US2478043A - Treatment of wheat, rye, and other cereals, and bran - Google Patents
Treatment of wheat, rye, and other cereals, and bran Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2478043A US2478043A US410078A US41007841A US2478043A US 2478043 A US2478043 A US 2478043A US 410078 A US410078 A US 410078A US 41007841 A US41007841 A US 41007841A US 2478043 A US2478043 A US 2478043A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wheat
- bran
- bleaching
- treatment
- cereals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title description 28
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title description 28
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 title description 20
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 14
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- NHYCGSASNAIGLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine monoxide Chemical compound Cl[O] NHYCGSASNAIGLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPYKUZBSLRQECL-UKMVMLAPSA-N Lycopene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1C(=C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=C)CCCC2(C)C UPYKUZBSLRQECL-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001746 carotenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005473 carotenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical class OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- QEHKBHWEUPXBCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen trichloride Chemical compound ClN(Cl)Cl QEHKBHWEUPXBCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin A aldehyde Natural products O=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical class Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 that is to say Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/36—Vegetable material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/02—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding inorganic substances
Definitions
- the invention relates to the treatment of wheat, rye and other cereals and bran for the purpose of improving the quality and colour of flours made fronrsuch cereals and for the purpose of bleaching bran.
- flour may be bleached, and a variety of chemical agents are known for the purpose, such as chlorine, the oxides of chlorine, hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen trichloride.
- the bleaching eilect is probably due to the conversion of the carotene or related yellow colouring matter of the flour into an oxidised or addition compound which is colourless.
- bran powder is unavoidably and unextractably mixed with the flour and the colour of the flour is to a large extent due to the admixture with it of the bran powder.
- the known flour bleaching agents do not affect the colour due to the presence of the bran powder in the flour, and some agents, such for example as nitrogen tri-chloride, actually accentuate it.
- bran and wheat with sulphur dioxide or stannous chloride, that is to say, substances which are chemical reducing or oxygen removing agents, applied in various ways, but while bran is effectively bleached the endosperm is ruined for baking purposes if the agents are applied to the whole grain.
- the whole wheat before milling or the bran separately is treated not with reducing agents but with oxidising agents in the presence of moisture whereby the product is bleached and in the case of wheat the baking properties of the endosperm are not affected or are improved.
- the bleaching agent may consist of oxides of chlorine, either chlorine dioxide in a gaseous form or in solution, or chlorine monoxide as a gas or in a solution as hypochlorous acid or hypo-chlorites.
- the oxides of chlorine used in the bleaching it treatment of the wheat or other cereal or bran may be produced in any suitable manner.
- chlorine dioxide may be produced by the use of substances which act as carriers thereof, such as sodium chlorite or other chlorites.
- the gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide and chlorine produced according to the process and by apparatus of the kind described in the specification of the application Serial No. 254,117, new Patent No. 2,344,346, may advantageously be used.
- the gas or gas mixture may however be produced in any suitable manner,
- the process may be carried out in a number of ways, either by preliminarily damping the wheat with a solution of the bleaching gas or by adding the bleaching gas to the water used to wash the wheat, or by applying the bleaching gas to the wet wheat after washing, care being taken in each case to ensure against the endosperm being deleteriously aiiected by the gas so that in effect only the pigment in the husk is bleached by the gas. It is found that bran resulting from wheat treated according to the process of the invention or bran that has been treated alone separately from the wheat is of improved colour and after removal of any gas remaining, as by washing or aspiration, it is free from taint or other objection.
- the wheat or other cereal treated in accordance with the process of the invention is sterilised and that the possibility of the occurrence of rope in bread produced from flour made from this wheat is avoided.
- Flour milled from wheat so treated, particularly from. red wheat is of improved colour, and low grade flour, by reason of the bleaching of the bran powder resulting from the bleaching of the husk of the wheat, is greatly enhanced in colour without detriment to the flour.
- the invention is not limited to the manner in ,which the oxidising treatment on the wheat, or
- any convenient apparatus may be used provided that in the treatment sufiicient contact is obtained between the oxidising reagent and the wheat or other cereal or bran; thus the gas in dilute condition may be passed through the vessel in which the wheat or other cereal is being preliminarily damped or washed in known manner.
- the proportions of the oxidising agent used with wheat may in general be from 2 to 8 ozs. per 280 lbs, but the amount required depends upon the extent of the bleaching intended. The precise quantity for bleaching to the extent required may be determined by trial. In general the oxidising agent may be used in quantity sufficient to bleach the wheat to the colour of socalled white whea When using chlorine dioxide dilution with air is essential.
- a method of treating wheat, rye and other cereals consisting in bleaching the pigment of the husk of the cereal before milling by the action of an oxide of chlorine, in the presence of moisture sufficient to permit the de-colourising reaction, but insufficient to afiect the properties of the grain in the subsequent milling operation.
- a method of treating wheat consisting in bleaching the pigment of the husk of wheat before milling by the action of an oxide of chlorine in a proportion varying from 2 to 8 ozs. per 280 lbs. in the presence of moisture sufilcient to permit the de-colourisation but insufficient to affect the properties of the grain in the subsequent milling operation.
- a method of treating wheat, rye and other cereals consisting in bleaching the pigment of the husk of the cereal before milling, by the action of an oxide of chlorine, aiter first damping the husk with a solution of an oxide of chlorine in water, to an extent sufficient to permit the de-colourising reaction, but insuflicient to affect the properties of the grain in the subsequent milling operation.
- a method of treating wheat, rye and other cereals consisting in bleaching the pigment of the husk of the cereal before milling, by the action of an oxide of chlorine, by actin thereon with a carrier of chlorine dioxide of the type represented by the chlorites, in th presence of moisture sufiicient to permit the de-colourisation reaction, but insufficient to afiect the properties of the grain in the subsequent milling operation.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Noodles (AREA)
Description
Patented Aug. 2, 1949 TREATMENT OF WHEAT, RYE, AND OTHER CEREALS, AND BEAN Cyril Harry Evans, Snaresbrook.
London, England No Drawing. Application rial No. 410,078. In Gre September 8, 1941, Seat Britain January 23,.
Section 3, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires January 23, 19.60
4 Claims. (Cl. 99-232) The invention relates to the treatment of wheat, rye and other cereals and bran for the purpose of improving the quality and colour of flours made fronrsuch cereals and for the purpose of bleaching bran.
It is known in the milling industry that flour may be bleached, and a variety of chemical agents are known for the purpose, such as chlorine, the oxides of chlorine, hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen trichloride. The bleaching eilect is probably due to the conversion of the carotene or related yellow colouring matter of the flour into an oxidised or addition compound which is colourless. In the case however of low grades of flour bran powder is unavoidably and unextractably mixed with the flour and the colour of the flour is to a large extent due to the admixture with it of the bran powder. The known flour bleaching agents do not affect the colour due to the presence of the bran powder in the flour, and some agents, such for example as nitrogen tri-chloride, actually accentuate it. There are however certain bleaching agents which are efiective to bleach both the carotene or related pigment and the bran pigments but the amount of such agents needed to bleach the bran is so much greater than the amount necessary to bleach the flour that the treatment deleteriously afiects the flour with respect particularly to its bakin properties.
It is known to bleach bran and wheat with sulphur dioxide or stannous chloride, that is to say, substances which are chemical reducing or oxygen removing agents, applied in various ways, but while bran is effectively bleached the endosperm is ruined for baking purposes if the agents are applied to the whole grain.
According to the invention the whole wheat before milling or the bran separately is treated not with reducing agents but with oxidising agents in the presence of moisture whereby the product is bleached and in the case of wheat the baking properties of the endosperm are not affected or are improved.
According to the invention moreover, the bleaching agent may consist of oxides of chlorine, either chlorine dioxide in a gaseous form or in solution, or chlorine monoxide as a gas or in a solution as hypochlorous acid or hypo-chlorites.
The oxides of chlorine used in the bleaching it treatment of the wheat or other cereal or bran may be produced in any suitable manner. Thus, chlorine dioxide may be produced by the use of substances which act as carriers thereof, such as sodium chlorite or other chlorites. The gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide and chlorine produced according to the process and by apparatus of the kind described in the specification of the application Serial No. 254,117, new Patent No. 2,344,346, may advantageously be used. The gas or gas mixture may however be produced in any suitable manner,
In carrying the invention into effect in the treatment of wheat, the process may be carried out in a number of ways, either by preliminarily damping the wheat with a solution of the bleaching gas or by adding the bleaching gas to the water used to wash the wheat, or by applying the bleaching gas to the wet wheat after washing, care being taken in each case to ensure against the endosperm being deleteriously aiiected by the gas so that in effect only the pigment in the husk is bleached by the gas. It is found that bran resulting from wheat treated according to the process of the invention or bran that has been treated alone separately from the wheat is of improved colour and after removal of any gas remaining, as by washing or aspiration, it is free from taint or other objection. It has furthermore been found that the wheat or other cereal treated in accordance with the process of the invention is sterilised and that the possibility of the occurrence of rope in bread produced from flour made from this wheat is avoided. Flour milled from wheat so treated, particularly from. red wheat, is of improved colour, and low grade flour, by reason of the bleaching of the bran powder resulting from the bleaching of the husk of the wheat, is greatly enhanced in colour without detriment to the flour.
The invention is not limited to the manner in ,which the oxidising treatment on the wheat, or
other cereal or bran may be carried out and any convenient apparatus may be used provided that in the treatment sufiicient contact is obtained between the oxidising reagent and the wheat or other cereal or bran; thus the gas in dilute condition may be passed through the vessel in which the wheat or other cereal is being preliminarily damped or washed in known manner.
The proportions of the oxidising agent used with wheat may in general be from 2 to 8 ozs. per 280 lbs, but the amount required depends upon the extent of the bleaching intended. The precise quantity for bleaching to the extent required may be determined by trial. In general the oxidising agent may be used in quantity sufficient to bleach the wheat to the colour of socalled white whea When using chlorine dioxide dilution with air is essential.
When using a gas it is convenient to bring the I claim:
1. A method of treating wheat, rye and other cereals, consisting in bleaching the pigment of the husk of the cereal before milling by the action of an oxide of chlorine, in the presence of moisture sufficient to permit the de-colourising reaction, but insufficient to afiect the properties of the grain in the subsequent milling operation.
2. A method of treating wheat, consisting in bleaching the pigment of the husk of wheat before milling by the action of an oxide of chlorine in a proportion varying from 2 to 8 ozs. per 280 lbs. in the presence of moisture sufilcient to permit the de-colourisation but insufficient to affect the properties of the grain in the subsequent milling operation.
3. A method of treating wheat, rye and other cereals, consisting in bleaching the pigment of the husk of the cereal before milling, by the action of an oxide of chlorine, aiter first damping the husk with a solution of an oxide of chlorine in water, to an extent sufficient to permit the de-colourising reaction, but insuflicient to affect the properties of the grain in the subsequent milling operation.
4. A method of treating wheat, rye and other cereals, consisting in bleaching the pigment of the husk of the cereal before milling, by the action of an oxide of chlorine, by actin thereon with a carrier of chlorine dioxide of the type represented by the chlorites, in th presence of moisture sufiicient to permit the de-colourisation reaction, but insufficient to afiect the properties of the grain in the subsequent milling operation.
CYRIL HARRY EVANS.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Sodium Chlorite, Properties and Reaction in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, July 1940, pages 899 through 903.
' Cereal Chemistry, November,1941, pages 699 through 704.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2478043X | 1940-01-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2478043A true US2478043A (en) | 1949-08-02 |
Family
ID=10907945
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US410078A Expired - Lifetime US2478043A (en) | 1940-01-23 | 1941-09-08 | Treatment of wheat, rye, and other cereals, and bran |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2478043A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2566941A (en) * | 1945-12-06 | 1951-09-04 | Dansk Gaerings Industri As | Method and agent for controlling undesirable fermentation in cheese |
| US2630392A (en) * | 1949-08-31 | 1953-03-03 | Kleijn | Treatment of flour and similar ground products |
| DE954231C (en) * | 1949-08-31 | 1956-12-13 | Adrianus Kleijn | Process for treating wheat and rye flour or similar milled products |
| US2953460A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1960-09-20 | Baker Process Company | Process and apparatus for preparing dough |
| US3203810A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1965-08-31 | Gen Foods Corp | Bleaching yellow cron flour |
| US4844924A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1989-07-04 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Esterified dietary fiber products and methods |
| US5085880A (en) * | 1989-09-21 | 1992-02-04 | Atochem | Process for the preparation of bleached vegetable pulps |
| US5094866A (en) * | 1989-06-05 | 1992-03-10 | Atochem | Bleaching of vegetable pulps |
| US5275833A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1994-01-04 | Schmidt Edward D | Removing green color from and reducing flavor levels of fibrous and other granular material |
| US20070054016A1 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2007-03-08 | Metzger Lloyd E | Bleached grain and grain products and methods of preparation |
| US20140227390A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2014-08-14 | Diversey, Inc. | Methods to decontaminate cereal grains with chlorine dioxide |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB263760A (en) * | 1925-12-23 | 1928-01-12 | Erich Staudt | Process for sterilising, ageing and bleaching flour, meal and the like |
| US1910741A (en) * | 1929-10-08 | 1933-05-23 | Naamlooze Vennootschap Stooom | Process for improving the color and the baking quality of flour, meal, and milling products |
| US1957688A (en) * | 1929-06-22 | 1934-05-08 | Gen Mills Inc | Treatment of grain products |
| US2043284A (en) * | 1934-11-08 | 1936-06-09 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| US2163793A (en) * | 1937-06-08 | 1939-06-27 | Mathieson Alkall Works Inc | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| US2235837A (en) * | 1937-09-01 | 1941-03-25 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Bleaching cellulose |
| US2379335A (en) * | 1941-03-01 | 1945-06-26 | Novadel Agene Corp | Treatment of cereals |
-
1941
- 1941-09-08 US US410078A patent/US2478043A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB263760A (en) * | 1925-12-23 | 1928-01-12 | Erich Staudt | Process for sterilising, ageing and bleaching flour, meal and the like |
| US1957688A (en) * | 1929-06-22 | 1934-05-08 | Gen Mills Inc | Treatment of grain products |
| US1910741A (en) * | 1929-10-08 | 1933-05-23 | Naamlooze Vennootschap Stooom | Process for improving the color and the baking quality of flour, meal, and milling products |
| US2043284A (en) * | 1934-11-08 | 1936-06-09 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| US2163793A (en) * | 1937-06-08 | 1939-06-27 | Mathieson Alkall Works Inc | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| US2235837A (en) * | 1937-09-01 | 1941-03-25 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Bleaching cellulose |
| US2379335A (en) * | 1941-03-01 | 1945-06-26 | Novadel Agene Corp | Treatment of cereals |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2566941A (en) * | 1945-12-06 | 1951-09-04 | Dansk Gaerings Industri As | Method and agent for controlling undesirable fermentation in cheese |
| US2630392A (en) * | 1949-08-31 | 1953-03-03 | Kleijn | Treatment of flour and similar ground products |
| DE954231C (en) * | 1949-08-31 | 1956-12-13 | Adrianus Kleijn | Process for treating wheat and rye flour or similar milled products |
| US2953460A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1960-09-20 | Baker Process Company | Process and apparatus for preparing dough |
| US3203810A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1965-08-31 | Gen Foods Corp | Bleaching yellow cron flour |
| US5275833A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1994-01-04 | Schmidt Edward D | Removing green color from and reducing flavor levels of fibrous and other granular material |
| US4844924A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1989-07-04 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Esterified dietary fiber products and methods |
| US5094866A (en) * | 1989-06-05 | 1992-03-10 | Atochem | Bleaching of vegetable pulps |
| US5085880A (en) * | 1989-09-21 | 1992-02-04 | Atochem | Process for the preparation of bleached vegetable pulps |
| US20070054016A1 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2007-03-08 | Metzger Lloyd E | Bleached grain and grain products and methods of preparation |
| US20140227390A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2014-08-14 | Diversey, Inc. | Methods to decontaminate cereal grains with chlorine dioxide |
| US9622495B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2017-04-18 | Diversey, Inc. | Methods to decontaminate cereal grains with chlorine dioxide |
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