US2412239A - Method of producing piling - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 10, 1946.

C. WEBER METHOD OF PRODUCING FILING Eiled March 15, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet l IN VEN TOR. CZZI'Z 71 1 31962 Dec; 10, 1946. c, WEBER 2,412,239

METHOD OF PRODUCING PILING Filed March 15, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

/ GarZ Weber 5/ I BY ATTORNEYS Patented Dec. 1%, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Carl Weber, New York, N. Y. I

Application March 15, 1945, Serial No. 582,913

Claims.

This invention comprehends a method of producing piling employed for various purposes such as for the support of buildings, bridges, piers and the like, the invention being particularly directed to what may be termed built-inplace piles of concrete or any equivalent composition. The invention primarily aims to facilitate the production of piles of this character of improved quality, at lower cost than heretofore and to provide the same with reinforced steel bars, rails or structural shapes of any.form in order to resistbending and. tensional stresses wherever necessary, the method employed offering numerous other technical and commercial advantages, namely, that the piles may'be built without the use of cumbersome pile driving equipment with the result that the jarring, shaking and other ground disturbing influences caused by the customary pile ramming operations as well as the noise incident thereto, are entirely eliminated. The method further admits of the production of piles in very restricted working places, such as inside of existing buildings and under many conditions where the installation of other types of piling is impossible, while permitting their production at any desired degree of inclination from the vertical to the horizontal position and practically without limit as to form, size or depth of the piling below ground or to their extension above ground or water levels.

The present method accomplishes the foregoing and other results by the injection of concrete, under compressed air or other gaseous fluid pressure, into protected pile wells which are produced as needed and maintained in the ground under constant gaseous fluid pressure until the concrete is emplaced therein so that deformation of the pile receiving and forming well is rendered impossible by settling, shifting or collapse of the ground surrounding or in the immediate region of the well.

With the above recited and other objectives in view, the invention is set forth in greater detail in the following specification, particularly pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through a pile forming well immediately after the reception pipe and reinforcing means have been emplaced.

Fig.2 is a similar view illustrating the method of emplacing the concrete and forming the pile as the pipe assemblage is being raised.

. Fig. 3 is a view on a reduced scale illustrating 2 a completed built-in-place pile located in the ground well.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional plan view taken approximately on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a collective perspective view of one of the mating clamping sections for the gasket and the angulated lug in juxtaposition thereto.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the three-way valve mounted on the pressure head.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view of a modification of the form .of cutting shoe which may be employed with the method.

The method of producing the built-in-place piling is carried out in the following manner and consists in initially forming in the ground such as the bed of a river or any other place a well A which eventually functions as a form within which concrete or an equivalent plastic composition is moulded to provide thebuilt-inplace pile. In practice, it is essential to employ suitable means for restraining or holding back the wall of the well while the concrete is being emplaced in addition to providing means for conveying the concrete to the bottom of the well and depositing the same progressively upward from the bottom to the top of the same until the well is completely filled. Such means is herein illustrated as a tubular reception pipe B which is of the required diameter and preferably, as shown, made up of comparatively short sections or lengths I!) joined together by coupling sleeves I l which are added to the upper end as the sinking of the Well A progresses.

In view of the fact that the reception pipe B is only temporarily emplaced in the well A and is subsequently withdrawn therefrom for reuse, that in order to minimize the surface friction both during the sinking of the well and the ultimate withdrawal of the pipe B, the same is preferably somewhat smaller in diameter than the cross-sectional size of the well A. In addition to its other functions, the pipe B may also be employed as means for facilitating the excavation and removal of the excavated material by any of the well known methods, such as by hydraulic jetting or other well digging equipment, not shown.

A cuttin shoe C is secured to'the lower end of the lower section ID of the reception pipe B, said shoe having the inner periphery corresponding in size and shape to the inner periphery of said pipe while the 'outer periphery may be of the well an'd'said tapered ortion [4 also functions to restore said well to its original profile or crosssection wherever the same may have temporarily assumed a distorted form due to caving of the. ,s

earthen walis or deformation due to groundpressure.

After the well A has been sunk to the desired depth with the reception ,pipe Bin place, as shown in Fig. 1, reinforcin means D are emplaced in the well within the "confines of the reception pipe to later serve as means for resistingbending or 'tension'al stresses, "it being "understood that said reinforcing fineansare *so located as to provide a free passagewayextending-longitudinally of and within the reception pipe.

A pressure head assembly E'is then secured to the uppermost "end ofthe reception pipe to close and "sealth'e'same 'and saidassembly eons'ists'of abase'plate 15 which is bolted to theoutwardly"proje'ctingnrarginal flange Mini 9, collar l1 threadedly engaged over the upper "end of the uppermost'sectiondll of thejreception pipe B with a suitable sealing V gasket {8 "interposed between theflange 'andplate. The 'basr'erplate is formed'with a central'opening t9, acontrol open ingfit normally closed by a closureplugill and with'a pressure inlet 'port'22. Aconduit pipe F is inserted'through the 'central'opening l 9 which is .large enough to "also permit of "the passage therethrough of couplingfsleeves 25 "which connecttogether the'sections 26 making upthe con- V duit :pipe F, the lower "end crwmch is extended downwardly "through the reception 'jpipe until it is located within the shoe'adjacentt'o the icutting edge13; Afterthe conduit *pipe Fhas'thus been 'emplaced, a V gasket 21 is arrangedin covering relation 'to' the central opening 'I9iand in surrounding rel'ation to the adjacent protruding portion Tof 'the conduit pipe and said gasket is clamped in place to s'ea'ljth'e pipe 'Within the centraljop'ening 'by means f mating clamping sections 28 which a'r'e'urged downwardly andint'o surrounding'relation'with'thegasket21 by screws ZQthreaded through-angulatedlugs 30 anchored to the upper surface of'the base plate 15. A'-T shaped fitting 3! is then secured to the upper end offthe" protruding "portion of the uppermost section26 "of the conduitp'ipe F and a concreteinjector pipe '32 is attachedtoone'branch of said T-shaped"fitting, while "an outlet pipe "33 is attachedto "the remaining branch of said fitting, shut l'off valves "34 and .35 being located in the concrete. injector and outlet pipes respectively, to open and close the same.

'A pressure ipipe'36, connected to a source of compressed air, steam or any other equivalent gaseous fluid .underpressure, is attached to the inlet" port 3 1 'of a 'three way valve "33, another port 39 of which extends downwardly and communicates withthe interior of the receptionpipe B"through"thejinlet port 22 in the base plate 15, whiletheremain'ing exhaust port '40 of said threeway"valve"38 extends'upwardly and opens to the atmosphere. "Apressure gauged l"is"mounted on 4 the base [5 and communicates with the interior of the reception pipe B to indicate to the operator the pressure therein,

In carrying the method forward, after the pressure head assembly E has been attached and the conduit pipe F has been emplaced, any ground Water within the well may be forced from the well A by opening the outlet valve 35 in the outlet pipe 33 and then turning the three-way valve 38 .so that the working pressure is admitted to the reception pipe B thereby causing the water to be forced upwardly through the conduit pipe -E'and thence through the outlet pipe 33. When and the :ground water has been completely dis-' charged from the well, the outlet valve 35 is closed and'the pressure will then function to prevent g any water from seeping into the Well.

The entire pipe assemblage and pressure head Eis then raised so that the shoe C is above the bottom of the well, the valve 34 opened to admit concrete -to theconduit pipe F through which it is injected intothe bottom 'of the dried well'lunfder pressure and "rises ---witliin the frec'eption :p'ipe B. When the concrete reaches a'sufficien't' height in -the said reception pipe so that it -complte'ly seals'the bottom of the -wel1; theworking pressure is increased above normal to force the concrete laterally -or radially outwardly to forma "blflblike-footing or enlargement K at the base pit-he pile L. The-pressurefis now reduced to the required normal injection pressure -an'd the injectionof -the-concrete continues in stages; until the pile L is completed, the reception pipe and conduit pipe sections beingperiodic-ally disconnectcd and salvaged as the work progresses. It -isap-j parent-that due to the -smaller cross-sectional size of the pipe B With reference fto 'that 'of the Well A; the frictional resistance therebetween is mate; rially reduced so that the working pressure Within the reception pipe function's to aid the li'fting force employed for raising the pipe assemblage; 'As -previouslystat'edrthe form-Of-the cutting shoe Cfunctions to'restore the pile well A to its origin'al cross-section Wherever the'wll may "have temp'orarily 'assumed a distorted form as a result-of caving in of the earthen j-walls -or deformation from any other reason. r Y

The working gpres'sure impinged on *top of the concrete within-jthe reception pipe Bfo'rcessai'd concrete into the well below-the cutting shoeC sii'nultaneously with the "raising of 'the same the concrete filling the well completely under the full 'working pressure so that it is forced hard stantially reduced, "resistance are "encountered,

which will be known in advance by the operator who is furnished with"a chart prepared from samples as thewell Ais'sunkfthe Wofkingipres sure'inay be reduced toi'avoid unduespreadingiof the pileand'the waste-6f concrete.

The withdrawal or the ,pipe assemblyis accdm'i pli'shed by the upli'fting'power of the working pressure within the reception pipe B, which ob viouslyexerts the same force in"'both'the upward and downward directions, the speed of withdrawal beinglregulated byiadjustment.of the. working pressure and bfballlastifig 0r jadliillg Of the Teception pipe, as needed. As heretoforeindicated; the pressure injectioniof -the concrete into the wellis performed iii-stages or periodic lifts, it bein; understoodthat whenever the concrete fillifl'g within the well has reached a sufficient height to exposeon'e or more of the sections of the reception pipe B, the injection conduit pipe is closed off from the concrete supply pipe 32by closing the valve 34. The working pressurevalve 38 is then adjusted to cut off the working pressure and to permit of the exhaust of the working pressure-from the interior of the reception pipeB and after detachingthe pressure head assembly E, the uppermost sections the pipes B and F, which extend above the ground, are'removed, the pressure head assembly replaced on' the remaining uppermost section and the work continued as before explained.

As the building of the pile L approaches its final stages, the plug 2| of the control Opening 20 is removed, after venting the working pressure, so as to ascertain the level of the concrete and to discontinue the injection at the exact height so that later costly adjustments are obviated, such as the trimming down or upbuilding of the pile to the specified level.

When the concreting work of the pile has been completed, the entire construction equipment is withdrawn and is available for further use in forming other piles, thereby representing a great saving of cost as compared with other methods which provide metal forms or casing which remain in the ground. It will thus be apparent that the present method dispenses with the use of the customary cumbersome and heavy, pile driving rams, avoids the shocks, jars and noise incident thereto and the disturbing of the surrounding ground strata, which is of especial importance where additional supports are being provided for sinking or ruptured structures where such vibrations or disburbances must be avoided. There is no limit to the length, the cross-sectional form and dimensions or to the type and amount of reinforcement that may be desired for the construction of the piling produced under this method, so that it is possible to provide one single large pile instead of a large cluster of common piling often required for the support of heavy structural units.

In the modified form of cutting shoe C, shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings, the same is intended for use only in the production of cylindrical piles which permit of the rotation of the shoe C during the sinking of the well. In this instance, the cutting edge of the shoe is provided with teeth or serrations 56 which may be formed directly on the shoe or on one or more plates secured to the shoe or provided in any equivalent manner.

What is claimed is:

l. A method of producing built-in-place concrete piling which consists in forcing the enlarged lower end of a reception pipe into the ground to the desired depth to form a well of greater crosssectional size than that of the major diameter of said reception pipe, closing the upper end of the reception pipe and sealing in extending relation through said closed upper end a concrete injection conduit having its lower end disposed adjacent the enlarged lower end of the reception pipe, introducing a gaseous fluid under pressure within the upper end of the reception pipe exteriorly of the conduit and after discharging the ground water in the well upwardly through the conduit by said gaseous fluid pressure, simultaneously raising the pipe and conduit in successive stages while at the same time displacing theconcrete from the pipe and conduit under the gaseous fluid pressure to forcibly impact the concrete in the well to fill the same and ,producethe built-inplacepiling. I

2. In a methoda's set forth in claim 1, wherein after the reception pipe is initially raised from its lowermostposition, the pressure of the'gaseous fluid is temporarily increased to form a radial enlargement at the lower end of the well to provide a bulb-like footing at the base of the pilin when filled with concrete.

.3;..A method of producing built-in-place concrete-piles consisting in initially forcing into the ground a tubularreception pipe having at its lower end a cutting shoe the outer periphery of which is of greater size than the outerxperiphery of the reception pipe and excavating and removing therethrough .the material encompassed thereby to form a well of somewhat greater crosssectional size than the reception pipe, closing the upper end of the reception pipe to render the same fluid tight, extending through said closed upper end in sealed relation thereto a conduit pipe having the lower end thereof disposed adjacent to the cutting shoe, introducing a gaseous fluid under pressure into the upper end of the reception pipe exteriorly of the conduit pipe, then injecting concrete through the conduit pipe while maintaining the gaseous fluid pressure and simultaneously raising said pipes in successive stages to forcibly emplace the concrete in the well to fill the same and thus form the built-inplace pile.

4. A method as set forth in claim 3, wherein the ground water within the well is displaced through the conduit pipe by the gaseous fluid pressure prior to the injection of the concrete. I

5. A method of forming built-in-place concrete piles consisting in initially sinking a tubular reception pipe into the ground and excavating and removing therethrough the solid matter encompassed by the reception pipe to form a well,

closing the upper end of the reception pipe to render the same fluid tight, extending a conduit through the closed upper end of the reception pipe in sealed relation thereto with the lower end of the conduit terminating adjacent the bottom of the well, introducing a gaseous fluid under pressure into the upper end of the reception pipe exteriorly of the conduit and forcing by said pressure the ground water upwardly through the conduit and discharging the same therefrom, injecting concrete through the conduit while maintaining the gaseous fluid pressure within the reception pipe, and then simultaneously raising the reception pipe and conduit in stages while continuing to inject the concrete and to maintain the gaseous fluid pressure so as to discharge the concrete into the well from the lower to the upper end thereof to form the built-in-place pile.

6. In a method as set forth in claim 5, wherein the gaseous fluid pressure is varied to compensate for variations in the resistance and density of the ground strata through which the well extends.

'7. A method as set forth in claim 5, wherein the reception pipe and conduit are made up of coupled sections and which are added as the sinking of the well progresses and which are removed as they are raised during the building of the pile,

8. A method as set forth in claim 5, in which the gaseous fluid pressure is utilized in effecting the raising of the reception pipe during the formation of the pile within the well.

amazes :9. A'methodnf forming builteineplace concrete 1 piles which-includes the steps of initially :forcin'g into thevaground a ltliblllar :shoe attached to the lower .end of a reception pipe of lesser crosssectional size than the shoe to forma well of greater crossesectional :size (than the reception pipe, removing through said reception pipe :the solid material encompassed thereby, closing the upper end .of the reception pipe .to render the samet'fiuid tight, extending a conduit through the closed upper end of the reception 'pipein sealed relation thereto with thelower end of theconduit disposed adjacent the :lower end of :theshoe, introducing :a gaseous .flui'd under pressure :tov the upper end of the reception pipe :outside of :the conduit and initially forcing the ground water in the well upwardly tthrough the conduit and ;discharging the .same therefrom by "said pressure, increasing the ipressure and raising the shoe :to-

form zthe built-in-placejpile, therein.

10. i-Aimethodas set forth in claim -9,'in1which the upper end portion of theshoe is taperedin- .wardly and upwardlyiandtfunctions torestore to its original cross-sectional size and shape any distorted portions -.of the wall of the well :as the 'receptionipipe is raised during-the buildingpof .the V pile. V

CARL

Images