US2390796A - Regulating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

. 11, 1945- .J. F. KOVALSKY REGULATING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 26, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Jb5eph FAoua/sxy TORNEY Patented Dec. 11, 1945 REGULATING APPARATUS Joseph F. Kovalsky, Turtle Creek, Pa... assignmto Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application August 26, 1942, Serial No. 456,188

12 Claims.

This invention relates to electrical apparatus, and it has particular relation to regulators.

It is known to utilize anti-hunt type of regulators of the exciter rheostat type to prevent overshooting of the corrective action where such regulators are employed for regulating a given characteristic of a dynamo-electric machine. One well known form of anti-hunt means is illustrated and claimed in my patent No. 2,140,363, assigned to the assignee of this invention and comprising a sensitive electromagnetic device having contact spreading action in accordance with the amount required for difierent time constants and a slow return action of the contact members insured by means of dashpots. Such regulators have proven to be reliable and stable for many different applications including certain Navy applications where the regulator is subjected to 150 foot pounds of shock. However, it has been found that such regulators cannot be employed for all Navy applications as they are not sufficiently stable or rugged enough to withstand the high impact shock test of 2000 foot pounds, as now required by the Navy for combat service.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide an improved sensitive and rugged regulator having anti-hunt characteristics which is capable of withstanding high impact shocks.

Another object of this invention is to provide a sensitive regulator having a minimum of pivots supplemented with auxiliary rigid pivots for use under predetermined conditions of shock.

A more specific object of this invention is to provide in a regulator having its moving parts mounted on floating pivots for auxiliary rigid pivots as supplements thereto for preventing damage to the floating pivots when subjected to shock.

Other objects of this invention will be best understood from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a view in elevation and partly in section of the regulating apparatu of this invention;

Fig. 2 is a view in elevation and partly in section taken along the line 11-11 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view of a part of the apparatus of Fig. 1 taken along the line Ill-III;

Fig. 4 is a view of another part of Fig. 1 taken along the line IV-IV thereof;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of apparatus and circuits showing the improved apparatus of this invention as applied to a regulating system for a dynamo-electric machine;

Fig. 6 is a graph, the curve of which illustrates the decrease in the charging current with respect to time of the capacitor utilized in the circult of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a graph, the curves of which represent the charging current versus time and the cor responding decrease in the magnetic pull of the electromagnetic means in circuit therewith versus the distance or movement of the armature member of the electromagnetic means; and

Fig. 8 is a graph, the curve of which represents the movement of the armature member with respect to time as the charging current of the capacitor of the circuit of Fig. 5 is decreased.

Referring to Fig. 1, thi invention is illustrated by reference to a primary control relay l0 and a secondary control or anti-hunt relay I2. The Drimary control relay I0 comprises a core member l6 of magnetic materia1 and an energizing coilor winding l8 carried thereon, the core member. '5 being carried between end flanges 20 and 22 provided for mounting the assembly on a panelboard (not shown). The end flange 22 has an outwardly extending lower end 24 and carries a substantially U-shaped bracket 26 at its upper end. The bracket 26 is of some light-weight metal, such as aluminum, and is secured to the end flange 22 by screws 23.

Referring to Fig. 3, the bracket 26 is better illustrated as having benches 28 and 30 formed between the vertical less 32 and 34 and spaced from the upper edge 36 of the connecting portion of the bracket. At the upper end of each of the vertical legs 32 and 34, an outwardly extending lug 38 and 40 respectively, is provided.

Again referring to Fig. 1, an armature. is provided for cooperating with the core member [6.

. The armature 42 is carried by an elongated arm 44 disposed for pivotal movement about a floating pivot formed by two spaced pairs of cross springs 46-48 and Bil-52, as more clearly shown in Fig. 4. One end of the vertical springs and 50 is fixedly secured to the lugs 38 and 40, respectively, by means of the L-shaped elongated bar 54 which extends between the lugs 38 and 40, being secured thereto by means of the screws 56. Each of the horizontal spring members 48 and 52 is fixedly secured to the benches 28 and 30 respectively, by screws 58 and 60 respectively, their ends extending to and being also secured to the core member IB by screws 62.

In order to secure the arm 44 for pivotal movement, a bracket 64 is secured to the arm by screws 12, the lower outer edges of the bracket being provided with outwardly extending lugs 88 and 10 for receiving the lower ends of the vertical springs 46 and 58 respectively. As illustrated benches I4 and 16 are provided adjacent the upper edge of the bracket 64 for receiving the horizontal springs 48 and 52, respectively, which are secured thereto by means of the screws 18 and 88 respectively. The outer edges of the horizontal spring members 48 and 58, however, extend beyond the benches formed on the bracket 64 and are secured to a cross-bar 82 carried by the endof the arm 44 by means of the screws 84. By anchoring the horizontal springs 48 and 52 in this manner, the elongated sprin members 48 and 52 are strengthened against torsional V movement about the elongated axis. A spring member 63, having one end-secured by the ad- 7 justable retainer 58 carried by the lower end 24 of end flange 22 and the other endsecured to the lug 6| carried by the arm 44, is provided for biasing the arm 44 in the clockwise direction about its pivot formed by the cross-springs.

As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, a block 85 of light-weight metal is secured to the bracket 28 cross-springs, so that under conditions of shock tending to distort the floatingpivet in a direction towards the fixed ends of the horizontal springs maintained by the screws 58 and 68, the arm will seat against the bearing edge 88 and substantial distortion or buckling of the horizontal spring members 48-52 will be prevented. As an auxiliary tothe rigid bearing member 86, thecmain body portion of the bracket 54 carried by th arm 44 is also provided with a plate member 92 secured thereto by means of the screws 84, as illustrated in Fig. 4, which tends to seat against the' rigid bearing member 86 under predetermined conditions of shock to further prevent substantial distortion or buckling of the spring members.

As illustrated in Fig. 4, the cross bar 54 also carries adjustable screw members 86 and 88 dic- In order to limit the pivotal movement of the arm 44, a substantially u -shaped bracket II6 is carried by the end frame 28 and secured thereto as by means of the screw II8, the bracket H8 extending upwardly between the spread arms I84 and I85 which carry the contact members. As illustrated, opposed adjustable set screws I28 and I22 are carried by the 'upper and lower legs respectively of the bracket IIIi. By adjusting the position of the ends of the set screws I28 and I22 with respect to the arm 44, the pivotal movement of the arm 44 about its floating pivot or the auxiliary rigid pivots may be limited to any required 7 by the frame member of the relay-|2 and being posed to project therethrough with their ends adjacent the arm 44. These adjustable screw members, when properly positioned with respect to the arm 44, also provide a rigid bearing support which is auxiliary to the floating pivot formed by the two pairs of cross-springs and prevents substantial distortion or buckling of the cross-springs under other predetermined conditions of shock. Thus, as shock is encountered tending to distort or buckle the vertical spring members 46 and 58, the arm 44 seats against the ends of the screws 96 and 98 to prevent further vertical movement of the floating pivot and consequently, distortion of the spring members forming the floating pivot.

At the other end of the arm 44 a plurality of contact members I88, I82 are disposed in offset, spaced but facing relation andcarried by the arms I84 and I86, respectively, the arms terminating in a base which is secured to the arm 44 as by means of the bolt I88 and nut H8. The contact members I88, I82 are suitably spring mounted, as illustrated, being secured to the arms I84, I86 by the screws H2 and H4, respectively. The relative spacing and positioning of the conin Fig. 2.

secured thereto by the screws I34 and I36 The upper end of the frame member adjacent the leaf spring I38is provided with a beveled surface I38 terminating in an edge adjacent the pivot formed by the spring member I38. Likewise, the elongated armature member I28 is provided with a beveled surface I48'terminating in an edge adjacent the normal pivot formed by the sprin I38,

In order to limit distortion or-buckling of the.

spring I38 under other predetermined conditions of shock, in which the armature member I28 would tend to be lifted further from the extreme position, as shown in Fig. 2, a bracket I42 is provided and secured to the frame member as by means of the screws I44,'set screws I46 and I48 being carried by the bracket I42, having their ends disposed to seat in recesses I58 provided in the armature member I28. The set screws, I46 and I48 are adjusted as illustrated in Fig. 2*, so that their ends seat against the armatur'e member I28 under predetermined conditions of shock, and thereby provide the required rigid auxiliary pivot.

In order to prevent excessive pivotal movement of the armature member I28, the bracket I42 is provided with a split lug I52 in which is carried an adjustable set screw I54 disposed to seat against the armature member on on side of the pivot formed by the spring I28, thereby preventing excessive pivotal movement in the clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig, 2. In addition to the stop I54, a stop I56 is also provided on the other side of the pivot disposed to prevent excessive counterclockwise pivotalmovement of the armature member I28. The stop I56 in the present embodiment, is in the form of an adjustable screw projecting through an enlarged opening I58 in the armature member I28 and secured to a support memberv I68 of the core member I24 by means of the set screw I62 with the head of the screw I56 disposed to seat against the upper edge of the armature member I28.

As illustrated, an insulating member I64 is provided for separating the contact members I86 and Ill carried by the armature member I28. The insulating member I64 is in the form of a T-shaped block and is secured to the armature member I28 as by means of the screws I10, and to the conducting block I12 which carries the contact member I66 by the screws I14. The contact members I66 and I68 are disposed on opposite sides of the spring pivot I30 disposed to face in opposite directions and align with the offset contact members I and I02 respectively. In order to maintain the armature member I28 ina predetermined position, a spring member I16 is secured at one of its ends to the insulating block I64 with its other end secured to the frame member of the relay I2 by means of the adjustable screw member I18.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the armature members of the primary relay I0 and the secondary relay I2 are disposed at right angles to each other with their contact members aligned. Likewise, each of the relays I0 and I2 has a substantially floating pivot for the armature members with auxiliary rigid bearing supports supplementing the floating pivots for preventing distortion or buckling of the spring members forming the floating pivots under predetermined conditions of shock. With the armature members mounted as described at substantially right angles to each other, there is no necessity for a, complicated pivotal support of the various contact members as a simple pivotal movement of each of the armature members will efiect a required circuit closing or circuit opening of the contact members.

Referring to Fig. 5, there is illustrated a regulating system utilizing the apparatus of this invention for maintaining constant the voltage on a generator I80, the armature windings I82 of which are directly connected to the conductors I84 of an output circuit and the field Winding I86 of which is connected to receiv exciting current from a suitable source of direct-current voltage, such as the exciter I88. A field rheostat I90 is connected in the field circuit for adjusting the excitation of the generator I80, the rheostat being arranged to be operated by an electric motor I92 which is respectively controlled in its voltage lowering and raising directions by a pair of relay devices I94 and I96 respectively. Each of the relay devices I94 and I96 is of usual construction having an energizing winding and a plurality of contact members for establishing predetermined circuits.

The primary relay l0 described hereinbefore is disposed with its energizing winding I8 connected to the conductors I84 through the rectifying device I98 while the secondary relay I2 is disposed with its energizing winding I26 connected to a suitable source of energy such as the supply conductors 200, 20I, one end of the winding I26 being directly connected to conductor 200, and the other end of the winding being connected through resistor 202, capacitor 204 and resistor 206 connected in series circuit to the other supply conductor 20I. As illustrated, the contact members I00 and I02 of the primary relay l0 are connected through a conductor 208 to supply conductor 200, while contact member I66 of the secondary relay I2 isconnected through the energizing winding of the relay I96 and conductor 2 I 0 to supply conductor 20l. Contact member I68 of the secondary relay I2 is connected through the energizing winding of relay I94 and conductor 2l0 to the supply conductor 20L Thus the primary relay I0 and the secondary relay I2 are disposed to selectively energize the windings of the relays I94 and I96 to control the operation of the motor I92.

As illustrated, the contact members 2 I 2 and 2 I 4 of the relays I94 and I96, respectively, are disposed when actuated to shunt the capacitor 204 from the energizing winding of the secondary relay f2, while contact members H6 and 2I8 of the relays I94 and I96, respectively, are disposed to connect the capacitor 204 in series with the energizing winding of the relays for effecting a time delay in the decrease of the energization of the respective relays.

The characteristics of the secondary relay I2 of this invention are such that if the current is reduced after the winding I26 is energized. the armature member does not follow the initial change in current on account of the hysteresis of the core member. Consequently, in order to obtain a gradual return of the armature member I28 to a predetermined position, it is necessary to compensate or adjust the energizing circuit to provide a maximum energization of the winding I26 equivalent to the current necessary for permitting the return of the armature member to its given position. This is obtained by-so adjusting the total resistance of the energizing circuit constituting the resistors 202, 206, capacitor 204, and. the winding I26, that the rate of charging current of the capacitor 204 when the energizing circuit is established will be of the order shown by the curve 220 of Fig. 6. By properly alfiusting either of the resistors 202 or 206, the charging current can be so adjusted that, as illustrated in Fig. 7, the movement of the armature with respect to the current will be as illustrated by curve 222, this curve being equal but opposite to the decay of the charging current as represented by the curve 220. From the curves 220 and 222 of Fig. 7, the curve 224 of Fig. 8 can be established illustrating the armature travel with respect to time as the capacitor 204 is charged to capacity. The utilization of this characteristic in the regulating circuit shown in Fig. 5 will be better understood from the following description of the operation thereof.

Assuming that the generator I is supplying a given load and that the spring member 63 has been adjusted to maintain a iven position of the armature arm 44 of the primary relay I0, and the spring member I76 of the secondary relay I2 has been so adjusted together with the resistance of the energizing circuit of the winding I26 thereof, that the armature member I28 is balanced in a given stationary position, then if for any reason the voltage of the generator I80 changes, the energization of the winding of the primary relay I0 is changed to upset the initial balanced condition of the primary relay I0 and the secondary relay 12.

Assuming that the change in voltage is an increase in voltage, then the Winding I8 of the primary relay I0 is so energized as to actuate the contact member I02 into engagement with the contact member I68 of the secondary relay to establish a circuit which extends from supply conductor 200, through conductor 208, contact members I02I68, the energizing winding of relay I94, and conductor 2l0 to the other supply conductor 2!. The energization of the winding of relay I94 immediately actuates its contact member 226 to its circuit closing position to so energize the motor I92 as to operate the rheostat I to connect additional sections of the rheostat I90 in circuit with the field winding I88 04 the generator I80 and thereby decrease the energize.-

tion of 'thegenerator I80. 1

Atthe same timethatthe corrective operation of the rheostat motor I92 is initiated, contact members 2I2Iand.2I6 of the relay'l94are also actuatedto their circuit closing position, the con tact member 2 I2 effectively shunting the capacitor 204from. circuit with the energizing winding 126 of the secondary relay I2, the energizing circuitthus established extending from the supply 7 conductor. 200, through conductor 208, winding I26.- of the relay I2, through contact member 2I2 of the relay I94 to the other supplyconductor 20 I l By removing the capacitor and the resistors 202and 206'from theenergizing circuit, the energiz'atiori of the winding I26 is suddenly increased and the armature member I28 is actuated about .itsixpivotagainst the pull of the spring I16 to abruptly separatethe contactmembers I 02 and I68Lto interrupt the energizing circuit to the winding of the relay I94. pacitor 204 isat the same time connected in series circuit with the winding of the relay I94 by the contact member 2I6, the capacitor 204 is discharged through the winding of the relay I94 to momentarilyenergize it and prevent the immediate operation of the relay I94 to open the circuits established by its contact members. This insures airegulating operation of the rheostat motor I92 to initiate a regulation of the generator-I80.

As soon as the condenser 204 is discharged to a point Where the winding of relay I94 is sufficiently 'deenergized', then the contact members 2 I2, 2 I6 and 226 of the relay I94 drop to their cir- However, since ca- I cuit openingposition to connect the capacitor 204 c in circuit with the winding I26 of the secondary relay I2. When thus connected the charging current for the capacitor 204 is so large as to maintain the winding I26 sufficiently energized and prevent a quick or sudden movement of the armature member I28 about its pivot to again efiectengagement of the contact members I68 and ..I02. As the capacitor is charged and the charging current is decreased, the energization of the winding I26 is also decreased as shown by the curve 220 of Fig. 7, and the armature member I28 is permitted to move about its pivot due to the bias of the spring member I16, as represented by the curve 222 so that, in effect, the movement of the contact member I68 to its circuit closing position to engage contact member I02 is in accordance with the curve 224 of Fig. 8.

i If the initial corrective action of the motor I92 is insuflicient to correct the increase in voltage of the generator I80, the contact member I68-again engages the contact member I02 before the contact member I69 is returned to its initial stationary position and the winding of the relay I94 is again so energized as to establish the trols the regulating operations in accordance with the change in the voltage.

[On the other hand, if the voltage of the generator is decreased, thenthe winding I8 of the primary relay I 0 is so deenergized that the spring member 63 effects a pivotal movement of the arm 44 in a direction to actuate the contact member I00 into engagement with thecontact member I66-of the secondary relay I2to establish a circuit which extends from supply conductor 200, through conductor 209, contact members I00, I66, theenergizin winding of relay I96 and conductor 2I0 to supply conductor 20I to energize the relay I96. Theenergization of the winding of the relay I96 actuates the contact member 228 to a circuit closing position to effect the. operation of the motor I92 in a direction' to shunt a number of the sections of the field rheostat I90 from circuit with the field I86 and thereby reduce the energization of the generator I80 to effect a decrease in its voltage. At the same time,-thecontact member 2I4 of the relay I96 shunts the capacitor 204 from the energizing circuit of the winding I26 of the secondary relay I2 and the contact member 28 connects the capacitor 204 in series circuit relation with the energizing winding of relay I96. The shunting of the capacitor 204 from circuit with the winding I26 by contact member 2 I4efiects a sudden increase in the energization of the winding I26 of the relay -I-2 to actuate the armature member I28 against the bias of its spring member I76 to effect an abrupt separation of th contact members I00 and I66. .However, because of the capacitor 204 is connected in series with the winding of the relay I96, the energization of the winding-is momentarily maintained due to the discharge'of the capacitor to prevent the actuation of the contact members of the relay I96 to their open circuit position, thereby insuring a'regulating operation of th motor I92. As' soon as the capacitor 204 isvsufiiciently discharged as to decrease the energization of the Winding of relay I96 a predetermined amount, the'contact members of the relay I96 drop to their open circuit position, thereby.

connecting the capacitor 204 in the energizing cir-cuitof the winding I26 of relay I2. Again,

the large charging current for the capacitori204 the generator I80 is corrected.

The regulating operation of the apparatus of this invention is very sensitive while the apparatus, ofitself, is so rugged as to be capable of withstanding shocks of upwards of 2000 foot pounds. Further, because the apparatus is balarmed and is free of dash pots it can be operated for the apparatus of. this invention, it isapparin any position required for any given installation. Since a minimum of pivots areprovided cut that there are only a minimum of wearing parts and that, therefore maintenance will be held to a minimum. Further, the apparatuscan easily be adjusted to fit the characteristics. of any given dynamo-electric machine. I

Although this invention has been described with reference to a particular embodiment thereof, it is, of course, not to be limited thereto except insofar as is necessitated by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: V

1. In a regulator, in combination, a control re'. lay having an energizing winding and an arma ture member, means comprising a spring mounting for providing a floating pivot for the armature member, and means associated with the armature member and the spring pivot mounting disposed to limit buckling and distortion of the spring pivot mounting under predetermined conditions of shock, said means providing a rigid auxiliary pivot for receiving the armature member under the predetermined conditions of shock to assure operation of the regulator when the shock conditions become greater than can safely be carried by the floating pivot.

2. In a regulator, in combination, a control relay having an energizing winding and an ar mature member, means comprising a spring mounting for providing a floating pivot for the armature member, a member having an edge associated with the armature member and the spring pivot mounting disposed to receive the armature member and provide a rigid bearing support therefor under predetermined conditions of shock which effect a movement of the floating pivot a predetermined distance, and means disposed to limit the movement of the armature member in a direction away from the floating pivot and the rigid bearing support under other predetermined conditions of shock, said limiting means providing another rigid bearing support for the armature member, the rigid bearing supports assuring the operation of the regulator when the shock conditions become greater than can safely be carried by the floating pivot.

3. In a regulator, in combination, a control relay having an energizing winding and an armature member, means comprising a spring mounting for providing a floating pivot for the armature member, a member having a bearing edge associated with the armature member and the spring pivot mounting, the bearing edge be ing disposed not more than .01 of an inch from the spring pivot to provide a rigid bearing support for the armature member under predetermined conditions of shock which effect a movement of the floating pivot a predetermined distance, and means disposed to limit the movement of the armature member in a direction away from the floating pivot and the rigid bearing support to provide another rigid bearing support therefor under other predetermined conditions of shock, said limiting means providing another rigid bearing support for the armature member, the rigid bearing supports assuring the operation of the regulator When the shock conditions become greater than can safely be carried by the floating pivot.

4. In a regulator, in combination, a control relay having an energizing winding and an armature member, means comprising a spring mounting for providing a floating pivot for the armature member, a member having a bearing edge associated with the armature member and the spring pivot mounting, the bearing edge being disposed not more than .01 of an inch from the spring pivot to provide a rigid bearing support for the armature member under predetermined conditions of shock which efiect a movement of the floating pivot apredetermined distance, means disposed to limit the movement of the armature member in a direction away from the floating pivot and the rigid bearing support to provide another rigid bearing support therefor under other predetermined conditions of shock, said limiting means providing another rigid bearing support for the armature member, the rigid bearing supports assuring the operation of the regulator when the shock conditions become greater than can safely be carried. by the floating pivot, and means associated with the armature member disposed to limit the extent of the pivotal movement thereof about the spring pivot and the rigid bearing supports when the winding is energized.

5. In a regulator, in combination, a control relay having an energizing winding and an armature member, means comprising a crossspring mounting for providing a floating pivot for the armature member, each of the cross springs having a fixed end, a member having an edge associated with th armature member and the spring pivot, the edge of the member being disposed in proximity to the pivot to provide a rigid auxiliary pivot for the armature member when the cross-spring mounting is distorted under predetermined conditions of shock to move the floating pivot towards the fixed end of one of the springs, and means disposed to limit the movement of the armature member and provide a second rigid auxiliary pivot therefor when the cross-spring mounting is distorted under other predetermined conditions of shock to move the floating pivot towards the fixed end of the other of the springs, the rigid auxiliary pivots cooperating with the floating pivot to maintain substantially stable operation of the relay and prevent damage to the cross spring mounting when exposed to physical shock.

6. In a regulator, in combination, a control relay having an energizing winding and an armature member, means comprising a crossspring mounting for providing a floating pivot for the armature member, each of the crosssprings having a fixed end, a member having an edge associated with the armature member and the spring pivot, the edge of the member being disposed in proximity to the pivot to provide a rigid auxiliary pivot for the armature member when the cross-spring mounting is distorted under predetermined conditions of shock to move the floating pivot towards the fixed end of one of the springs, means disposed to limit the movement of the armature member and provide a second rigid auxiliary pivot therefor when the cross-spring mounting is distorted under other predetermined conditions of shock to move the floating pivot towards the fixed end of the other of the springs, the rigid auxiliary pivots cooperating with the floating pivot to maintain substantially stable operation of the relay and prevent damage to the cross-spring mounting when exposed to physical shock, and means associated with the armature member disposed to limit the extent of the pivotal movement thereof about the spring pivot and the cooperating rigid bearing supports when the winding is energized in a predetermined manner.

7. In a regulator, in combination, a control relay having an energizing winding and an armature member, means comprising a crossspring mounting for providing a floating pivot for the armature member, each of the crosssprings having a fixed end, a member having a bearing edge associated with the armature membe and the spring pivot mounting, the bearing edge being disposed not more than .01 of an inch from the spring pivot to provide a rigid auxiliary pivot for the armature member when the spring mounting is distorted under predetermined conditions of shock to move the floating pivot towards the fixed end of one of the springs, and means disposed to limit the movement of the armature member and provide another rigid auxiliary pivot therefor when the spring mounting is distorted under other predetermined conditions of shock to move the floating pivot towards the fixed end of the other of the springs, the rigid auxiliary pivots cooperating with the floating pivot to maintain substantially stable operation of the relay'and prevent damage to the cross-spring mounting when exposed to physical shock. g I

8. In a regulator, in combination, a primary control relay and an auxiliary control relay, each of the relays having an armature member and a winding disposed to be energized to control the movement of the related armature member, each of the relays having a spring mounting disposed to provide a floating pivot for each of the armature members, the armature members being longitudinally disposed for pivotal movement through arcs which are substantially at right angles to one another, a, pair of oppositely disposed contact memberscarried by each of the armature members, the contact members carried by the primary armature memberbeing disposed to. selectively engage the contact members carried by the auxiliary armature member in response to a predetermined change in the energization of the winding associated therewith, the winding of the auxiliary control relay effecting a pivotal movement-ofthe auxiliary armature member when energized to abruptly separate the contact members of the, relays, and means associated with the armature member and spring pivot mounting of each of the relays disposed to limit buckling and distortion of the spring pivot mounting under predetermined conditions of shock, said means providing rigid auxiliary pivots for receiving the armature members under the predetermined conditions of shock to assure operation of the regulator when the shock conditions becomegreater than can safely be carried by the floating pivots.

9. In a regulator, in combination, a primary control relay and an auxiliarycontrol relay, each of the relays having an armature member and a Winding disposed to be energized to control the movement of the related armature member, each of the relays having a spring mounting providing a floating pivot for each of the armature members, the armature members being longitudinally disposed for pivotal movement through arcs which are at substantially right angles to one another, a pair of contact members carried by each of the armature members, the contact members of the primary armature member being disposed at one side of the pivot therefor in offset, spaced and facing relation to one another, the contact members of the auxiliary armature member being disposed on opposite sides of the pivot therefor toface in opposite directions and align with the offset contact members of the primary armature member, the armature member of the primary control relay being disposed for pivotal movement in response to a predetermined change in the energization of the winding associated therewith to effect the engagement control relay effecting a pivotal'movement of the auxiliary armature member when energized to abruptly separate the contact members of the relays.

10. In a regulator, in combination, a primary control relay and an auxiliary control relay, each of the relays having an armature member and a winding disposed to be energized to control the movement of the related armature member, each of the relays having a spring mounting providing a pivot for each of the armature members, the armature members being disposed at substantially right angles to one another, a pair of contact members carried by each of the armature members, the contact members of theprimary armature member being disposed at one side of the pivot therefor in offset, spaced and facing relation to one another, the contact members of the auxiliary armature member being disposed on opposite sides of the pivot therefor to face in opposite directions and align with the offset contact members of the primary'armature member, the armature member of the primary,

control relay being disposed for pivotal movement in response to a predetermined change in' the energization of the winding associated there-- with to effect the engagement of one of the contact members carried thereby with its cooperat ing contact member of the auxiliary control relay, the Winding of the auxiliary control relay effecting a pivotal movement of the auxiliary armature member when energized to abruptly separate the contact members of the relays, and

means associated with the armature member and spring mounting of each of the relays disposed. to limit buckling and distortion of the spring pivot mounting under predetermined conditions of shock, said means providing rigid auxiliary pivots for receiving the armature members under the predetermined conditions of shock to assure operation of the regulator when the shock.

come greater than can safely be carried by the floating pivot. V

12. In a regulator, in combination, a control relay having an'energizing winding and an armature member, means comprising a crossspring mounting for providing a floating pivot for the armature member, a rigid pivot forthc armature member, the rigid pivot being disposed closely adjacent the spring mounting to'receive the armature member when the shock conditions move the floating pivot a predetermined distance thereby to limit the load imposed on the float ing pivot and to assure operation of the regulator when the shock conditions become greater than can safely be carried by the floating pivot.

' JOSEPH F. KOVALSKY.

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