US2373480A - Quick-acting door - Google Patents

Description

April 10, 1945.

M. LAMBERT QUICK-ACTING DOOR Filed Oct. 16, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet l April 10, 1945'.

' F. M LAMBERT QUICK-ACTING DOOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 mm a E on;

Filed Oct. 16, 1942 er Mam HTTOPNE) WITNESS April 10, 1945. F. M. LAMBERT QUICK-ACTING DOOR Filed Oct. 16, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Apr. 10, 1945 QUICK-ACTING DOOR Francis M. Lambert, Narberth, Pa., assignor to Heintz Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Pennsylvania Application ()ctober 16, 1942, Serial No. 462,287

Claims.

The invention relates to quick-acting fastening means for ship doors, hatches and the like, and is directed Specifically to fastening mechanism wherein a plurality of dogging bars on a closure member are operated simultaneously by a'common control member to thrust the outer ends of the bars into overlapping relation with respect to the frame member and then move the outer ends transversely toward the frame member to thereby effect a sealing engagement between the edge of the closure member and the frame member.

One of the principal objects of the invention is an increase in efficiency, or a reduction of the hand-wheel load, in a simplified mechanism for locking and sealing such doorsin closed position.

Another object of the invention is the provision of quick-acting mechanism which is so-designed that, with slight movement of the control member, the locking elements are positively thrust into overlapping position with respect to the door and frame, and, by the same movement of the control member, leverage is positively applied to the looking means to seal the edge of the door against the frame, A still further object of the invention is the provision in quick-acting fastening means of rotating mechanism, which, upon rotation in one direction, will operate during apart of the movement to thrust aplurality of dogging bars longitudinally into overlapping position with respect to the frame and, during the final rotational movement in the same direction, will operate .to apply leverage to the dogging bars to seal the edge of the door to'the frame, and, upon rotation in the reverse direction, will at first apply leverage to the dogging bars to relieve the pressure between the, edge of the door and the frame and, upon continued rotation in the reverse direction, will withdraw the dogging bars from a position overlapping the frame to thereby permit the door to be opened in the customary manner. Other objects and advantages of the improvement will be apparent from the following description, taken with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a rear elevational View of a door and frame with the improved quick-acting fastening means incorporated therein, the rear door panel being partly broken away for-purposes of clarit Fig. 2 is an enlarged detailed View taken near the middle of Fig. 1 and showing the actuating means for the fastening mechanism and one of the units of the mechanism, the latter being shown in undogged position;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing the parts in dogged position;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2 and showing some of the parts of the device in elevation;

' Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of one of the spiders which actuates the dogging bars, taken substantially on the line 55 of'Fig. 2, and omitting the dogging bars and the crank pins to which their inner ends are connected;

Fig. 6 is a rear elevational View of the crank arm forming a part of each spider;

Fig. 7 is a front elevational view of the cam plate associated with the crank'arm shown in 8 is an enlarged rear elevational view of a portion of the fastener unit shown at the top of Fig. 1; v

Fig. 9 is a. transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line 9-9 of Fig. 8; and V Figs. 10, Hand l2are views in rear elevation,

plan, and end elevation, respectively, of the inner end of one of the dogging bars.

The improvements are disclosed herein in connection with a door I which forms a closure member cooperating with theframe 2 of a door opening, hatchway, or the like. The frameZ is preferably of the type which is provided with a flange or coaming 3 which cooperates with the edge of the door I to seal the latter in closed position. Preferably the frame 2 is provided on the face opposite the flange 3 with a reinforcing or'dogging strip 4. While no hinging means is shown, the door I may be hinged on the frame 2 in any suitable manner so that its edges'are brought into over-lapping relation with the coaming 3 when it is in closed position.

The door proper-comprises a front panel 5, a rear panel 6* and a marginal reinforcing member I on the inner face of the front panel, and the margin of the front panel 5 is preferably'turned over, as shown at 8, to form achannel for a gasket 9 of rubber or the like clamped-between the edge 8 and the reinforcing member I. A suitable numcrank arm I3, a cam plate It associated therewith, and a plurality of crank pins l5 interconnecting the crank arm 13 and the cam plate 14.

The cam plate 14 may be integral with the crank arm l3, but as disclosed herein it is'secured on the outer end of an axial hub I16 projecting from the rear face of the crank arm I 3. When constructed in this manner the outer end of the hub l6 and the adjacent face of the cam plate I4 may be provided with interlocking clutch teeth in order that the crank arm I 3 and the cam' plate I 4 may rotate together upon rotation of the crank arm. A bearing sleeve I1 extending through the hub I6 and through a central opening it in the cam plate l4 forms a bearing'for the spider l2 and. supports the same on a spindle P9; The enlarged head 20 on the spindle T9 is welded or otherwise secured to a. transverse reinforcing bar l0, and the spider I2 is retainedon the spindle by a nut 2| threaded thereon and engaging with the outer face of the cam plate l4.

Associated with each spider #2 is a plurality of doggingbars 22. The inner endi oi. each dogging bar 22- isprov-idedwith enlarged opening 23 to receive one "of p the; crank. pins 5, and Y the outer-end is arranged to be thrust into and out oi overlapping-,zposition withrespect to-the frame member '2. -'Ihe:o1 1ter.end portion of each'doge ging bar 22 is slidably supported in a uide post secured on a reinforcing-bar ID or H. near the outer edgeof the door, As shownin Figs.- 8 and 9 of the drawings, each guide post 24 is provided with a transverse. slot 25 to receive the dogging bar. The irmer end of the slot 25is shaped to provide a transverse ripe-25 and form a support foraspringflwith which oneedge of the dogging bar 22 is held in sliding engagement. The .bar 22 is held on the: spring-21 by-a follower plate 28 in contact-with the edge. of the bar opposite the spring 21. .The-endsof the follower plate28 are cut away to. conform to-thesh'ape'of the side walls of the slot 25, as-shownby the dotted lines in Fig.;.8, inorder to-retain the follower plate in the slot. A set screw-29-intheouter endxof: the guide post 24 and-in alignment with anopening 3i! in panel 6: has. itsrinner endin contact with; the follower plate .28 in order to 1 control the extent of compression of :the gasket-.9. order-to..reduce the dimensions of the actuating: means for the dogging bars in the directionuof the thiclmess of the-door, .-the inner portion of each dogging .bar 2'2 reduced in. width asshown at, and theextreme inner-endisflattened as shown at 32. The fiatusection- 32 is joined to.- the reduced. .endportion. 3 thy. a. tapered edge portion 33 adjacent the-crank: pin opening 2 3, and the tapered part 33-- serves as a cam face in.v the application of leverage to the dogging bar 22in sealing the. door in closed position. The enlarged opening 23 permits the inner .end of the bar to move. axially on the crank pin l5, with-.

to apply leverage to the dogging bar when in this position, and thus complete the sealing action, one of the locking earns 34 on the rear face of the crank arm l3 cooperates with the tapered surface 33 to force the inner end of the dogging bar away from the crank arm l3, in the direction of the cam plate M. The outer end of the bar is thus forced tightly against the dogging strip 4 andcompresses the gasket 9' between the edge of the door and the flange 3. It is is desired to emphasize that the helix angle of each cam 34 is approximately travel for a slight rotation of the cam. As a consequence, aslight rotating movement of each spider f2 is sufiicient to move the inner end of each dogging bar to a considerable extent in a direction to apply leverage to-the bars when the door is being sealed. The particular location of the guide post or fulcrum 24 serves to convert the large leverage movementof the inner end ofv each dogging bar into a small movement of the outer end to produce the necessary compression of gas.- ket 9.- The locking cams or wedge elementsare therefore associated with the spider instead of with the frame member, as is customary, in-order that this higher wedge-efficiency may be attained.

Upon rotation of the spider 12 in a reverse direction, cam 34 releases the inner endof each bar andone of. the earns 35 on the cam plate [4,. ad- J'acent crank pin l5, moves the inner end of the dogging bar 22 away from the cam plate I4, inthe directiono'f the crank arm H, to thus relieve the pressure between the coaming 3 and. the gasket 9' to permit withdrawal of the dogging. bar upon continued rotation of the spider l2 in the reverse direction. The two cams 34 and 35 associated out. anybinding action, as leverage is applied to the bar to fulcrum it in the guidepost 24 and overlapping engagement. with the, dogging. strip 4 to thus-effect a slight compression: of the gasket 9 between the outer edge of. the door and the flange 3. whenthe dogging bar is in substantial gnm t w t i e xis; o he; s r. "I or with each dogging bar are so arranged on the crank arm l3 and the cam. plate 14, respectively, that oneis in operative position when the other is in inoperative position. When so arranged'the locking cam 34 on the. crank arm. retains the: dog.- ging bar in sealing'position when the dogging bar is substantially in alignment with the axis of the spider, and the associated.cam-.35on the cam plate retains the dogging bar in the unsealed position When'thev dogging bar is withdrawn and substantially at right angles to a line joining its crank pin: andthe axis of the spider.

In orderthat the spiders i2 may be usedxinterchangeably in the variouspositions as shown. in Fig. '1, each is provided with fourcrank pins 15 and foursets of associated cams 34 and;35: With the arrangement of fastener units illustrated-inn Fig-.5 1 however, it. will be understoodthat: only three of; the crankpins 15' are utilized the upper and: lowerlfastenerunits; and that: only two of the crank pins l5. are utilized with the middle unit.. Wit-h: closure members of. adifferent' form: or size,, more or less; of? the crank pins and their asso ciated. cams: may be: utilized; and: it will be. understood that each. spider: may; be provided with such: number of crank pins and associated sets of cams as desired,;dependent uponthe number of dogging barsoperated thereby. .E'achz of the cams 34 is located adjacent a.crank-pin;15 and' on the side of the pinoppositeihub'ilii; while each cam 35 of the assembled spider is locatedi between two-consecutive crank pinsand isthus offset; circumferentially and radially inwardrfirom cams- 34.a

since this angle produces maximum efliciency and gives a great extent of arm and extending through an opening in the link bar. When so connected, rotational movement of one spider will effect rotation of the other spiders in unison therewith. The means provided for actuating the link bar 36 and thus effecting simultaneous rotational movement of the spiders l2 comprises a shaft 3! supported in a bearing 38 which is secured in the reinforcing bar ll near the middle of the door. A pair of aligned crank arms 39 on the shaft 3'! have a spindle 43 secured in their outer ends. A hub 4| is rotatably mounted on the spindle 40 and is integral with the inner end of a toggle arm 42. The outer end of togglearm 42 is connected to the link bar 36 by a pin 43 secured on the toggle bar 36 downwardly, while rotational movement of the shaft 31 in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise from the position shown in Fig. 3, will serve to move the link bar 36 upwardly. As shown in Fig. 4, each end of shaft 31 is provided with manual means for rotating the same and, preferably, this means is in the form of a hand wheel 44 secured on the outer end of the shaft, one hand wheel being outside the front panel 5 and the other wheel being outside the rear panel 6. Auxiliary control means, such as a hand lever 45, is fixed to each hand wheel 44 for the purpose of giving additional leverage when such is desired in the operation of fastening and unfastening the door.

The hand lever 45 also serves as a gravity actuated device to retain the fastening means in both the dogged and undogged positions. When the various parts of the mechanism are in the undogged position, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 of the drawings, the hand wheel 44 has been rotated in a clockwise direction to an extent determined by the engagement of the lower end of arm 42 with shaft 31 as shown in Fig. 2. With the parts of the mechanism in the position shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, the lower end of the arm 42 engages with the shaft 31 to limit the movement of the hand wheel at a position in which the action of gravity upon the hand lever 45 tends to continue the movement of the hand wheel 44 in a clockwise direction. The parts will thus be retained in the undogged position until the hand wheel 44 is again rotated in a counterclockwise direction.

Upon rotation of the handwheel 44 in a counter-clockwise direction from that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the parts of. the mechanism will be moved into the dogged position as shown in Fig. 3. Movement of the hand wheel in the counter-clockwise direction is limited by the engagement of the concave edge of arm 42 with the shaft 31. When at its limit of movement in this direction, that is, when the parts are in dogged position, the hand lever 45 is so positioned that the action of gravity thereon tends to continue the movement of the hand wheel 44 in a. counterclockwise direction and thus retain the parts in dogged position.

A detent device, such as a spring 45, tends to retain the parts in their respective positions when the shaft 31 has been rotated to the limit of its movement. in each direction. This spring is bolted-to overhanging bracket 41. on the hub 4i, and one end is bent as shown at 4B for engagement with shaft 31 when the parts are in undogged position, and the other end is bent as shown at 49 for engagement with shaft 31 when the parts are in dogged position.

Inasmuch as the operation of the various features of the improvement has been described above in connection with the description of the structure of the parts, no further explanation of the operation is believed to be necessary. While a preferred form of the improvement has been disclosed, together with a certain arrangement of the different parts, it is to be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the precise form and arrangement of parts disclosed. The above description and the accompanying drawings are therefore to be regarded as illustrative only and it is to be understood that the invention is susceptible of other forms and arrangements so long as they come within the scope of the appended claims.

What I desire to claim is: I

1. In a quick-acting door of the type in which the edges of a closure member are clamped to the edges of a frame member, the combination of a spider rotatably mounted on said closure member, a plurality of dogging bars fulcrumed on said closure member and having their outer ends movable into and out of position overlapping said frame member, a crank pin connecting the inner end of each dogging bar directly to said spider for thrusting the. outer end of said bars outwardly into overlapping relation with re spect to said frame member upon rotation of said spider to a predetermined extent in one direction, a cam on said spider for applying leverage to the inner end of each of said bars to move said outer ends transversely toward said frame member upon further rotation of said spider in the same direction, means for preventing such lever action of said bars when in withdrawn position, and means for rotating said spider.

2. In a quick-acting door of the type in which the edges of a closure member are clamped to the edges of a frame member, the combination of a spider rotatably mounted on said closure member, a plurality of dogging bars fulcrumed on said closure member and having their outer ends movable into and out of position overlapping said frame member, a crank pin connecting the inner end or each dogging bar directly to said spider for thrusting the outer ends of said bars outwardly into overlapping relation with respect to said frame member upon rotation of said spider to a predetermined extent in one direction, a cam on said spider for applying leverage to each bar to move itsinner end endwise on said crank pin and its outer end transversely toward said frame upon further rotation of said spider in the same direction, means for' preventing such leveraction of said bars when in withdrawn position, and means for rotating said spider.

3. In a quick-acting door of the type in which the edges of a closure member are clamped to the edges of a frame member, the combination of a spider rotatably mounted on said closure member, a plurality of dogging bars fulcrumed on said closure member and having their outer ends movable into and out of position overlapping said frame member, a pin connecting the inner endof each dogging bar to said spider for thrusting the outer ends of said bars outwardly into overlapping relation with respect to said frame, member upon rotation of said spider to a predetermined extent in one direction, a locking cam on each spider for applyingleverageto each bar to move its outer end transversely toward said frame member upon further rotation of. said spider in the same direction, means actuated upon reverse rotation of said spiderto apredetermined extent to move the :outer ends :of said bars transversely away from said frame member prior to their movement out of position over-.

lapping said frame member, and tating said spider. i

, 4- In a quick-acting door of the type in which the edges of a closure member'are clamped to the edges of a frame member, the combination of aspiderrotatably mounted on said closure memmeans for rober, a plurality of dogging bars fulcrumed on said. closure member and havingtheir outerends movable into and out of position overlapping said frame member, a pin connecting the inner end of each dogging bar to saidspider for thrusting the outer ends ofsaid bars outwardly into overlappingrelation with respect to said frame member upon rotation-of said spider to apredetermined extent in one direction, a locking cam on each spider for applying leverage'to each bar to move its outer end transversely toward said frame member upon, further rotation of said spider in the same direction, a cam associated with each pin for resisting leveragemovement of each bar during its outward thrust and for releasing each bar for leverage movement during the operation of said locking cam, and means f or rotating said spider.

5. In quick-acting fastenlng means for a door of the type inwhichtheedges of a closure memher are clamped to the edges of'a frame member, a spider rotatably mounted on said'closure member, a plurality of dogging barsfulcrumed near the outer edge of said closure member and having endwise movement-into and out of overlapping position with respect to said frame member, connecting means between the inner ends of said dogging bars .and said spider for thrusting the outer ends of said dogging bars into and out of the type in which the edges of a. closure memher are clamped to the edges of a frame member, a spider rotatably mountedon said closure member, aplurality of dogging bars fulcrumed near the outer edge of saidclosure member and having endwise movement into and out of overlapping position with respect to said frame member, connecting means between the -inner ends of said dogging bars and said spider for thrusting the outer ends of said dogging bars into and out of overlapping position with'respect to said frame member upon rotation of said spider in opposite directions, a cam operatively connected to said spider for applying leverage to said dogging bars to move the outer ends thereof," transversely toward said frame member at the completion of the rotational movement of saidspider to thrust said dogging bars, outwardly, a, cam operatively connected to said spider for applying dogging bars to move the outer ends. thereof transversely away from said frame members at the beginning of the rotational movement of said spider to retract said dogging bars, and means forrotating said spider.

'7. In quick-acting fastening means for a door, aicirankiarm pivotally mountedon said door and having a crank pin thereon, a guide post mounted near the edge of said door, a dogging bar having its outer end slidably supported in said guide post. and itsinner end connected to said crank pin for :movement lengthwise thereon, means on said crank arm for moving the inner end of said dogging bar in one direction on said crank pin as said crank arm is rotated in one direction to bring said crank pin and the axis of said crank arm into alignment with said dogging bar, and means on said crank pin for moving the inner end of said dogging bar in the opposite direction on said crank pin as said crank arm is rotated in the opposite direction with said crank pin and the axis of said crank arm out of alignment with said dogging bar. r

8. In quick-acting fastening means for a door,

av crank arm, a spindle on which said crank arm is rotatably mounted, a cam plate spaced from said crank arm and rotatable therewith on said spindle, a crank pin interconnecting said crank arm and said ca'm plate, a dogging bar having its inner end mounted on said crank pin and movable thereon toward and away from said crank arm and said cam plate, a fulcrum in which the outer end of said dogging bar is slidably supported, acam on said crank arm for moving the inner end of said dogging bar toward said cam plate during the final rotational movement of said crank arm in one direction, a cam on said cam plate for moving the inner end of said dogging bar toward said crank arm during the initial rotational movement of said crank arm in the reverse direction, and means for rotating said crank arm.

9. In a quick-acting-door of the type in which the edges of a closure member are clamped to the edges of a frame member, the combination of a plurality of spiders rotatably mounted on said closure member, a. plurality of dogging bars fulcrumed near the outer edge of said closure member and having their outer ends slidable into and out of position overlapping said frame member, a crank 'pin connection between the inner end of each dogging bar and one of said spiders for thrusting the outer ends of said dogging bars outwardly into overlapping relation with respect to said frame member upon rotation of said spiders to a predetermined extent in one direction a cam on said spider for applying leverage to each of said dogging bars to move their outer ends transversely toward said frame member upon further rotation of said spiders in the same directiommeans for preventing such lever action of said bars when in withdrawn position, interconnecting means between saidspiders for rotating the same in unison, and means for actuating said interconnecting means to rotate said spiders.

1 0. In quick-acting fastening means for a' door, a plurality of crank arms pivotally mounted 'on said 'door, a crank pin on each of said crank arms, a plurality of guide posts mounted near the edge of said door, a dogging bar associated with each of said crankar'ms with its outer end leverage to said fulcrumed and slidably supported in one of said of said crank pins and movable lengthwise thereon, cam means actuated by the rotation of said crank arms to move the inner end of each dogging bar in one direction on its crank pin when said crank arms are rotated to bring the axis of each into alignment with the dogging bars associated therewith and move the inner end of each dogging bar in the opposite direction on its crank pin when said crank arms are reversely rotated so that the axis of each crank arm is out of alignment with the dogging bar associated therewith, and means for actuating said crank arms in unison.

11. In quick-acting fastening means for a door, the combination of a spider rotatably mounted on said door, a plurality of dogging bars fulcrumed adjacent the edge of said door and slidable toward and away from the edge of said door, connecting means between the inner ends of said bars and said spider for thrusting said bars outwardly toward the edge of said door upon rotation of said spider to a predetermined extent in one direction, means actuated upon further rotation of said spider in the same direction to move the outer ends of said bars transversely toward said door, means actuated upon reverse rotation of said spider to a predetermined extent to move the outer ends of said bars transversely away from said door, said connecting means operating to withdraw said bars inwardly away from the edge of said door upon further reverse rotation of said spider, and means for rotating said spider in opposite directions.

12. In quick-acting fastening means for a door, a plurality of dogging bars mounted on said door for endwise movement toward and away from the edge of said door, rotatable means on said door for thrusting said bars outwardly upon rotion of said rotatable means to a predetermined extent to move the outer ends of said bars transversely away from said door, said rotatable means operating to retract said bars inwardly upon further reverse rotation thereof, and means for actuating said rotatable means. v

13. In quick-acting fastening means for a door, a pluralit of crank arms rotatably mounted on said door, a dogging bar associated with each crank arm and having its outer end fulcrumed and slidably supported adjacent the outer edge of said door, means on said crank arms and actuated upon rotation of said arms in one direction to thrust said bars outwardly with respect to the edge of said door and move the outer ends thereof transversely toward said edge and upon reverse rotation to move the outer ends of said bars transversely away from the edge of said door and withdraw said bars inwardly with respect to said edge, a link bar connecting said crank arms for oper-, ating the same in unison and means for actuating said link bar.

14. In quick-acting fastening means for a door, a crank arm, an axial hub on one face thereof, a plurality of cams arranged on said face concentrically with respect to said hub and equally spaced from each other, a cam plate secured on the outer end of said hub, and a plurality of cams on the face of said plate adjacent said crank arm and arranged concentrically with respect to said hub and offset radially and circumferentially with respect to said first named cams.

15. In quick-acting fastening means for a door, a crank arm, an axial hub on one face of said arm, a crank pin on said'face, a cam on said face spaced outwardly from said crank pin, a cam plate on the outer end of said hub, and a cam on the face of said cam plate adjacent said crank arm and offset circumferentially and inwardly with respect to the cam on said crank arm.

FRANCIS M. LAMBERT.

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