US2406448A - Shipping case or crate and shook therefor - Google Patents

Description

4 Shee'ts-Sheet. 1

G. G. WHEAT Filed June 4,l 1940 ASHIPPING' CASE OR CRATE ANDY SHOOK -THEREFR vili u lf@ A Aug. 27, 1946.

- Aug. 2.7, 1946.

E i SHIPPING CASE OR CRATE AND SHOCKv THEREFOR 4 sheets-sheet 2 Filed June 4, 1940 INVEN-ron W/zedf Aug. v27, 1946. G. G. WHEAT SHIPPING CASE OR CRATE AND SHOOK THEREFOR Filed June 4, l194@ 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTO BY I /boRNEY' Aug. 27, 1946. G. WHEAT` *SHIPPING.GASE OR CRATE AND SHOOK THEREFOR.

4 sheets-sheet 4 l Files, June 4, 1940 lili INVENTOR @e0/ge Y W/fedl Patented Aug. 27, 1946 UNITED SHIPPING CASE OR CRATE AND SHOOVK THEREFOR George G. Wheat, Brooklyn, N, Y.

` Application June 4, 1940,y Serial No. 338,710

This invention relates to panels to be assembled and united to form hollow structures, and while they may be used in the construction of different forms of structures they are particularn bly adapted for use as shocks in constructing shipping cases, boxes or crates. n

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved boXQor case shook or panel consisting of 'a plurality of wood pieces, such as boards or y planks, assembled in-edgewise joined relation by tongues and grooves, and the provision of means 2 claims. (c1. eef-4)" to engage and extend transversely of the width of boards or planks to retain them in edgewise assembled relation under a compression force acting against the resiliency of the wood and adapted to distributeV and take up uniformly throughout the entire panel or shook the force of lateral stresses transmitted thereto;

While the shook or panel is adapted for use in T the construction ofl different structures, and is particularly adapted for use in the construction of shipping cases, boxes or crates wherein a shook or panel, or two or more of said shooksor panels assembled in edgewise relation, constitute the sides, top and bottom lof the structure, and wherein means engaging and extending transversely of the width of the boards or planks serve to joint them in edgewise relation and take up in the shook or panel the stresses of forces transmitted laterally thereto, they also serve to secure and unite the shocks assembled in the case or crate while maintaining the shook boards under a compression force and effect an equalized or balanced distribution of strength throughout the case or crate and uniformly distribute and take up through all the partsof the case lor crate any stress or stresses of a load therein exerted on a part or parts of the case or crate, and thus adapting the shooks or panels to the construction of a shipping case, box or crate which is not only simple in construction andl low in cost but highly eiiicient in use. f y

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter appean In the drawings accompanying and forminga part of this application,

Figure 1 isa front elevation of- 'my improved shook or panel and showing the sameinjedge- ,tie rods. t

Figure 4 is a perspective view, on an enlarged n l showingtheV manner of adhesivelyfuniting the n same and providing tunnels between the boards or adjacent shocks or panels for the passage of scale and partly'broken away, of a board or yplank showing the mannerV of arranging mortises in the ends thereof'and engaging tenons orsplines therein to connect the boards of afshook or adjacent shooks and arrange Vthe mortise with tunnels for the passage of tie rods.

t Figure 5 is a perspective view` offashipping case constructed of shooks, shown in Figure l.

Figure 6 is a perspective view on an enlarged scaleA and broken away, of a corner portion of the case shown in' Figure 5, to show the manner of uniting the members of the case. 7 v

Figurel'l is a perspective View showing amodi# liedv construction'it-of a lshipping 'caseuconstruct'ed from shooksshownv in Figure 1. 4 ,v

Figure 8` isl a Isectional view on an enlarged .scaletake'n substantially on the line 8,-8 offFig- ',ure 7 to show the connecting `of members to the, shocks or panelsto constitute skids of the ship-v ping case.V

Figure 9 is a View `similar to Figures snowing f a modified construction of members connected to the shooks or panels to constitute skids forv ay shipping case. j

Figure loris a sectionaluview on an enlarged 1 scale taken substantially onthe line lll-,I0 of Figure 'l to show the manner of connecting a shook ,or shocks constitutingthe top of a shipy ping case to a shook orrshooks constituting a side of the shipping case.- l f f Figure 11 is a perspective 'view showing the shooks assembledin a further modified construction of shipping case.

l Figure 12 is a sectional viewin perspective on FigurelS -is airagmentary viewin .perspective f on an enlarged lscale and partlybroken away, of

avgcornerportion of the casingshownin Figure 11 `to show the nianner of ,connecting shocksv constituting the sides to the top of the shipping case; and v, l Y

Figure 14 is a fragmentary view in perspective on an enlarged scale and partly shown in section, the section being taken through the case between adjacent shooks, as ony the line Ill-'I4 of Figure 11, and showing a modified arrangement 'ofv conl m side of the case andthe connecting of members n to said shook constituting a side of the case and t constituting skids for the case.

The shook or panel as shown in Figure' 1 is f constructed of wood pieces, such as boards or l planks IA, hayinggparallel pairs o f, grooves; l5 arranged in oneilongitudinal edge fini the direction 1 of thegrain of the boards or; planks and a pair ofV parallel tongues I6 extending along the oppoi,

site longitudinal edge in the direction of the grain. The boards or vplanksareioinedlineedge- Wise relation by engaging the tongues ormone! y 'board in the grooves of an adjacent-board. Ifp l' seal the joint between the tongues and'grooves` z the grooves are made of' greater-depththanfthe i distance or extent to which the tonguesproect from the board and theiportionintermediate'th tongues, as et. Il, isin aplane inwardly fram the 1 LDOIQIILSt' buiwardilyjfrom the'wneuswherebr -when'the boards 'arejoined thebottorniffthe y groovesWilI-be spacedtfrem theto'nguesj asfshown Vat I8, and the portion intermediate. the"tongues 1 'will-bespa'ced from thefopposedgportionofjthe l "bo/arde' an adhesive,y Asuchjass jglue," is do'ctored j onto the surface jbetwe'en I the' tongues fof the "boardszand it may also be 'applied r1.5021ih'ees'lee fromi'betvveen the portion t1 .of .thefboa'rdsralong transmitted laterally to the Avshook for; panelthe 1 opposite ends of theboards `are;'mortiseid,along "the jfWiidth thereof', thefQmOrtises fleeing IdislilQSedmildww'the'thckness -ofrthe woed Y 1 intermediate,thetolieuesandgsrooves and beiie fof aVV Width substantially equal Ito the spacefbel iweenthe bases of the tongues and grooves, as:

` Vshown H), and extend intotheboards,.,as iridi catedatElS, 'the .side Walls ,of the mortisesbeing chamferedand decline to the bottom .pfthe nior- Lise, as Vat |795'. Tenons orisplines '.2i3,.^p 1ie' rably fcord lor Ibe'am eiect Withftl'le `result :thatthe vshocks are equal in'strength'and by drawing thevshockstogether by'theitierodsand thenbyplacf Wood pieces, of layvidthjl essi than'thfe depth' cfthe 1 mortis'es are :engaged inthe mortisesgandthe `space b etWeenjthebottom of'the mortis ef ani v tenons or splines 'Constitutinetunnels extending transversely Of the Widthqof the shook. "The'rOIlje edge of the. tenons engagedin anlopposeditoithe bottom -of the rnori'dsejis.f'recessedV as at"' 2l t l'.1e l side-Walls 'of the'recesses declning'flmthej sides of the tenons to the bottom of the recessjas atV 1 ZIE 'Tfie'boardsiincassembling aneiioninedf the same :by the rtongues' and grooves,r as jshown `in 1 Figurej 2, are subjected edgewise ofithegforcegoia l i mpressiqn;pressi1re against .thegresilenyj'f ithefwood ;of :theboards '.by'iorciblydrawing :the

' "boardsftogetherlby suitablemeaIl-SL"Such 25j-'tie v y rods 22 extendedthrcughv the'm'ertise `timnels v and nutstheaidedento.Said IOdsridre'tairredin Seidhonditian until'they lare ite Lbe'fus.I l constructionf ehollew ,Struturesueh pine Aor packinsjcsebex' orA crate, h .shQQkS or'fpanelsjas Ashown'in' Figurel; a-refa a'ptedf'fto be used singly or in multiple in the construction -oi arshipping case, i-boxior crate of rectangular f 'forrriarr'wwhenlenly one'offthe sheoksjistoibe l t futilizeqiorthesides, endstj'top'andqottoinjof the case the nuts are removedfrom the tie rods and the shocks positioned so that certain of the shocks Will overlie the ends of the tunnels vand others of the shocks connected thereto by extending the shocks overlying the ends of the tunnels.

VIn Figure there is shown a shipping case or box constructed in vaccordance with the present 1invention,from:shooksfasshev/in; in Figure l. As

l0 fishes/nf; each ,ofthe sideimembersof the case includes a pair of shocks a, a', each of the end \niernbers a pairV of shocks b, b; and the top and bottom members each include a pair ci shocks QCZ 1n assembling the members of the case the end and side members are rst assembled by posi- ,tieni-ngthegend members Vwith the face adjacent 'the ends'engaging or abutting the opposite lonlfgitudinall edges `cfthe side members and with the Alongitudinal edges of the end members spaced iromtheends of the side members, as shown at 23' in Figure 6,the endend side membersfbeing secured? irrsai-d' position -by'tie rc'ds engaged inthe tunnels ft't'hei side'rnernbers,` theI tief rods being of a lengt-hjgre'ater e than the Width o'i the g5 two*A sheGiesen?A a' 'and' extended-'throughopenings rnerrgbersiA to the `isidemembers offthej 'casearia `boards"t'l'ier'ec'sfr underja*compressionjforcefjThe shocks c,- 4l oiN4 the topi an*d"bottommernbers are *thenposit'ioned betweeni the en'd 'portions' off the sidemernbers yprojecting"bevondtheside'f eeligesoi the end members, ras s at` 2` 5, andi the `sideeiigespf :the 'side i members engaging the-top z and vbottom ingthe" boards/of'. the v'shooksgurider a compression 55 force anylateral stresses; such as impacts against thesame,l are distributed and taken up uniformly throughout the l entire shook. Also by the arrangement o fthetie rods' in unitingthe elements ofthe case the tie, rods will' be'funder' tension and @-5) 'thejwood ,of the 'shocks act under compression one another fbutagainst the resiliencyciithetvood withthe result that there is Van egualizedprbal- Y anced 'distribution of strengthv a'ndjganystresses communicated to .a member ofthe 'case isi trans- :airegtlri'e shooksfplaced under'jiin'di.ley1 stress atthe terminals-cry r'edgesf thereof, as in securing Y'the shocks; in thercavsethere is noLpenetra'ti'oniand disruptive 'eiect of the marginal ,portions idffthe shocksby'fasteningmeans such as nails, screws andthe like. The tie rodsextendthroughgthe ,7 5 s'hjooks at thecorn-ers of'thecasejandftdprevent ends of the tie rods through the portions of thev Ymembers, as atl-26, andthe'toparrd'bottomirriem-V 'bers-'secured 'in 'such'p'osition joyY tie rodssiniila'r *to* the tiefro'ds'l22 extendedthrough Ltl:1etu1"lnels andthe pull 'ofthe Ltie ro'dsvill :nct'fbeagainst Y Y 'minted te and taken upm an este@ members of" the case. l\lo,e1ement of. the ease; the1,tie rods or fthe Woodof' thekshooks is'placed under sheer; nor

` bers.

the nuts as they are screwed onto the tie rods end members and the top or bottom member, the

tie rods being extended through openings in said caps and the nuts abutting the same.

To further reinforce and strengthen the case, tie rods are extended longitudinally through tunnels arranged in the side, tcp and bottom members of the case. These ro-ds are shown as extended longitudinally intermediate the shooks, asat 28. To provide tunnels between the shocks for the passage of said rods a tongue, as shown at la in Figure 3, is removed from the lend member cf the shook and the board is provided witha groove I5a similar to the grooves I5 adapted to be 0pposed to a groove I5 in the edge of the adjacent shook providing a tunnel cfgreater width in the directicnrof the width of the boards and permitting the tie rods to be displaced laterally to avoid tie rods extending through the boards or between the shocks of case members in someforms of the case. If desired, tie rods, as the rods 23,' may be extended longitudinally through tunnels arranged intermediate the side edges of boards of the shooks, for which purpose a tongue Itet is 'removed from one of the intermediate boards and provided With a groove, as indicated at Ib in Figure 3. L

The tie rods 28 extending through the ends of the shocks having the tenons mcrtised therein, as

shown in Figure 6, function to draw. the top and bottom members adjacent the side edges and intermediate the length thereof to the side members of the case, draw the side members adjacent theside edges and intermediate the length to gether by bolts 3d.4 In the arrangement of skids 6 to the end members by tie rods 22o through the tunnels in the shocks of the top members and the angle iron members 3l and nuts threaded onto the ends thereof at the outer side of the angle iron members, and the bottom member is united to the side members by'tie rods 22d extended throughv the mortise tunnel and the shocks of the bottom member and through the shocks of the side members a, a', a2, a3 of the case.

To reinforce the case and adaptfit to be readily cost they are, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, constructed of three memberalpreferably wood, in sidewise relation, each member being of a thick-f nessk less than the Width thereof and secured toshcwn in Figure 9, plates A of greater width than the skid members are interposed between the ber of the skid and the flange of the other platev overlie thevother cuter member of the skid, andV the flanges at the opposite edges of the plate overthe ends of the end members of the case and draw the end members adjacent the side edges 4and intermediate the length thereof to the ends of the top and bottom members, said tie rods are extended through a leg of angle iron members 2B, the angle members engaging over the joined portions of shocks and the side marginal portions of the case members, as 4clearly shown in Figures 5 and 6. l

In Figure 7 there is shown a niodiiied arrangement of shipping case or crate constructed from shooks, as shown in Figure 1, and utilizing four of said shocks a., a', a2 and a3 in the side members,

four shocks c, c', c2 and c3 in the tcp and bottom members, and two shocks b, b in the end mem- Angle iron members 3i) are engaged over the angle at the juncture of the side members with the end members and angle ironmembers 3| and 32 engaged over the angle at the juncture of theV tcpmember with the end members and side memto the end members by tie rods 22a extended v through the mortise tunnels of the shocks similar to the tie rods 22. in the Figure 5 arrangement, and through the angle iron members 3)r and vthe shocks as well as the boards of the 'shocks being drawn together under a compression force by nuts threaded onto the tie rods at the outer side of the angle iron members. The end members are secured tc the side members by tie rods 22h extended through the tunnels in the shocks of the end members and through the angle iron members 30 and nuts threaded onto the ends thereof to draw togetherunder a compression force the shocks and the boards of the shocks of the end members cf the case. The top member of the case is united lying the intermediate member of the skids.

the angle iron members 32 and nuts threaded thereon. The intermediate skid is connected to the case by tie rods 23 extended through the tunnel, as at |5a, between the shocks of the end members and said skid with the nut or head at one end ccuntersunk into the skid and the op;

posite end cf the tie rods extended through the' angle ironvmembers 3l and nuts threaded thereon. A board may be secured to the ends of the skids to close the space at the bottom of the case between the skids to give a nished appearance to` the case.

In Figures 1l to lli there is showna further i Y modified embodiment of the Y invention constructed from shooks, as shown in Figure l. The

side, top and bottom members of the case are constructed of four shocks and the end members oftwc shocks the same as in Figure 7, the side `and end members engaging upon the bottom member with the top member engaging upon the Vendsv of the side and end members. Instead of the side and end members beingy arranged in abutting relation and an angle iron engaged thereover, `as in the Figure 7 arramgement,` angleV y iron members 36 through which thejsidev andA end members are united are arranged so that the outer face of one leg of said angle iron members engages Aa side edge oi the side members of the case and the'other leg engages the side edge of an end member ofthe case, as clearly shown in Figure 13, and the tie rods 22a extended through the mortise tunnels of the side members and the tie rods 22b extended through the mortise tunnels in the end members are extended through openings in said angle iron extended.

To connect the skids to the case and further rein'-V 7 Y members 'ine assieme members e 31" and 321 arey engaged'over thel angles formed atthe juncture of the tcpinembers with the end andk side members. The tie 'rods 2E extending through the mor't'ise 'tunnels in the' shocks in the top member of the casev are extended through the angle iron members 'Sl to unite it to the end members, and the bottom lmember is connected to 'the' end members by extending the vtie rods 22d in the mortise tunnels of the shocks thereof tlu'o'ughVY the shocks hub of the end members of the case. The :case is also provided With'skidg 3%" extending long-itudinally o''the case below the side nieinbersand intermediate thebettom meinber. uTo yconnect the fs'lridsextending below the side ineinbers to and reinforce the case the tie rods 28" 'extending through the tunnels between the v'shocks of the sidemembers are `extended through said skids with the nut cr' h ead at oneV endv countersunk' int-o the skids, las shown *in Figures 1'2v and i4, the oppositerends vofthetie rodsetending throughythe angle iron members The Yintermediate skid is connected vto the 521 case by 'the `'tie rods 28" extended through lthe vtunnels between the "shocks of the gend members dfthe -case kar`1i7-the 'angle v'iron' members f3'l".Y Y'To make the oase pilier proofk angular caps 2l are engaged -o'ver the yemmers Ifformedfby vthe side and end members with ehe tcp and-'bottom members tliegca-se, said lcaps being secured 'to thee'a-se by zbelts/1,58 extended inwardly through Vsaid cap threaded ontofthe bolts Within the case. -Togfaci-litate securing fthe lnuts onto said( `boltsffroin the vinterior of the Lcase"it is provided With a'n access "openingv having a hinged closure,

'as shown-'atti arranged with means 'to secure the lclosi-irefin closed position; as by afpadlocl; Vor the'flile. "This 'opening .to the c'ase may also beV utilized fior the'passage *ci articlesjto ybe enclosedinthe case.

' Inth'e arrangementof cases Asloffvvn in 'Figures 8 the ftie: rodsr ToV further rstrengtljenthe case, a reinforcing member., maybe interposed between the top member and the side membersof the case, as'shown at 4l! in Figure 14.

Having described my invention, I claim: i 1.7In av shook or panel, a plurality of Wood pieces of equal length having a pair of spaced Y *tongues on onerlongitudinal edge and a pair of grooves in the opposite longitudinal edge and' a Wood piece havinga tongue and a groove onone longitudinal Yedge and a pair' of grooves in the opposite longitudinal edge, and all of the wood l pieces having a mortise in the Iopposite endsiXftending in the direction of the width and transversely of the grain thereofrmidway the tinck-, V

toV extendftransversely of the lassembled Woodl l piecesA adapted to take up the stresses of .forcesy transmitted laterally of the assembled wood Tl the top and .bottolnfmembersare also y unite fthe side n'icrnbers by the :tie jrods '28@ extended through the tunnels between the-shoks di said top and bottom members, said ltie rodsV A of Sth'e't'op member extending through the angle iron, nienibers' and "of 'theY bottom member t rough thesholsof the sidemembers, Washers being intei'posed'between the nuts and 'heads of the' 4"cie/rooie to prevent undue compression of thewood of the shocks. In the arrangement of the `shocks of the Itop, bottom andA side members as shown `'in Figures 7 and Il vvhereinthe tie rods 23', :28a intersecteachfotlien'as shown'lin Figure fili, 'by 'the arrangement of making the tunnels between the shocks -o 'increased Width one fof said 'tie rodsa for instance the tie rods extending through 'the tunnels between the Y shocks-df t'h'eside members off the case, maybe readily ffdispo'sedat'thesi'de of the tierods extended lthrough fthe rztunnelsfbetween 'the -shocks di :the top and fbottom members'of the case. ilsotodisplace'thetie rods'in the mortis'e tun-V nels ofthe shook-'sL of #one member of the case relative to another member ofthe case andlthus nmilitate the s'crevvingdf `the `nuts onto the tie rods -in vthe moitise tunnels, fthe mortise tunnels areV ofiincreasedwidthrelative -to th'e diameter of pieces, and-said splines spaced from and forining with thebottom portion of the mortisestunnels Yextending transversely of the assembled pieces adapted for the engagement of means to draw theassembled wood pieces together in edge-` v/ise relation. c

2. In a shook or panel forV cases and the like; a

plurality of sections adapted to be disposed in edgevvise relation in theshook or panel, eaclisec-" tionv consistingl of a plurality Iof wood Pieces having a mortiserin the opposite ends extending in the direct-ion -of the Width and transversely Yof the `grain of the Wood Apieces and having a pair of tongues on one edgel and -a vpair of Ygrooves in the 4opposite edge extending longitudinallyjand `in the'd'irection of the grain of the -Wood pieces, and

afwo'odrpiece to constitute the end Wood piece of a section having a tongue and a groove nextending parallelly of 'the tong-ue in the outer edge vthereof and said groove adapted to be disposed opposite a groove in lthe outer edgeiof the Wood pieceatthe end ofthe adjacent section and form 'therewith a passage extending longitudinally oi thevvood pieces of the sections, and the wood pieces of thejsetions joined in edgewise relation l by the tongues and grooves with the mortises disposed in alinement, splines of ajlength equal vto the Width ofthe shook Asections and of aWidt-h less than the depth of themortises in the ends vof the wood vpieces engaged in the Vmortises and extending 'transversely fof the sections Yof the shook and positioned inthe mortises in Aspaced relation to and forming with :the bottom `portion thereof tunnels extendingtransversely ofthe plurality. Qf'vshook sections, and means extendedY through lsaidl tunnels adapted tof connect the sections of the vshook in edgewise relation and place and f-hold'the `plurality of sections 4of the l'shook underan edgewise compressionforce. v PGrEGRGE Gr.YVZHEAT.

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