston tothe tailstock, a cylinder on the tailstock, ay tailstock center xed to the last-mentioned cylinder, a second piston in the second cylinder, means to connect the second piston to the tailstock, a clamp for clamping the tailstock to the carriage, a third cylinder on the carriage, a Athird piston in the third cylinder, means to connect the third piston to the locking means, means to iirst supply liquid under pressure to-one side of the piston in the first cylinderto move the tailstock to a position where the tailstock center will become aligned with the axis of the lathe, then pump liquid under pressure to one side of the piston in the second cylinder to move the tailstock center into engagement with a work piece, and then supply liquid to one side of -the piston in the third cylinder, to lock the locking means, and manually controlled means to thereafter supply liquid to the other side of the piston in the second cylinder for retracting the tailstock center, then supply liquid runder pressure to the other side'oi the piston in the third cylinder for releasing the locking means, and then supply liquid to the other side of the piston in the rst cylinder to move the tailstock from a position Where the tailstock center is in alignment with the axis of the lathe to an oiTset position relative thereto.

3. In a lathe'equipped with a slidable tailstock and a slidable'tailstock center slidablymounted on saidv tailstock, in combination, releasable locking means to lock said slidable tailstock; first operating means for sliding said slidable tailstock; `second operating means for sliding said tailstock center; third operating means for operating said locking means; first actuating means connected with said iirst operating means for manual actuation of thesame; second actuating means serving for actuating said second operating means and inuenced by said first actuating means so as to automatically actuate said second operating means at the end of operation of said rst actuating means; and third actuating means serving for actuating said third Vactuating means and connected with said second actuating meansY in such a manner as to be automatically actuated by the same after start of operation of said second actuating means. Y

4. In a lathe equipped with a slidable tailstock and a slidable tailstock center slidably Vmounted on said tailstock, in combination, releasable locking means to lock said slidable tailstock; manually operable operating means for sliding said slidable tailstock; iirst 'automatic operating means for sliding said tailstock center constructed so as to be actuated by said manually operable operating means so as to automatically start sliding of said slidabletailstock center the moment sliding of said slidable tailstock isV terminated; and second automatic operating means for operating said locking means combined with*` on said tailstock, in combination, releasable lockfor'operating said locking :means combined with 9 10 said manual operating means for sliding said REFERENCES CITED tailstock center so as to be actuated by said man- The following references are of record in the ually operable operating means the moment sldme of this patent. ing of said tailstock center is terminated; and second automatic operating means for sliding 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS said slidable tailstock combined with said rst Number Name Date automatic operating means so as to be actuated Re- 22 621 Groene Man 20 1945 by said first automatic operating means after 1035784 `(meenleaf Aug 13 1912 termination of operation of the same. 1981263 Croft NOV' 20 1934 SECONDO L- CASELLA' 10 2,473,093 conn June 14, 1949 ROBERT KURZWEIL.

JUVENTINO JOSE PESQUEIRA.

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