US2409746A - Motor fuels - Google Patents
Motor fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2409746A US2409746A US348838A US34883840A US2409746A US 2409746 A US2409746 A US 2409746A US 348838 A US348838 A US 348838A US 34883840 A US34883840 A US 34883840A US 2409746 A US2409746 A US 2409746A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- octane
- hydrocarbons
- fuel
- ethers
- fuels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- ZISSAWUMDACLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triptane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C ZISSAWUMDACLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 Methyl tertiary butyl ether- Triptane Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexoxyhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCCCCC BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1 AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VLZZXGOEDAYHOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb] VLZZXGOEDAYHOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
Definitions
- This invention relates to motor fuels for use in high compression internal combustion spark' ignition engines and relates more particularly to motor fuels blended with an agent which tends to 2 i tion of supercharged spark ignition engines than the latter.
- supercharging is one method of markedly raising the power output of gasoline reduce the knocking of the fuel in supercharged 5 engines.
- This method comprises boosting the inaso e e nestake pressures to above atmospheric pressure, thus Branched Chain ethers. Such as D- DV increasing the compression pressures.
- the deet have been suggested as blending agents t gree of supercharging is limited by the knocking raise the octane rating of low octane fuels.
- Their property of th fuel, for n fuels have a it Primary Value lies in their own high octane compression pressure above which they detonate ings: and by virtue of this Property raise the spontaneously.
- the fuel which permits octane rating of the hydrocarbons which are the highest degree of Supercharging is t t primary source for motor fuels. desirable.
- Blendmg with hydrocarbon fuels having 3 ratio which is determined as follows: octane ratmgs equal to or greater than those of The intake pressure of an engine running at Eg :5: 3; gggxg gii ggggfifiii i gl ifi constant speed and constant compression ratio is is effected, while the B. t. u. content of the blended figj l fi ggi g g a ggg g Egg; fuel is reduced, it being well known that the B. t. u.
- Such blends are obtained when ue mixin certain ethers with hydrocarbons having Examples of fathers Swtable for our mventlon octane ratings equal to or higher than the particare methyl ternary w ether methyl ternary ular ethers.
- Some few hydrocarbons of lower aimyl ether methyl rtlary heXyl ether, ethyl teroctane than the ethers produce blends which have ⁇ nary butyl t n'pmpyl telilary butyl ether, still lower octane number than the hydrocarbons.
- lsopmpyl ternary butyl ether lsopmpyl ternary Certain asymmetrical dialkyl ethers, one alkyl amyl ther, etc. group of which is a tertiary alkyl radical, prefer-
- the amounts of the ethers used 1n the blends ably of 4 to 6 carbon atoms such as tertiary butyl are advantageously at least about 5% n preferradical, and the other alkyl group of which cona from 5% to a t u q t t es Outside tains 1 to 3 carbon atoms in a straight or branched these limits y be used if desiredchain, have octane ratings of 100 or slightly lower.
- Suitable gasoline hydrocarbons with which to blend the ethers are, for example, iso-octane, neohexane, triptane, mixtures of polymer or alkylate gasoline with triptane, mixtures of iso-octane, neohexane, triptane, isopentane, etc., blends of relatively low boiling aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylenes, ethyl benzene, etc. with high octane aliphatic hydrocarbons, etc.
- anti-detonants such as, tetraethyl lead, aniline, mono methyl aniline, or anti-oxidants such as phenols, aminophenols, may be added to our blended fuels.
- An improved motor fuel for supercharged spark ignition engines comprising a mixture of methyl, tertiary butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons containing a substantial amount of isooctane, said mixture having an octane rating lower than said hydrocarbons, and said fuel having an A. B. ratio greater than that of said gasoline hydrocarbons.
- An improved motor fuel for supercharged spark ignition engines comprising a mixture of methyl tertiary butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons containing a substantial amount of triptane, said mixture having an octane rating lower than said hydrocarbons, and said fuel having an A. B. ratio greater than that of said gasoline hydrocarbons.
- An improved motor fuel for supercharged spark ignition engines comprising a mixture of methyl tertiary butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons containing a substantial amount of neohexane, said mixture having an octane rating lower than said hydrocarbons, and said fuel having an A. B. ratio greater than that of said gasoline hydrocarbons.
- An improved motor fuel for supercharged spark ignition engines comprising a mixture of methyl tertiary butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons containing a substantial amount of hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of iso-octane, neohexane, triptane, and mixtures thereof.
Description
Patented Oct. 22,1946
MOTOR FUELS Theodore W. Evans, Oakland, and Alfred G. Cattaneo, Berkeley, Calif., assignors to Shell Development Company, San Francisco, Calif., a
corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application July 31, 1940, Serial No. 348,838
4 Claims.
This invention relates to motor fuels for use in high compression internal combustion spark' ignition engines and relates more particularly to motor fuels blended with an agent which tends to 2 i tion of supercharged spark ignition engines than the latter.
As is known, supercharging is one method of markedly raising the power output of gasoline reduce the knocking of the fuel in supercharged 5 engines. This method comprises boosting the inaso e e nestake pressures to above atmospheric pressure, thus Branched Chain ethers. Such as D- DV increasing the compression pressures. The deet have been suggested as blending agents t gree of supercharging is limited by the knocking raise the octane rating of low octane fuels. Their property of th fuel, for n fuels have a it Primary Value lies in their own high octane compression pressure above which they detonate ings: and by virtue of this Property raise the spontaneously. Obviously the fuel which permits octane rating of the hydrocarbons which are the the highest degree of Supercharging is t t primary source for motor fuels. desirable.
Low octan? fuels have conslfleredthe Response to supercharging may be measured by most susceptible to the beneficlal action of the a unit known as the allowable boost ratio or ethers. Blendmg with hydrocarbon fuels having 3 ratio which is determined as follows: octane ratmgs equal to or greater than those of The intake pressure of an engine running at Eg :5: 3; gggxg gii ggggfifiii i gl ifi constant speed and constant compression ratio is is effected, while the B. t. u. content of the blended figj l fi ggi g g a ggg g Egg; fuel is reduced, it being well known that the B. t. u. r g f 1 t 1711' d d h below those of un on a re erence u e a e same spee an figfiz zgggs ethers a muc compression rat1os,- with var1ed intake pressure until the same degree of knocking is obtained.
We naive now found that blends of The intake pressure of the blended fuel divided ethers w1th hydrocarbons, wh1ch blends possess b the intake ressure of the reference fuel iv octane numbers not substantially greater than p g es e A. B. ratio of the blended fuel. By convention those of the hydrocarbons alone prove vastly the A B ratio i based on sometime a the ref r superior to the straight hydrocarbons insupers 1 s e charged engines. Such blends are obtained when ue mixin certain ethers with hydrocarbons having Examples of fathers Swtable for our mventlon octane ratings equal to or higher than the particare methyl ternary w ether methyl ternary ular ethers. Some few hydrocarbons of lower aimyl ether methyl rtlary heXyl ether, ethyl teroctane than the ethers produce blends which have {nary butyl t n'pmpyl telilary butyl ether, still lower octane number than the hydrocarbons. lsopmpyl ternary butyl ether lsopmpyl ternary Certain asymmetrical dialkyl ethers, one alkyl amyl ther, etc. group of which is a tertiary alkyl radical, prefer- The amounts of the ethers used 1n the blends ably of 4 to 6 carbon atoms such as tertiary butyl are advantageously at least about 5% n preferradical, and the other alkyl group of which cona from 5% to a t u q t t es Outside tains 1 to 3 carbon atoms in a straight or branched these limits y be used if desiredchain, have octane ratings of 100 or slightly lower. n In the table below, examples of blends of hydro- Blends thereof with hydrocarbon fuels of equal carbons with the above ethers are shown, which or higher octane number have octane ratings not blends have equal or lower octane ratings than the higher than those of the hydrocarbon fuel alone, hydrocarbons, but possess materially increased but peculiarly enough permit more efficient opera- A. B. ratios.
Hydrocarbon Blend Ether Percent Name as a.
Methyl tertiary butyl ether- Triptane 1.35 1035 50 10134 1. 45 Do %iso-octane,50%xylene 1.15 97 33% 96% 1.30 Do %iso-octane,20%xylene 1.10 50 99% 1.30 Methyl tertiary amyl'ether.. Isa-octane 1.0 100 50 99 1.20
1 Determined with the aid of iso-octane containing .05 cc. tetra. ethyl lead.
It will be seen that the addition of various quantities of our ethers, while failing to improve the octane rating, markedly increases the allowable boosting of the intake pressure without causing knocking.
Suitable gasoline hydrocarbons with which to blend the ethers are, for example, iso-octane, neohexane, triptane, mixtures of polymer or alkylate gasoline with triptane, mixtures of iso-octane, neohexane, triptane, isopentane, etc., blends of relatively low boiling aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylenes, ethyl benzene, etc. with high octane aliphatic hydrocarbons, etc.
If desired, anti-detonants such as, tetraethyl lead, aniline, mono methyl aniline, or anti-oxidants such as phenols, aminophenols, may be added to our blended fuels.
We claim as our invention:
1. An improved motor fuel for supercharged spark ignition engines comprising a mixture of methyl, tertiary butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons containing a substantial amount of isooctane, said mixture having an octane rating lower than said hydrocarbons, and said fuel having an A. B. ratio greater than that of said gasoline hydrocarbons.
2. An improved motor fuel for supercharged spark ignition engines comprising a mixture of methyl tertiary butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons containing a substantial amount of triptane, said mixture having an octane rating lower than said hydrocarbons, and said fuel having an A. B. ratio greater than that of said gasoline hydrocarbons.
3. An improved motor fuel for supercharged spark ignition engines comprising a mixture of methyl tertiary butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons containing a substantial amount of neohexane, said mixture having an octane rating lower than said hydrocarbons, and said fuel having an A. B. ratio greater than that of said gasoline hydrocarbons.
4. An improved motor fuel for supercharged spark ignition engines comprising a mixture of methyl tertiary butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons containing a substantial amount of hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of iso-octane, neohexane, triptane, and mixtures thereof.
THEODORE W. EVANS. ALFRED G. CATTANEO.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US348838A US2409746A (en) | 1940-07-31 | 1940-07-31 | Motor fuels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US348838A US2409746A (en) | 1940-07-31 | 1940-07-31 | Motor fuels |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2409746A true US2409746A (en) | 1946-10-22 |
Family
ID=23369767
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US348838A Expired - Lifetime US2409746A (en) | 1940-07-31 | 1940-07-31 | Motor fuels |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2409746A (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2884315A (en) * | 1956-02-20 | 1959-04-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Aviation gasoline |
US2952612A (en) * | 1957-06-27 | 1960-09-13 | Shell Oil Co | Production of high octane motor fuel with an alkyl ether additive |
US3168385A (en) * | 1961-07-12 | 1965-02-02 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Motor fuels |
US3224848A (en) * | 1959-03-16 | 1965-12-21 | Shell Oil Co | Gasoline composition |
US4178154A (en) * | 1975-02-05 | 1979-12-11 | Henri Rothlisberger | Light synthetic fuel |
US4252541A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1981-02-24 | Texaco Inc. | Method for preparation of ethers |
US4519809A (en) * | 1984-04-23 | 1985-05-28 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Method for reducing water sensitivity of ether containing gasoline compositions |
US6039772A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 2000-03-21 | Orr; William C. | Non leaded fuel composition |
US6187064B1 (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 2001-02-13 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Unleaded aviation gasoline |
US6238446B1 (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 2001-05-29 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Unleaded aviation gasoline |
US20030183554A1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2003-10-02 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
US20080172931A1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2008-07-24 | Bp Oil Internationa Limited | Fuel composition |
-
1940
- 1940-07-31 US US348838A patent/US2409746A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2884315A (en) * | 1956-02-20 | 1959-04-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Aviation gasoline |
US2952612A (en) * | 1957-06-27 | 1960-09-13 | Shell Oil Co | Production of high octane motor fuel with an alkyl ether additive |
US3224848A (en) * | 1959-03-16 | 1965-12-21 | Shell Oil Co | Gasoline composition |
US3168385A (en) * | 1961-07-12 | 1965-02-02 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Motor fuels |
US4178154A (en) * | 1975-02-05 | 1979-12-11 | Henri Rothlisberger | Light synthetic fuel |
US4252541A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1981-02-24 | Texaco Inc. | Method for preparation of ethers |
US4519809A (en) * | 1984-04-23 | 1985-05-28 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Method for reducing water sensitivity of ether containing gasoline compositions |
US6039772A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 2000-03-21 | Orr; William C. | Non leaded fuel composition |
US6187064B1 (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 2001-02-13 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Unleaded aviation gasoline |
US6238446B1 (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 2001-05-29 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Unleaded aviation gasoline |
US20030183554A1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2003-10-02 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
US20080172931A1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2008-07-24 | Bp Oil Internationa Limited | Fuel composition |
US20080289250A1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2008-11-27 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel Composition |
US20080289998A1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2008-11-27 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
US20080295388A1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2008-12-04 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
US7462207B2 (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2008-12-09 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
US7553404B2 (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2009-06-30 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
US7833295B2 (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2010-11-16 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
US8232437B2 (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2012-07-31 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
US8536389B2 (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2013-09-17 | Bp Oil International Limited | Fuel composition |
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