US2405978A - Manufacture of artificial fibrous sheet material - Google Patents
Manufacture of artificial fibrous sheet material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2405978A US2405978A US52649044A US2405978A US 2405978 A US2405978 A US 2405978A US 52649044 A US52649044 A US 52649044A US 2405978 A US2405978 A US 2405978A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- manufacture
- sheet material
- binding agent
- fibrous sheet
- fleece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010784 textile waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000286663 Ficus elastica Species 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101710125089 Bindin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyalumanyl acetate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/4935—Impregnated naturally solid product [e.g., leather, stone, etc.]
Definitions
- This invention is concerned with the manufacture of an artificial fibrous material of the kind composed of a mass of vegetable fibres impregnated with a binding agent, the treated mass being compressed into sheet or board form and subsequently dried.
- Prior proposals for the manufacture of a material of this kind have generally employed textile fibres of full staple length, and theobject of the present invention is to provide an improved proces whereby it is rendered possible to make use of a Valuable source of supply of starting material which exists in the great quantity of textile waste which is available in the formof fly, lint, flocks and the like which are collected in textile spinning mills, weaving sheds and other textile manufactories.
- the invention consists in making a fleece or web of waste vegetable fibres which are too short to be suitable for spinning, treating the fleece with a binding agent in aqueous dispersion form, compressing the impregnated mass into sheet or board form and simultaneously expressing the excess impregnant, and drying the product.
- the process of impregnation may be carried out upon a single thickness of fleece, or one or more fleeces may be piled more or less haphazard in a hopper or other receptacle where they are thoroughly saturated by spraying.
- Theprocess according to the invention is conveniently performed on a continuous scale with the object of producing the finished material either in the form of a sheet which can be batched on a roller as it is dried and produced, or in the form, of comparatively stiff boards which are cut to length from the stock as it is produced, on attaming a convenient length for handling.
- the invention is only concerned with the utilization of textile waste material which is too short in the fibre to be suitable for manufacture into yarns by spinning, and for the purpose of this application such material is defined as having at least 90% of its bulk of a fibre-staple less than two millimetres in length, and having practically no fibres exceeding ten millimetres. Although there are many forms of textile waste available which comply with these conditions.
- cotton raising flocks When cotton raising flocks are used they can conveniently be prepared f0r impregnation by passing them through a cardin engine, preferably a breaker" card, which is furnished at the delivery side with an attachment known as a cross-folding attachment, by which the carded fibres are delivered in a matted or felted fleece or web at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the card.
- a cardin engine preferably a breaker" card
- Such a delivery may be arranged to discharge the fleece directly upon a travelling lattice conveyor by which the fleece is fed continuously towards the impregnation stage.
- any appropriate method may be adopted for impregnating the fibrous mass with the binding agent. It is convenient to spray the binding agent, which is in the form of an aqueous dispersion, over the fieece or fibres as it travels beneath the sprays on the travelling conveyor aforesaid, or the mass may be fed into a hopper where it is subjected to spraying and stirring until thoroughly saturated.
- the binding agent which is in the form of an aqueous dispersion
- the mass After impregnation the mass is passed continuously between pressure rollers, so as to be extruded into a sheet or board of the requisite thickness, which sheet or board is conveyed through a drying chamber, or between heated jackets, so as to evaporate the water content of the impregnant.
- a drying chamber or between heated jackets, so as to evaporate the water content of the impregnant.
- the sheet or board On emerging from the drying stage the sheet or board is in a fit condition to be handled and it may then be batched in roller form or cut into lengths, as desired.
- Suitable binding agents for use in accordance with the invention are india-rubber latex, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate solution, phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde, animal or vegetable proteins, and animal or vegetable oils of the kind which are rendered siccative by addition of such metallic salts as aluminium acetate or aluminium sulphate. Any of these agents may be prepared in the form of an aqueous dispersion and administered to the fibrous mass in the form of a spray or flat jet.
- the fibrous mass and binding agent may be mixed in any proportions by weight of from 50 to pounds of the former and respectively from 50 to 20 pounds of the dry weight of the binding agent weighed prior to its preparation in the form of an aqueous dispersion, any excess in the proportion of the binding agent being expressed and removed in the course of the process.
- a mixture of substantially equal proportions of the fibres and binding agent will form a material useful in the manufacture of boot solings.
- a much less content coverings may be used in any proportions by weight of from 50 to pounds of the former and respectively from 50 to 20 pounds of the dry weight of the binding agent weighed prior to its preparation in the form of an aqueous dispersion, any excess in the proportion of the binding agent being expressed and removed in the course of the process.
- the sheet material obtained by treatment oi such a fleece in the aforesaid manner is characterised by great strength and high powers of resistance to tearing.
- the compressin'g operation should be performed under heat, so as to vulcanize the rubber content of the impregnated material.
- other binding agents such as the alternative materials specified above, it is necessary to add plasticisers to the dispersion. In either. case, any desired pigments may also be added so as to produce a sheet material of the requisite color.
- the proportion oi the fibrous mass to the bindin agent in the finished product being from to lbs. of the former to from 50 to 20 lbs. 01' the dry weight or the latter.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
Patented Aug. '20, 1946 MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FIBROUS SHEET MATERIAL Robert Pickles and John Pickles, Cairo Mill, Burnley, England No Drawing. Application March 14,
1944, Serial 526,490. In Great Britain March 12, 1943 2 Claims. (01.117-65) This invention is concerned with the manufacture of an artificial fibrous material of the kind composed of a mass of vegetable fibres impregnated with a binding agent, the treated mass being compressed into sheet or board form and subsequently dried. Prior proposals for the manufacture of a material of this kind have generally employed textile fibres of full staple length, and theobject of the present invention is to provide an improved proces whereby it is rendered possible to make use of a Valuable source of supply of starting material which exists in the great quantity of textile waste which is available in the formof fly, lint, flocks and the like which are collected in textile spinning mills, weaving sheds and other textile manufactories.
The invention consists in making a fleece or web of waste vegetable fibres which are too short to be suitable for spinning, treating the fleece with a binding agent in aqueous dispersion form, compressing the impregnated mass into sheet or board form and simultaneously expressing the excess impregnant, and drying the product. The process of impregnation may be carried out upon a single thickness of fleece, or one or more fleeces may be piled more or less haphazard in a hopper or other receptacle where they are thoroughly saturated by spraying.
Theprocess according to the invention is conveniently performed on a continuous scale with the object of producing the finished material either in the form of a sheet which can be batched on a roller as it is dried and produced, or in the form, of comparatively stiff boards which are cut to length from the stock as it is produced, on attaming a convenient length for handling.
The invention is only concerned with the utilization of textile waste material which is too short in the fibre to be suitable for manufacture into yarns by spinning, and for the purpose of this application such material is defined as having at least 90% of its bulk of a fibre-staple less than two millimetres in length, and having practically no fibres exceeding ten millimetres. Although there are many forms of textile waste available which comply with these conditions. and particularly in the form of fly or lint collected in spinning mills and weaving sheds, we have found that the waste cotton flocks which are removed from cloth-raising machines are eminently well adapted for use in the process according to the invention, since by reason of their naturally flufiy and open character they are easily converted into a closely felted fleece, of which the fibres extend irregularly in all diricetions and which is amenable to thorough impregnation by the binding agent.
When cotton raising flocks are used they can conveniently be prepared f0r impregnation by passing them through a cardin engine, preferably a breaker" card, which is furnished at the delivery side with an attachment known as a cross-folding attachment, by which the carded fibres are delivered in a matted or felted fleece or web at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the card. Such a delivery may be arranged to discharge the fleece directly upon a travelling lattice conveyor by which the fleece is fed continuously towards the impregnation stage.
Any appropriate method may be adopted for impregnating the fibrous mass with the binding agent. It is convenient to spray the binding agent, which is in the form of an aqueous dispersion, over the fieece or fibres as it travels beneath the sprays on the travelling conveyor aforesaid, or the mass may be fed into a hopper where it is subjected to spraying and stirring until thoroughly saturated.
After impregnation the mass is passed continuously between pressure rollers, so as to be extruded into a sheet or board of the requisite thickness, which sheet or board is conveyed through a drying chamber, or between heated jackets, so as to evaporate the water content of the impregnant. On emerging from the drying stage the sheet or board is in a fit condition to be handled and it may then be batched in roller form or cut into lengths, as desired.
Suitable binding agents for use in accordance with the invention are india-rubber latex, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate solution, phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde, animal or vegetable proteins, and animal or vegetable oils of the kind which are rendered siccative by addition of such metallic salts as aluminium acetate or aluminium sulphate. Any of these agents may be prepared in the form of an aqueous dispersion and administered to the fibrous mass in the form of a spray or flat jet. The fibrous mass and binding agent may be mixed in any proportions by weight of from 50 to pounds of the former and respectively from 50 to 20 pounds of the dry weight of the binding agent weighed prior to its preparation in the form of an aqueous dispersion, any excess in the proportion of the binding agent being expressed and removed in the course of the process. For example, a mixture of substantially equal proportions of the fibres and binding agent will form a material useful in the manufacture of boot solings. Alternatively, a much less content coverings.
The sheet material obtained by treatment oi such a fleece in the aforesaid manner is characterised by great strength and high powers of resistance to tearing.
When using an aqueous dispersion of indiarubber latex as the binding agent, the compressin'g operation should be performed under heat, so as to vulcanize the rubber content of the impregnated material. Whenother binding agents, such as the alternative materials specified above, are employed, it is necessary to add plasticisers to the dispersion. In either. case, any desired pigments may also be added so as to produce a sheet material of the requisite color.
What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
with a binding agent in aqueous dispersion form,
compressing the impregnated mass into sheet or board form and simultaneously expressing the excess impregnant, and drying the product, the proportion oi the fibrous mass to the bindin agent in the finished product being from to lbs. of the former to from 50 to 20 lbs. 01' the dry weight or the latter.
2. The process claimed in claim 1, using a carded fleece or web of cotton raising flocks.
ROBERT PICKLES. JOHN PICKLES.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2405978X | 1943-03-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2405978A true US2405978A (en) | 1946-08-20 |
Family
ID=10906001
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US52649044 Expired - Lifetime US2405978A (en) | 1943-03-12 | 1944-03-14 | Manufacture of artificial fibrous sheet material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2405978A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2482062A (en) * | 1945-01-19 | 1949-09-13 | Dow Chemical Co | Storage battery separator of polystyrene fiber |
US2660215A (en) * | 1950-09-22 | 1953-11-24 | Gen Electric | Electrical insulating material |
US2703293A (en) * | 1949-11-05 | 1955-03-01 | Masonite Corp | Process of making lignocellulose hardboard |
US2771118A (en) * | 1952-08-28 | 1956-11-20 | Bobkowicz Emilian | Method and apparatus for making unwoven fabric from bast fibers |
US3223551A (en) * | 1963-02-05 | 1965-12-14 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Leather-like material and method of making the same |
US3285775A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1966-11-15 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Penetration of collagen fibers through inclusion of protective colloid |
US3294581A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1966-12-27 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Manufacture of collagen fiber material |
US3345201A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | 1967-10-03 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Manufacture of strong fibrous material |
US3362849A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | 1968-01-09 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Manufacture of strong fibrous material |
-
1944
- 1944-03-14 US US52649044 patent/US2405978A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2482062A (en) * | 1945-01-19 | 1949-09-13 | Dow Chemical Co | Storage battery separator of polystyrene fiber |
US2703293A (en) * | 1949-11-05 | 1955-03-01 | Masonite Corp | Process of making lignocellulose hardboard |
US2660215A (en) * | 1950-09-22 | 1953-11-24 | Gen Electric | Electrical insulating material |
US2771118A (en) * | 1952-08-28 | 1956-11-20 | Bobkowicz Emilian | Method and apparatus for making unwoven fabric from bast fibers |
US3223551A (en) * | 1963-02-05 | 1965-12-14 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Leather-like material and method of making the same |
US3345201A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | 1967-10-03 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Manufacture of strong fibrous material |
US3362849A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | 1968-01-09 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Manufacture of strong fibrous material |
US3285775A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1966-11-15 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Penetration of collagen fibers through inclusion of protective colloid |
US3294581A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1966-12-27 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Manufacture of collagen fiber material |
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