US2409252A - Container - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- US2409252A US2409252A US418231A US41823141A US2409252A US 2409252 A US2409252 A US 2409252A US 418231 A US418231 A US 418231A US 41823141 A US41823141 A US 41823141A US 2409252 A US2409252 A US 2409252A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gasoline
- container
- polyvinyl
- self
- tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 20
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 3
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ALOUNLDAKADEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sebacate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC ALOUNLDAKADEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUMXHEUHHRTBQT-AATRIKPKSA-N 2,4-dimethoxy-1-[(e)-2-nitroethenyl]benzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\[N+]([O-])=O)C(OC)=C1 NUMXHEUHHRTBQT-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMMVCTFOVNOGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-propanoyloxyethoxy)ethyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)CC YMMVCTFOVNOGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJMJPGWUPHIMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCC AJMJPGWUPHIMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical group CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004348 Glyceryl diacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004036 acetal group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSUIVCLOAAJSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methoxyethyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCOC HSUIVCLOAAJSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940014772 dimethyl sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CO ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019443 glyceryl diacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001557 phthalyl group Chemical group C(=O)(O)C1=C(C(=O)*)C=CC=C1 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
- B64D37/02—Tanks
- B64D37/06—Constructional adaptations thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/912—Puncture healing layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31826—Of natural rubber
- Y10T428/3183—Next to second layer of natural rubber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31826—Of natural rubber
- Y10T428/31833—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product or addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31826—Of natural rubber
- Y10T428/31841—Next to cellulosic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3854—Woven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet
- Y10T442/3911—Natural or synthetic rubber sheet or film
Definitions
- the kind of a container to which this invention particularly relates is a self-sealing gasoline tank, which may, for example, have Walls comprising, from the outside toward the inside, a layer of very heavy hide leather, a layer of latex approximately 11s inch thick, a layer of sponge rubber about 1A; inch thick, another layer of latex about 11e inch thick, a layer of split hide, and an inner liner Which is contacted by the gasoline.
- the inner liner serves to retain or hold the gasoline, and the other layers serve as a support and as a self-sealing means when the Wallis traversed by a bullet.
- the leather and hide impart strength and some rigidity .to the tank wall.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an improved self-sealing motor fuel tank especially suitable for military airplanes subject to puncture by such a projectile as a bullet. 7 s,
- resinous compositions are tough,.elastic and flexible, and an inner liner made in accordance with this invention cooperates with the rest of the wall structure, including the self-sealing means, to produce remarkably improved results in a self-sealing container, especially a gasoline tank for a militaryairplane, for example.
- the liners made in accordance with this invention do not corrode, as rnetals, ⁇ for example, are resistant toY deterioration byrwater or such contents as hydrocarbons including gasoline, benzene, lubricating oils, etc., have a surprisingly low average rate of diffusion therethrough by .suchmaterials as gasoline, do not permit extraction of substances by hydrocarbons which would contaminate the contents of the container,
- Yespecially such hydrocarbons as gasoline, ben-A zene, lubricating oil, for example, are tough, elastic and flexible and cooperate with the outer wall layers, which include the self-sealing means, to
- Fig. 2 shows the layers ofthe wall structure in detail.
- Atank is shown generallyA at I and thewall thereof at 2. Referring more particularly to Fig.
- the outer layer of the wall is shown at 3 and this may comprise a. tough wear-resistant material such as a rubber impregnated rayon, for example.
- Layers and 8 comprise amaterial which swells and expands when contacted by the contents of the container to eliect a sealing of a hole left as by a projectile, and for such hydrocarbons as gasoline, benzene and lubricating oils, for example, especially gasoline, a materialV such as latex is satisfactory.
- a layer of-such a material as vulcanized rubber which adds velasticity to the wall structure as a whole, and ap-4 pears to cushion the shock of a big-h speed pro jectile.
- the inner lining is shown at 'lV and comprises a polyvinyl acetal resin in accordance with this invention.
- the inner liner 1 comprising the polyvinyl acetal is preferably in the form of a relatively thin sheet of such a resin. It may, however, with some advantage comprise a coating of such a resin applied to the inner surface of the outer layers, and, moreover, may be made by coating 4orimpregnating such a supporting material as duck, plywood or veneer, or by laminating a thin film of the resin to such a supporting material. As'pointed' out above, however, a thin sheet of the vresinous -niaterial is preferred, since this makes it possible to obtain greater advantages from this material in accordance with this invention.
- the polyvinyl acetals for use in accordance with this invention may be made by the polymerization of vinyl -acetate or othervinyl'esters, followed by saponication Aand reaction with an aldehyde. These esters maybe polymerized to various degrees andunder different conditions before hydrolysis and reaction with the aldehyde. Moreover, the resultingacetals may -contain different proportions of ester, hydroxyl and acetal groups corresponding to the degree of hydrolysis and acetalization of the polymerized ester.
- Polyvinylformaldehyde acetals such as disclosed in the patents referredy to above, for ex- Usually the polyvinyl formals will be 'made by polymerizing the vinylY ester to Isuch a degree that a one-molar solution of the polymer in benzene lha'saviscosity of f from about 10 to 100 centipoises at '20 C., vhydrolyzing and'reacting such polymer with formaldehyde to produce a vpolyvinyl* formal resin having from substantially none to about 33 per cent acetate calculatedI as polyvinyl acetate and from about 5 to about 15 per cent hydroxyl calculated as polyvinyl alcohol, by weightyand the rest substantially acetal.
- a polyvinyl acetal suitable for this invention results from the polymerization of vinyl acetate to such a degree that a onemolar solution of the polymer in benzene had a viscosity of substantially 25 centipoises at 20 C., and the hydrolysis and reaction of the polyvinyl acetate With butyraldehyde to form a polyvinyl acetal resin containing substantially 17 to 21 per cent hydroxyl groups calculated as polyvinyl alcohol, 3% or less acetate by weight and the rest acetal.
- this invention comprehends the use of other aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, or mixtures thereof, or even ketones in making suitable polyvinyl acetals to be used in accordance with this invention.
- aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, or mixtures thereof, or even ketones
- acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, Valeraldehyde, and hexaldehyde may be used.
- a resin which will not be deteriorated to any substantial extent by the contents of the container, and in the case of such a hydrocarbon as gasoline or benzene, an acetal made With such lower aldehydes as formaldehyde or butyraldehyde is preferred.
- the lm or sheet of polyvinyl acetal for this invention may be made by any of the known methods of forming such a resin into a lm or sheet, which should, of course, be non-porous for a fluid container.
- the resin may be extruded by means of suitable apparatus to produce a sheet, or a solution of the resin in a suitable solvent rnay be cast in any well-known manner and a film or sheet formed by evaporation of the solvent. Sheets of any desired thickness may be formed by these methods and a thickness of about .025 inch is usually suitable.
- the resinous materials used for the purpose of this invention may be plasticized, if desired, and in general most of the usual plasticizers may be used.
- plasticizers for the polyvinyl acetal resins, and especially the polyvinyl formal resins, this invention comprehends the use of such plasticizers as, for example, diethyl phthalate, diacetin, dimethyl phthalate, dimethoxy ethyl phthalate, ethyl ethoxy ethyl phthalate, triacetin, methyl orl ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycollate, triethylene glycol dibutyrate, diethylene glycol dipropionate, triethylene glycol dihexoate, dibutyl and dimethyl sebacate, triethylene glycol esters of cocoanut oil acids, and others.
- a wall having a layer of rubber-impregnated rayon, a layer of latex, a layer of vulcanized rubber, another layer of latex and an inner layer comprising a plasticized sheet of polyvinyl formal resin containing by Weight from about 5 to 15% hydroxyl groups calculated as polyvinyl alcohol and from about 0 to 15% acetate groups calculated as polyvinyl acetate andthe rest substantially acetal.
- a Wall having a layer of rubber-impregnated rayon, a layer of latex, a layer of vulcanized rubber, another layer of latex and an inner layer comprising a plasticized sheet of polyvinyl formal resin containing by weight from about 4 to 10% hydroXyl groups calculated as polyvinyl alcohol and from about 9:5 to 13% acetate groups calculated as polyvinyl acetate and the balance substantially acetal.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
Oct. 15,V 1946. T, s, CARSWELL 2,409,252
CONTAINER Filed Nov.4 7`, 1941v ATTORNEY `such as gasoline,` of the container.
Patented Oct. 15, 1946 CONTAINER Thomas S. CarswelLLongmeadow, Mass., assigner to Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo., va corporation of Delaware Application November 7, 1941, Serial No. 418,231
2 Claims. (Cl. 154-435) 'novel inner liner in combination with Walls having a self-sealing structure capable of sealing a hole made therein as by such a projectile as a bullet, and more particularly pertains to a selfsealing gasoline tank, especially suitable for a military airplane, having a novel inner liner in combination with the self-sealing means.
The construction of such 'a tank as one suitable for a military airplane, for example, which Will be not only self-sealing when punctured or .traversed as by such a projectile as a bullet but also otherwise satisfactory as a tank for such motor fuel as gasoline has long presented a very difficult problem. When a high velocity bullet passes through a tank containing a liquid such as gasoline, a pressure wave is set up in the liquid as the bullet passes through it creating a liquid hammer or ram effect against the opposite wall of the tank from Which the bullet entered. The result of this is a tendency to tear out a large hole where the bullet leaves the tank. This creates a special problem in constructing a self-sealing tank subject to being traversed or Ipunctured by a bullet, since, in addition to overcoming the tendency described above, such a tank must also be otherwise satisfactory for the purpose intended.
The kind of a container to which this invention particularly relates is a self-sealing gasoline tank, Which may, for example, have Walls comprising, from the outside toward the inside, a layer of very heavy hide leather, a layer of latex approximately 11s inch thick, a layer of sponge rubber about 1A; inch thick, another layer of latex about 11e inch thick, a layer of split hide, and an inner liner Which is contacted by the gasoline. The inner liner serves to retain or hold the gasoline, and the other layers serve as a support and as a self-sealing means when the Wallis traversed by a bullet. When a bullet passes through such a Wall properly constructed in accordance with this invention, it appears that the sponge rubber .tends to push into the hole to prevent substantial leakage of the gasoline, While thev latex swells,
when contacted by the gasoline, and expands to effect a sealing of the hole. The leather and hide impart strength and some rigidity .to the tank wall.
The requirements for a satisfactory inner liner for such a container are numerous and exacting. Such a liner must not only cooperate With the self-,sealing means in its function but also must serve as a satisfactory retainer for the contents, Among the 2 chief disadvantages of prior art materials-used for inner liners of containers of the kindreferred .to above are that such material was sub- J'ect to corrosion, or was deteriorated by the substances such as gasoline placed in the container, that the material would allow gasoline to be diffused therethrough .to the outer layers ofthe tank Wall at an'undesirably high rate, that the material Would permit extraction of substances by the contents of the container which would contaminate the contents rendering them unsuitable for the purpose intended (gasoline, for example, might be contaminated so as to be harmful to the motor when used as motor fuel) that When traversed by a bullet the liner would be shattered, thus exposing the outer layers of the tank Walls to the contents of the tank, or that the material of the liner after being traversed by the bullet, especially from the inside toward the outside accompanied by the liquid hammer or ram effect, would be expanded or torn out in such a Way as to hold open the hole left by the bullet by expanded protruded portions extending into the hole so that the self-sealing means could not function properly. Although one kind of a material might be more or less satisfactory'so far as many of the requirements are concerned, it would nevertheless have suicient disadvantage to render the container highly unsatisfactory in some particular respect. For example, even though a thin sheet of aluminum might be more or less satisfactory so far as many of the requirements are concerned, it has the outstanding disadvantage that the liquid ram effect, referred to above, usually leaves a large hole torn in the sheet with portions protruding into the hole Apreventing the functioning of the self-sealing means. Moreover, other materials, for example, numerous synthetic materials, even though satisfactory to some extent with regard .to one or some of the requirements, are unsatisfactory as to other important factors.
It is an object of this invention to provide a self-sealing container which avoids the foregoing disadvantages.
It is a'further object of .this invention to pron vide a selfsealing container having a novel inner liner in combination with the outer wall structure including the self-sealing means which improves thev container.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved self-sealing motor fuel tank especially suitable for military airplanes subject to puncture by such a projectile as a bullet. 7 s,
Further and important objectsA of this inven- Letters Patent to Morrison et al., Reissue No.l
20,430, issued June 29, 1937, and in French Patent No. 793,175 exemplify resins suitable for the purpose of this invention.
These resinous compositions are tough,.elastic and flexible, and an inner liner made in accordance with this invention cooperates with the rest of the wall structure, including the self-sealing means, to produce remarkably improved results in a self-sealing container, especially a gasoline tank for a militaryairplane, for example.
The liners made in accordance with this invention do not corrode, as rnetals,` for example, are resistant toY deterioration byrwater or such contents as hydrocarbons including gasoline, benzene, lubricating oils, etc., have a surprisingly low average rate of diffusion therethrough by .suchmaterials as gasoline, do not permit extraction of substances by hydrocarbons which would contaminate the contents of the container,
Yespecially such hydrocarbons as gasoline, ben-A zene, lubricating oil, for example, are tough, elastic and flexible and cooperate with the outer wall layers, which include the self-sealing means, to
`make it possible to make a wall such that, even tank constructed .in accorda-nce with this invention, and Fig. 2 shows the layers ofthe wall structure in detail.
Atank is shown generallyA at I and thewall thereof at 2. Referring more particularly to Fig.
y2, the outer layer of the wall is shown at 3 and this may comprise a. tough wear-resistant material such as a rubber impregnated rayon, for example. Layers and 8 comprise amaterial which swells and expands when contacted by the contents of the container to eliect a sealing of a hole left as by a projectile, and for such hydrocarbons as gasoline, benzene and lubricating oils, for example, especially gasoline, a materialV such as latex is satisfactory. At is a layer of-such a material as vulcanized rubber which adds velasticity to the wall structure as a whole, and ap-4 pears to cushion the shock of a big-h speed pro jectile. The inner lining is shown at 'lV and comprises a polyvinyl acetal resin in accordance with this invention.
It is to be understood that 'other outer layers of wall structure may be used in combination with the novel inner liner o-f this invention, but that for a self-sealing container it is highly desirable that such outer layers include an element effectiveto seal arhole made by a-projectile and 'that the outerlayers besuch/ that the'wallstrucample; are especially suitable. 40.
4. ture as a whole is sufficiently strong, elastic and non-tearing that a projectile passing therethrough leaves a hole having a sufficiently small opening that `the sealing means can function properly. v
The inner liner 1 comprising the polyvinyl acetal is preferably in the form of a relatively thin sheet of such a resin. It may, however, with some advantage comprise a coating of such a resin applied to the inner surface of the outer layers, and, moreover, may be made by coating 4orimpregnating such a supporting material as duck, plywood or veneer, or by laminating a thin film of the resin to such a supporting material. As'pointed' out above, however, a thin sheet of the vresinous -niaterial is preferred, since this makes it possible to obtain greater advantages from this material in accordance with this invention.
The polyvinyl acetals for use in accordance with this invention may be made by the polymerization of vinyl -acetate or othervinyl'esters, followed by saponication Aand reaction with an aldehyde. These esters maybe polymerized to various degrees andunder different conditions before hydrolysis and reaction with the aldehyde. Moreover, the resultingacetals may -contain different proportions of ester, hydroxyl and acetal groups corresponding to the degree of hydrolysis and acetalization of the polymerized ester. It is desirable to select those polyvinyl acetal resins which a-re least affected or substantially unaffected by the contents of the container; for ex ample, for a' gasoline tank, itis desirable to use f those polyvinylV acetal resins which are gasoline insoluble orthe least'aifected by gasoline.
Polyvinylformaldehyde acetals, such as disclosed in the patents referredy to above, for ex- Usually the polyvinyl formals will be 'made by polymerizing the vinylY ester to Isuch a degree that a one-molar solution of the polymer in benzene lha'saviscosity of f from about 10 to 100 centipoises at '20 C., vhydrolyzing and'reacting such polymer with formaldehyde to produce a vpolyvinyl* formal resin having from substantially none to about 33 per cent acetate calculatedI as polyvinyl acetate and from about 5 to about 15 per cent hydroxyl calculated as polyvinyl alcohol, by weightyand the rest substantially acetal. In general it is desirable to'use a resin having a hydroxyl content ,greaterthan 'about 5 per centv and an'acetate content less thanV about 15 per cent. Thus, such a polyvinyl formal resulting from the polymerization of vinyl acetate' and hydrolysis and reaction of the polyvinyl acetate with formaldehyde to lform a polyvinyl formaldehyde acetal resin containing substantially 4 to 10% hydroxyl groups calculated as polyvinyl alcohol, 9.5 to 13% acetate by weight, calcula-ted as polyvinyl acetate, and the rest Substantially acetal, is-an example of a Apolyvinyl acetal suitable for --the present invention.
`cause of the :high Vresistance to such'hydrocarbons'as gasoline'or benzene, such as, for example, a polyvinyl formal having 14.6% .hydroxylcalculateclfas polyvinylvalcohol and 1.5% acetate,
and a polyvinyl formal having a 13.4% hydroxyl content and a 8.7% acetate content.
As another example, a polyvinyl acetal suitable for this invention results from the polymerization of vinyl acetate to such a degree that a onemolar solution of the polymer in benzene had a viscosity of substantially 25 centipoises at 20 C., and the hydrolysis and reaction of the polyvinyl acetate With butyraldehyde to form a polyvinyl acetal resin containing substantially 17 to 21 per cent hydroxyl groups calculated as polyvinyl alcohol, 3% or less acetate by weight and the rest acetal.
Moreover, this invention comprehends the use of other aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, or mixtures thereof, or even ketones in making suitable polyvinyl acetals to be used in accordance with this invention. Thus, for example, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, Valeraldehyde, and hexaldehyde may be used. In general it is desirable to use a resin which will not be deteriorated to any substantial extent by the contents of the container, and in the case of such a hydrocarbon as gasoline or benzene, an acetal made With such lower aldehydes as formaldehyde or butyraldehyde is preferred.
The lm or sheet of polyvinyl acetal for this invention may be made by any of the known methods of forming such a resin into a lm or sheet, which should, of course, be non-porous for a fluid container. The resin may be extruded by means of suitable apparatus to produce a sheet, or a solution of the resin in a suitable solvent rnay be cast in any well-known manner and a film or sheet formed by evaporation of the solvent. Sheets of any desired thickness may be formed by these methods and a thickness of about .025 inch is usually suitable.
In general, depending on such factors as the use Which is to be made of the container, for eX- ample, other resinous materials such as cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, the copolymer of styrene with butadiene, ethyl cellulose and other cellulose esters may be used instead of the polyvinyl acetal resins as disclosed above.
The resinous materials used for the purpose of this invention may be plasticized, if desired, and in general most of the usual plasticizers may be used. For the polyvinyl acetal resins, and especially the polyvinyl formal resins, this invention comprehends the use of such plasticizers as, for example, diethyl phthalate, diacetin, dimethyl phthalate, dimethoxy ethyl phthalate, ethyl ethoxy ethyl phthalate, triacetin, methyl orl ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycollate, triethylene glycol dibutyrate, diethylene glycol dipropionate, triethylene glycol dihexoate, dibutyl and dimethyl sebacate, triethylene glycol esters of cocoanut oil acids, and others.
What I claim is:
l. In a gasoline container characterized by the ability to self-seal when in contact with gasoline after the passage of a bullet therethrough, a wall having a layer of rubber-impregnated rayon, a layer of latex, a layer of vulcanized rubber, another layer of latex and an inner layer comprising a plasticized sheet of polyvinyl formal resin containing by Weight from about 5 to 15% hydroxyl groups calculated as polyvinyl alcohol and from about 0 to 15% acetate groups calculated as polyvinyl acetate andthe rest substantially acetal.
2. In a gasoline container characterized by the ability to self-seal when in contact with gasoline after the passage of a bullet therethrough, a Wall having a layer of rubber-impregnated rayon, a layer of latex, a layer of vulcanized rubber, another layer of latex and an inner layer comprising a plasticized sheet of polyvinyl formal resin containing by weight from about 4 to 10% hydroXyl groups calculated as polyvinyl alcohol and from about 9:5 to 13% acetate groups calculated as polyvinyl acetate and the balance substantially acetal.
THOMAS S. CARSWELL.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US418231A US2409252A (en) | 1941-11-07 | 1941-11-07 | Container |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US418231A US2409252A (en) | 1941-11-07 | 1941-11-07 | Container |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2409252A true US2409252A (en) | 1946-10-15 |
Family
ID=23657245
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US418231A Expired - Lifetime US2409252A (en) | 1941-11-07 | 1941-11-07 | Container |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2409252A (en) |
-
1941
- 1941-11-07 US US418231A patent/US2409252A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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