US2421656A - Photographic justifying apparatus - Google Patents

Description

June 3, 1947. c. c. SMlTH PHOTOGRAPHIG JUSTIFYING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 27, 1944 IN VEN T OR Qua /{M W A TTORNE Y June 3, 1947. c, SMI H 2,421,656

PHOTOGRAPHIC JUSTIFYING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 27, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 THIS LINE OF TYPEHRITING IS 0? FULL LENGTH AND DOES NOT NEED JUSTIFICATION.

1 I30: I B y I ms um: 0F TYPEWRITING rs or FULL LENGTH AND oozs rm NEED JUSTIFICATION. Q

FIG]. 2b. I v w THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING IS SHORT BY ONE SPACE AND REQUIRES JUSTIFICATION.

IH'IS LINE OF TYPEWRITING IS SHORT BY ONE SPACE AND REQUIRES JUSTIFICATION.

Fl. 2c.

' 25 THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING LACKS TWO SPACES AND WILL REQUIRE JUSTIFICATION. r I

I I /3,5 I

I I THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING LACKS TWO SPACES AND WILL REQUIRE JUSTIFICATION. D

FIG. 2d.

THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING LACKS THREE SPACES AND WILL NEED JUSTIFICATION.

I I I THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING LACKS THREE SPACES AND WILL NEED JUSTIFICATION. 1

THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING LACKS FOUR SPACES AND WILL NEED JUSTIFICATION. I I I /3e I THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING LACKS FOUR SPACES AND WILL NEED JUSTIFICATION.

FIG. 2;. 4 f" 25 THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING LACKS FIVE SPACES AND REQUIRES JUSTIFICATION. l

' /3f I I THIS LINE OF TYPEWRITING LACKS FIVE SPACES AND REQUIRES JUSTIFICATION. A I INVENTOR i g?! ATTORNEY June 3, 1947. v c. c. SMITH 2,421,656

PHOTOGRAPHIC JUSTIFYING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 27, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ATTORNEY June 3, 1947. c. c. SMITH PHOTOGRAPHIC JUSTIFYING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 27, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 A TTOHNE Y m w /W Patented June 3, 1947 PHOTOGRAPHIC JUSTIFYING APPARATUS Clarence C. Smith, Flushing, N. Y., assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application October 27, 1944, Serial No. 560,547

11 Claims.

This invention relates to photographic justifying apparatus of the type wherein lines of typewriting on a copy sheet are successively photographed, line-by-line and at a predetermined justified length, on a suitable light-sensitive medium, such as a film or plate. As is well known, a film or plate exposed in such a manner and bearing the lines of photographed data at the justified length, may be used advantageously in offset printing.

An object of this invention is to provide apparatus f the type referred to, which is relatively simple in its construction and which is highly effective in its operation.

A further object is to provide apparatus of the above type which is composed of relatively few parts and which is durable and dependable in operation and one which is very unlikely to get out of order.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the several elements of a photographic justifying apparatus constituting one preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2a is a plan view showing one transparent element of a lens means forming a part of the apparatus shown in land illustrating that a line of typewritin-g of a predetermined justified length is not varied in length when viewed through such element;

Figs, 2b to 2/ inclusive are plan views showin respectively, five difierent cylindrical lenses which are also transparent elements of the lens means forming a part of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, and. which are formed with different degrees of curvature so that a line of typewriting when viewed through the different lenses is elongated different amounts;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic View illustrating a modified form of photographic justifying appara tus;

Fig. 4. is a fragmentary elevation illustrating somewhat diagrammatically a part of the apparatus shown in Fig, 3, the plane of the view being indicated by the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary plan, the plane of the view being indicated by the line 55 of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary plan view of the lens means used to elongate the lines of typewriting in the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.

Referring now in detail to the construction illustrated and first to the embodiment shown in Fig. l and Figs. 2a to 2f inclusive, the photographic justifying apparatus disclosed therein,

comprises generally a device I0 which is operable to hold a copy sheet II bearing lines of typewriting thereon and also to successively move such lines into a photographing position; a camera I2 operable to photograph successively the lines of typewriting on the copy sheet as they occupy the photographing position; and a lens means I3 which is interposed between the camera I2 and the copy and is movable along a path extending transversely of the optical axis indicated by the dot-and-dash line A, and which is so constructed that as it is so moved the line of typewriting occupying the photographing position, as viewed by the camera through such lens means, varies progressively in length. Means is also provided for selectively positioning the lens means I3 along its path of movement, so that each line occupying the photographic position can be photographed on a film at a predetermined justified length.

The copy to be photographically justified is prepared on a typewriter having book type and at a speed which should be very little, if any, less than is usually had in the preparing of typewritten matter in the normal manner. As in conventional typing, the left-hand margin is maintained the same for all lines, except, of course, where the line is indented such for example as a line beginning a paragraph or a heading. With the exception of lines ending a paragraph, headings, and similar necessarily shorter lines which do not need to be justified, the variation in the right-hand margin of all lines is kept within five letter spaces, ranging from a predetermined extreme right-hand letter space position to a position five letter spaces shorter. It is believed that a typist can do this with little if any sacrifice in speed. Those lines which end at such extreme ri ht-hand letter space positions also require no justification. An example of such a line appears at I5 above the transparent element I3a shown in Fig, 2a.. Lines which are shorter than the one shown in Fig, 2a and which are within the five letter space range are the ones requiring justification. Examples of the latter are indicated at I6, I I, I8, I9, and 20, appearing, respectively above the lenses I3b, I30, I3d, I32, and I3 shown in Figs. 2b to 2f inclusive.

For the purpose of controlling the operation of the justifying apparatus, in a manner which will presently appear, a black control spot 25 is placed at a certain fixed distance from the last character in the maximum length line I5 shown in Fig. 2a and at the same fixed distance from the last character in each of the lines IS, IT, I8, I9 and 20 shown in Figs. 2b to 2] as requiring justification. In the very much shorter lines referred to above as requiring no justification, like the last line in a paragraph, the black control spot is placed in the same letter space position a it would be placed were the line of the maxi- 3 mum length, like the line I5. The typist places the black control spot in the places indicated by means of a special type element on the typewriter which is provided forthis purpose and which is operated by one of the little used keys of the typewriter.

In so far as the broader aspects of the present invention are concerned, the device III for holding and positioning the copy sheet II may be of any suitable construction. It is herein shown as comprising a Cylindrical platen member 226 rotatably supported on a shaft 21, and a pair of pressure rollers 28 and 29 rotatably supported on the shafts 353 and M, respectively, and holding the sheet ii in position against the platen 23. A feed ratchet 30 is fixed to the end of the platen 26 and is operated by a pawl 3| under the control of a line-spacing solenoid 32, to feed the lines of typewriting on the copy sheet successively into photographing position.

The camera I2 may be of any suitable construction and is shown herein as comprising a holder for a suitable roll type film which holder includes a supply spool 36 and a storage spool 31. The camera also comprises an objective lens 38 positioned to focus on the film 35 an image of the line of typewriting in photographing position. The camera also includes a wall element 39 having a mask opening 49 which confines the area of film exposed to that just sufiicient for photographing a line at the predetermined justified length and without the control spot 25 appearing on the film. A shutter operating element H is slidably mounted on the camera and is connected by a pin 62 to an armature 43 of a shutter controlling solenoid 44. The film 35 is held in position against the back of the wall 39 by suitable pressure rolls 44 and 45 mounted to rotate on axles 45. The film 35 is advanced or line-spaced by a feed pawl 47 coacting with a ratchet 58 fixed to the end of the storage roll 3?. The pawl G7 is operated by the solenoid 49.

The lens means I3 is shown in Fig. l as comprising the six transparent elements Ilia, ISb, I30, 33d, I3c, and f, mounted in juxtaposed relation in a holder The holder 58 is supported by the outer end of one arm BI of a bell crank 52, and the latter is fulcrumed on a suitably supported fixed shaft 53 and is formed with a second arm carrying a roller 55 at its outer end which is constantly held in engagement with the peripheral face of a specially designed cam 55. The cam 55 is mounted on a shaft 5'! which may be rotated by a suitable means (not shown).

The cam 55 is formed with a low cylindrical dwell portion 55 a high cylindrical dwell portion 560., and four pairs of intermediate cylindrical dwell portions 551) 55c, 56d, and 552, respectively, which are between the low dwell portion and the hi h dwell portion 56a with the dwell portions of each pair being on opposite sides of the cam. The radii of curvature of the cylindrical dwell portions increase progressively in equal amounts from the low dwell portion 55, to the high dwell portion When the roller engages the high dwell portion 55a the holder 5*] is in the position where the transparent lens element l 3a li s across the optical axis A and all portions of the line of typewriting in photographin' position are viewed by the camera lens through such element 53a. When the roller engages either of portions 561), the element I312 lies across the axis A. Likewise, with the roller 55 engaging either of the portions 55c, 56d, and 55e, the elements I3 2, I312, and I3e, respectively,

lie across the optical axis A; and, with the roller 55 engaging the low dwell portion 55f, the element i3) is across the optical axis A and thereby covers the line of typewriting in photographing position. It is, therefore, apparent that, as the cam 55 is rotated the lens elements I3a to I3 inclusive are moved successively into positions where they cover the line in photographing position. All of the dwell portions are formed as cylindrical surfaces so that each of their related elements I30. to I31 inclusive is held in position covering the line of typewriting for sufiicient time to permit such line to be photographed through each of such elements.

The six transparent elements I3a to I3 of the lens means I3 appear separately in plan in Figs. to 2 inclusive. It is noted that in each or" these views a line of typewriting, as it will appear on the copy sheet, is shown above the lens element shown therein and below such lens element the same line appears as it will when viewed through such element by the camer lens 39. The element I3a is in the form of a glass prism rectangular in cross section. Consequently, the line I5, which is of full length and does not require justification, is shown in Fig. 2a as being the same in length both above and below the element I3a. The elements I3b to I3 inclusive are each formed as cylindrical lenses and are adapted to be arranged so that the flat sides thereof will lie next to the line to be photographed and the curved sides toward the camera. The radii of curvature of the lenses I3b, I 30, I3d, !3e, and I3 are progressively smaller considered in the order named, and consequently these lenses function to magnify the length of a line progressively increasing amounts in the order named. The centers about which the cylindrical surfaces of the elements Kit) to I3f are formed all lie within a line B passing through the left-hand ends of the lens elements as viewed in Figs. 2b to 2f. Consequently, the left-hand margin of all lines does not appear displaced when viewed through any of the lens elements 3a to I3f inclusive. The lenses I32) to I 3 inclusive are so formed that a line of typewriting is elongated one letter space when viewed through the lens element I31), two letter spaces when viewed through the element I30, three letter spaces when viewed through I3d, four spaces through lens element 13c, and five spaces when viewed through the lens element I 3f. It will be apparent from an examination of Figs. 2a to 2 that for the purposes or" illustration the length of the line appearing above each of the lens elements I3a, to I 3 inclusive has been so chosen that when each such line is viewed through its lens element by the camera lens such line appears to be the predetermined justified length.

Control means is provided for automatically operating the camera to photograph the line in photographing position when the particular lens element which will elongate such line so that it will appear to the camera lens .38 at the predetermined justified length, is positioned across the optical axis and covers such line. This control means comprises the above-mentioned control spot 25 located at the fixed distance from the last character in each line, and also comprises a light-sensitive cell 60, a collimating means 6| which restricts the light rays affecting the cell 68 to those flowing through the lens means I 3 and emanating from a part of the copy sheet which is in longitudinal alignment with the line in photographing position and at the righthand margin adjacent its control spot 25. The eollimating means BI is so arranged and directed that when the particular element of the lens means is in front of the line in photographing position which makes such line appear at the justified length to the camera lens 38, the control spot 25 at the end of such line appears through such particular lens element at a point where it interrupts the flow of light rays through the collimating means 6| to the cell 60. The control means also includes electrical relays and circuits afiected by the just mentioned change in flow of light rays to the cell and are operable when so affected to actuate the camera and then line-space the copy sheet II and film 35.

g The operation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 will be apparent. With the cam 56 rotating in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1, the lens means I3 is moved in steps back and forth across the optical axis A. When the element of the lens means is positioned in front of the line of typewriting in photographing position which makes such line appear at the predetermined justified length to the camera lens 38, the control spot in such line interrupts the flow of light rays to the cell 60 and thereby deenergizes a relay 62. As a result, the switch 63 is closed by a suitable spring and thereby causes electric current to-flow from a suitable source (not shown) through a positive conductor 64, a conductor 65, the solenoid 44 and to the negative conductor 66, thereby energizing the solenoid 44 and operating the shutter of the camera to photograph the line in photographing position. The solenoid 44 when operated also closes the switch 61 and thereby connects the solenoid 49 nd the solenoid 32 across the electric power source. The solenoid 49 acting through the pawl 41 and ratchet 4B line-spaces the fihn 35, and the solenoid 32 acting through the pawl 3i and ratchet 30 linespaces the copy sheet II to bring the next line of typewriting into photographing position. The just-described operation occurs while the roller 55 is in contact with a cylindrical dwell portion of the cam 56. The movement of the copy sheet results in the control spot passing out of line with the collimating means SI and the light rays again flow and energize the cell 60, and the latter through the amplifier unit 68 again energizes the relay 62 to open the switch 63 and deenergize solenoids 44, 49, and 32. With the next line in photographing position, the operation just described is repeated.

In Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive, a modified form of photographic justifying apparatus is disclosed. The main difference between the apparatus shown in Figs. 3 to 6 and the previously described modification lies in the construction of the lens means H3 and in the means for supporting and moving the lens means H3 across the optical axis A. The construction and operation of the copy holder and camera are exactly the same in both modifications and consequently the same reference characters are used to identify the parts thereof.

In Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive, the lens means H3 comprises one transparent element which is sub stantially twice the length of any one element of the previously described lens means I3. The lefthand half H30. of the lens element H3 is formed as a glass prism, rectangular in cross section, and is constructed substantially the same in its dimensions as the lens element l3a of Fig. 2a. The right-hand half I I 3f of the lens element I I3 is formed as a cylindrical lens with its length and radius of curvature the same as lens element I3f of Fig. 2 It is, therefore, apparent that with the portion I I3a fully covering a line of typewriting held in photographing position, there will be substantially no change in its dimensions as it appears through the portion H311, to the camera lens 38, and that with the portion H3) fully covering a line, as shown in Fig. 6, such line will appear to the camera lens 38 to be elongated for the maximum required amount, herein assumed to be five character spaces. Thus, with a line of typewriting occupying a photographing position and starting with the part H3a fully covering such line, if the lens means H3 is moved toward the left as viewed in Figs. 4 and 6 and in a path extending in the same direction as the line of typewriting, progressively increasing amounts of such line become visible to the camera lens through the portion I31 and are enlarged thereby. Consequently, the length of the line as a whole as viewed by the camera lens is progressively increased as the lens means is moved toward the left, and this continues until the part H3 completely covers the line where the maximum elongation of the line is effected.

Means is provided for holding and moving the lens I I 3 so that after the copy sheet is line-spaced to bring a new line of typewriting into photographing position, the lens H3 will occupy an initial position where it is at the right-hand end of its travel and where the line of typewriting is completely covered by the part H3a. This is the position of the parts shown in Fig. 4. From this initial position, the lens means I I3 is moved toward the left. If the line requires justification, the movement of the lens means H3 toward the left will continue until enough of the lens portion H3 covers the line for the control spot 25 to interrupt the flow of light to the cell 60. When the latter happens, the line appears at the justified length to the camera and the movement of the lens H3 is stopped and the camera I2 operated to photograph the line. If the line in photographing position is of full length and requires no justification, the control spot 25 will interrupt the flow of light to the cell 50 and soon after such movement of the lens means has started the movement of the lens will be stopped and the lens held in such a position and the camera I2 operated to photograph the line.

The means for effecting the operation just explained will be apparent from an examination of Figs. 3, 4, and 5. The lens H3 is fixedly mounted ina carriage it!!! and the latter is mounted to slide longitudinally in a stationary bracket member IOI. An arm H12 depends from the righthand end. of the carriage, as viewed in Fig. 4, and is provided at its lower end with a roller I33 held in engagement with a continuously rotating cam 56a by a tension spring I04 connecting a pin I05 on the fixed bracket IIJI and the arm I02. With the parts in the position shown in Fig. 4 and with a new line in photographing position, as the cam 56a rotates in the direction of the arrow, the spring I04 keeps the roller I03 in contact with the cam and thereby moves the carriage I and lens H3 toward the left. If the line is less than full length and thereby requires justification, the movement of the lens H3 will continue until its spot 25 interrupts the flow of light to the cell 60. When the latter happens the line is sufficiently elongated so that it appears at the justified length to the camera lens 38. Upon the interruption and drops out the relay 82 to close the switch 63.

When the latter happens, current flows from the positive conductor 64 through the switch 63, conductor 3a, conductor 05, clutch solenoid IE1, conductor 38, shutter operating solenoid 44, conductor Hi9, normally closed switch blade i is, conductor l i I, to negative conductor E3.

The energizing of clutch solenoid I07, attracts its armature i and moves the clutch roller 18 toward the left as viewed in Figs. 4 and 5 and into wedging engagement between the inner inclined face of a bracket T! carried by the bracket It! and the face of the bar 18 forming a part of the carriage 688. This will lock the carriage bar 1'8 and carriage Hi5 against further movement to the left and thereby hold the lens means against further movement.

The solenoid 44 when thus energized, actuates the shutter operating element 4! to photograph the line in photographing position as it appears at the predetermined justified length through the lens means H3 at its above-describedstopped position.

The actuation of element 4! closes pairs of contacts I9 and 89. The closing of contacts 19 establishes an energizing circuit for the filmspacing solenoid 49 and the solenoid 32 for linespacing the copy sheet, by a circuit traceable as follows: from positive conductor 64, switch 63, conductor 65, contacts 19, conductor Bl, solenoid 49, conductor 32, solenoid 32, and conductor 83 to negative conductor 65. As explained previously the energizing of solenoid 49 line-spaces the film 35 and the energizing of solenoid 32 linespaces the copy sheet to bring a new line into photographing position.

The closing of contacts 80 energizes a, relay 85 by a circuit traceable as follows: from positive conductor 64, contacts 80, conductor 85, relay 85, conductor 81, now closed contacts 88, to negative conductor 65. The contacts 83 are held open when the carriage I90 occupies the extreme right-hand or initial position shown in Fig. 4 which, as stated previously, is the position occupied at the beginning of a line scanning operation. This is effected by a wedge-shaped projecting element 89 on the carriage I00 engaging and holding open a movable spring blade 98 of the contacts 88. As soon as the carriage 500 begins its above described movement toward the left, the element 89 moves out of engagement with spring blade 99 and permits the latter to close the contacts 88.

When relay 85 becomes energized its contact blades 9! and H0 move to the right, as shown in Fig. 3, thereby closing at 9i a holdin circuit for relay 85, including the now closed contacts 88, and opening at Hi! the energizing circuit for the solenoid 44 and the solenoid I01. The holding circuit for relay 85 is as follows: positive conductor 64, now closed switch blade 9|, conductor 92, relay 85, conductor 81, contacts 88, to negative conductor 68. When the solenoid 44 is deenergized by the opening of switch blade H0, the element 4i returns to the position shown, and thereby opens switch 79 to deenergize solenoids 49 and 32, and opens switch 80 and the previously described pickup circuit for relay 85.

The above-described stopping of lens means I I3, the photographing of the line, and the linespacing of the film 35 and copy sheet H take place in a very short period of time. The cam 56a continues rotating in a clockwise direction until it again engages the roller I133. The cam then moves the carriage 160 back to its extreme right-hand position shown where the element 88 engages blade 98 and opens contacts 88 and the holding circuit for relay 85.

When the copy sheet H is line-spaced by the energizing of solenoid 32, the spot 25 passes from behind the lens means H3 and the flow of light to cell 60 is resumed. This will energize the relay 62 and open the switch 53. If the new line brought into photographing is of full length and therefore does not require justification, the spot 25 at the end thereof will interrupt the flow of light to cell and close switch 63 as soon as the part H3a of the lens means covers the line. At the moment however, this will have no effect on the operation of the camera because the relay 5 remains energized and holds open at H0 the circuit for solenoids 44 and N11. The relay remains energized until the carriage reaches its initial position and the contacts 88 are opened thereby. When the relay 85 drops out and H0 closes, the solenoids 44 can be energized to photograph the line and the solenoid IS! energized to stop movement of the carriage I03 and len H3. Consequently, the relay 85 and contacts 88 assure that the carriage I" will return to its initial position each time before the new line in photographing position can be photographed.

While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to the several embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention therefore to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. Apparatus for photographically reproducing typewritten copy line-by-line in justified. form and comprising a copy holder for moving each line of the copy into a photographing position; a camera for photographing the lines of copy in succession on a light sensitive medium; lens means interposed between said camera and said copy holder and being movable along a path extending transversely of the optical axis and being so constructed that as said lens means is so i moved the length only of the line in photograph in position is varied as it appears to the camera; said lens means comprising a plurality of lens elements having different line-elongating characteristics, and supporting means for said lens elements and operable to move said lens elements along said path and successively across the optical axis; and means for selectively positioning said lens elements across the optical axis so that each line in photographing position may be photographed at a predetermined justified length.

2. In photographic justifying apparatus of the type comprising a copy holder for successively moving lines oi typewriting on a copy sheet to a photographing position, and a camera including an objective lens and operable to photograph successively the lines in photographing position on a light-sensitive medium, the combination of lens means interposed between said camera and said copy holder and being mounted for movement along a path extending transversely of the optical axis and being so constructed that as said lens means is so moved the length only of the line in photographing position is varied as it appears to the camera lens; said lens means including a.

plurality of separate lenses having different line- "elongating characteristics and supporting means for holding the last-named lenses in juxtaposed relation and operable to move said lenses along said path and in succession across the optical axis; and means for selectively positioning said lenses across the optical axis so that each line may be photographed at a predetermined justifled length.

3. In photographic justifying apparatus of the type comprising a copy holder for successively moving lines of typewriting on a copy sheet to a photographing position, and a camera including an objective lens and operable to photograph successively the lines in photographing position on a light-sensitive medium, the combination of lens means interposed between said camera and said copy holder and being mounted for movement along a path extending transversely of the opti-- cal axis and being so constructed that as said lens means is so moved the length only of the line in photographing position is varied as it appears to the camera lens; said lens means including a plurality of cylindrical lenses having their cylindrical surfaces formed with different degrees of curvature and a device for holding said lenses so that as each lens is moved into position across the optical axis the general direction of extent of its cylindrical surface is substantially the same as the line in photographing position; and means for selectively positioning aid lens means along its said path of movement so that each line may be photographed at a predetermined justified length.

4. Apparatus for photographically reproducing typewritten copy line-by-line in justified form and comprising a device for holding a copy sheet having a plurality of lines of typewriting thereon arranged with one margin being the same and the lines varying in length from a predetermined maximum to a minimum, and a control spot at the other margin of each line and the spots being spaced longitudinally from their respective lines and equal distances from the last character therein; line-spacing means for successively moving said lines into a photographing position; a camera for photographing the lines of copy in succession on a light-sensitive medium; lens means mounted for movement along a path extending transversely of the optical axis and between said copy sheet and said camera, and said lens means being so constructed that as it is so moved the line of copy in photographing position appears through said lens means, from a point adjacent said camera, to vary progressively in length with said one margin remaining fixed and with said other margin and related control spot moving to the right or left, depending upon the direction of such movement; means for moving said lens means along said path; a light-sensitive control element; fixed oollimating means restricting the light rays affecting said control element to those flowing through said lens means and emanating from a part of the copy spaced longitudinally from said other margin of the line in photographing position and in the area occupied by the control spot for such line, and said oollimating means being so arranged that when said lens means is moved to a position where the last-named control spot varies the flow or light to said control element, such line when photographed on said medium will be a predetermined justified length; and means responsive to a control spot varying the light flow to said control e1ement for stopping movement of said lens means 10 I and for effecting a photographing operation 0 said camera.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wh lens means comprises a plurality of la; ing different magnifying characteristics.

6. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said lens means comprises a plurality of cylindrical lenses having curved surfaces with difierent degrees of curvature and being so mounted that as each such cylindrical lens is moved to a position between the line in photographing position and said camera the curved surface thereof extends in the same general direction as such line.

'7. Apparatus for photographically reproducing typewritten copy line-by-line in justified form and comprising a device for holding a copy sheet having a plurality of lines of typewriting thereon arranged with an even left-hand margin and the line varying in length from a predetermined maximum to a minimum, and a control spot at the right-hand end of each line and the spots being spaced equal distances from the last character in their respective lines; line-spacing means fo successively moving said lines into a photographing position; a camera for photographing the lines of copy in succession on a light-sensitive medium; lens means mounted for movement along a path extending transversely of the optical axis and between said copy sheet and said camera and said lens means being so constructed that as it is so moved the line of copy in photographing position appears through said lens means, from a point adjacent the camera, to vary progressively in length with its left-hand margin remaining fixed and with its right-hand end character and related control spot moving to the right or left depending upon the direction of movement of said lens means; means for moving said lens means along said path; a light-sensitive control element; fixed oollimating means restricting the light rays aifecting said element to those flowing through said lens means and emanating from a part of the copy beyond the right-hand end of the line in photographing position, and said oollimating means being so adjusted that when the lens means is moved to a position where the control spot for the line in photographing position varies the flow of light rays to said element, such line when photographed on said medium will be at a predetermined justified length; means responsive to a control spot varying with light flow to said element for rendering said lens moving means ineffective and for efiecting a photographing op eration of said camera.

8. Apparatu for photographically reproducing typewritten copy in justified form comprising a device for holding a copy sheet having a plurality of lines of typewritten matter thereon arranged with one margin being the same and the lines varying in length from a predetermined maximum to a minimum, and a control spot at the other margin of each line and the spots being spaced longitudinally from their respective lines and equal distances from the last character therein; means for line-spacing the copy sheet to bring successively the lines into a photographing position; a camera containing a light-sensitive medium on which the lines are successively photographed and comprising means for line-spacing said medium, a, stationary objective lens arranged to focus on said medium only the imag of the line in photographing position, and control means for operating said camera; lens means; means for moving said lens means back and forth between said copy sheet and said objective lens and in a direction extending transversely of the optical axis; said lens means being so constructed that as it is moved the line of copy in photographing position appears through the lens means to vary progressively in length with said one margin remaining fixed and with the other margin and related control spot moving to the right or left, depending upon the direction of movement of the lens means; a light-sensitive control element; stationary collimating means restricting the rays of light affecting said element to those flowing through said lens means and emanating from a part of the copy in longitudinal alignment with the line in photographing position and at said other margin thereof where its related control spot is located and said collimating means being so directed that when the lens means is moved to a position where the control spot of the line in photographing position varies the flow of light to said light-sensitive element, the image of such line when focused by thecamera lens on said medium will appear at a predetermined j ustified length; means responsive to a control spot varying the light flow to said element, for stopping movement of said lens means and for operating said camera control means; means operableupon the operation of said last-named means, for operating said line spacing means for said copy sheetand for said medium and effective thereafter to resume operation of said lens moving means.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said lens means comprises a'pluralityof cylindrical lenses having different degrees of curvature and being so mounted that as each lens is moved into position between the line in photographing position and said camera lens the curved surface thereof extends in the same general direction as said line.

10. Apparatus for photographically reproducing typewritten copy line-by-line in justified form and comprising a copyholder for moving each n o COPY 6 a Pho n o tion a camer for photographing thelines of copy in succession on a light sensitive medium; lens means movable along a path extending transversely of the optical axis and between the line of copy in photographing position and said camera, and said lens means comprising a plurality of cylindrical lenses mounted in side-by-side relation and being formed, respectively, with curved surfaces having different degrees of curvature and being arranged so that as each lens is moved into a position between the line of copy in photographing position and the camera lensthe curved surface of such lens extends in the same general direction as the said line of copy; and means for selectively positioning said cylindrical lenses along said path so that the lines may be photographed on said medium at a predetermined justified length.

11. Apparatus for photographically reproducing typewritten copy line-by-line in justified form and comprising a copyholder for moving each line of the copy into a photographing position; a camera for photographing the lines of copy in succession on a light sensitive medium; lens means movable along a path extending transversely of the optical axis and between the line of copy in photographing position and said camera, and said lens means comprising a cylindrical lens having a curved surface extending in the same general direction as the line of copy in photographing position and said lens being movable in said general direction and between said camera lens and said line of copy so that varying amounts of said line of copy may be photographed through said cylindrical lens; and means for selectively positioning said cylindrical lenses along said path so that the lines may be photographed on said medium at a predetermined justified length.

CLARENCE C. SMITH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,C84,45Q Paris June 22, 193,? 2,160,277 Neidich May 30, 1939 2,222,257 Fetter Nov. 19; 1940 2,356,620 Schade Aug 22; 19.44 1,937,228 Jordan Nov. 28, 1 933

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