US2311307A - Production of metal carbonyls - Google Patents
Production of metal carbonyls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2311307A US2311307A US315780A US31578040A US2311307A US 2311307 A US2311307 A US 2311307A US 315780 A US315780 A US 315780A US 31578040 A US31578040 A US 31578040A US 2311307 A US2311307 A US 2311307A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- carbonyl
- carbon monoxide
- production
- melt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 title description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940087654 iron carbonyl Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJCVBMSXIPFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].S=O Chemical compound [C].S=O IJCVBMSXIPFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
- C01G1/04—Carbonyls
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in the production of metal carbonyls.
- the reaction between carbonyl-forming metals and carbon monoxide used for the technical production of metal carbonyls proceeds the more rapidly the more finely divided the state of the metal exposed to the action of the carbon mon- 7 oxide.
- various methods have been proposed and inpart employed, as for example the reduction of metal oxides by gases, especially at low temperatures, if desired with an addition of substances which prevent sinteri ng, or the decomposition of the corresponding amalgams at low temperatures.
- an addition of 10 per cent of bismuth to molten nickel increases the reactivity of the nickel to such a degree that 80.5 per cent of the bismuthcontaining nickel are volatilized in the form of carbonyl under the same conditions.
- Re'adyformed oxides may also be added to the melts.
- nickel oxide By an addition of a small percentage, e. g. 5 per cent, of nickel oxide to a nickel melt, the reactivity of the nickel is considerably increased.
- a mixture of iron oxide with an amount of carbon insufficient for a complete reduction of the said oxide may be fused together, in order to obtain a suitable initial material for the production of iron carbonyl,
- oxidic materials substantially free from carbonyl-forming metals such as kieselguhr or the like, exert a favorable activating effect.
- the deposition of the substances added or formed during the smelting on the grain boundaries can be asisted in many cases by a thermal treatment.
- Example 1 Massive iron metal is treated for hours at 200 C. with carbon monoxide under a pressure of 200 atmospheres. It is scarcely attacked.
- the residue mainly consists of iron oxide.
- Example 2 5 and 10 parts of kieselbuhr are added respectively to two melts each of parts of iron and after cooling each of the masses is treated with carbon monoxide as described in'Example l. 25 and 35 per cent of the material respectively are converted into iron carbonyl.
- Example 3 atilized as carbonyl by treatment with carbon 55 monoxide under the said conditions. If the formation of oxide is efiected by blowing air into the melt and the melt is slowly cooled, the material can be broken under tha hammer and shows a grey fracture. When treating this material in the form of pieces with carbon monoxide under the same conditions,- 50 per cent oi. the
- a process of producing metal carbonyls by reacting a carbonyl-forming metal with carbon monoxide which comprises melting a carbonylforming metal substantially free from sulphur, acting with oxygen upon the melt to form subordinate amounts of the oxide 01' the said metal, cooling the melt and subjecting the solidified mass to the action of carbon monoxide to form the carbonyl.
- a process of producing metal carbonyls by reacting a carbonyl-forming metal with carbon monoxide which comprises melting a carbonylforming metal substantially free from sulphur, acting with air upon the melt to form subordinate amounts oi the oxide of the said metal, cooling the melt and subjecting the solidified mass to the action of carbon monoxide to form the carbonyl.
- a process of producing metal carbonyls by reacting a carbonyl-forming metal with carbon monoxide which comprises melting a carbonylforming metal substantially free from sulphur, adding to the melt subordinate amounts of an oxide which are deposited on the grain boundaries of the solidified metal, cooling the melt and subjecting the solidified mass to the action oi the carbon monoxide to form the carbonyl.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented Feb. 16, 1943 PRODUCTION OF .METAL CARBONYLS Rudolf Staeger, Ludwigsli'afen-on-the-Rhine, Peter Assmann, Berlin, and Kurt Ehrmann, Mannheim, Germany, assignors, by mesne assignments, to General Aniline & Film Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application January 26, 1940, Serial No. 315,780. In Germany October 13, 1938 4 Claims.
The present invention relates to improvements in the production of metal carbonyls. I The reaction between carbonyl-forming metals and carbon monoxide used for the technical production of metal carbonyls proceeds the more rapidly the more finely divided the state of the metal exposed to the action of the carbon mon- 7 oxide. 'In order to obtain suitable finely divided metals, various methods have been proposed and inpart employed, as for example the reduction of metal oxides by gases, especially at low temperatures, if desired with an addition of substances which prevent sinteri ng, or the decomposition of the corresponding amalgams at low temperatures. It is also known that the content of carbonyl-forming metals in sulphurcontaining smelting products, so-called mattes, is very readily converted into carbonyl by a treatment with carbon monoxide, especially under pressure, even when the said mattes are not in a finely divided state. Since the reactivity of such smelting products" approximately corresponds to that to finely divided metals, but their weight per unit of volume is higher,-.j their use offers economic advantages. Disadvantages are the troublesome development of sulphur-containing gases in the preparation of the smelting products and the formation of carbon oxysulphide which occurs in the treatment with carbon monoxide of materials rich in sulphur under very high pressures.
We have now found that the said disadvantages may be obviated while retaining the said advantages of a great reactivity and favorable space filling by starting from substantially sulphur-free smelting products which during their preparation have been activated with sulphurfree substances which while cooling the melt, are deposited on the grain boundaries of the metal. A specially suitable activator for the carbonyl formation is oxygen which leads to the formation of oxides which are deposited on the grain boundaries of the metal during the solidification of the melts. Also arsenic and bismuth may be employed as activators. Whereas for instance nickel sheet loses only 7.2 per cent of its weight in the form of carbonyl when treating it for 6 hours with carbon monoxide at 220 C. under a pressure of 200 atmospheres, an addition of 10 per cent of bismuth to molten nickel increases the reactivity of the nickel to such a degree that 80.5 per cent of the bismuthcontaining nickel are volatilized in the form of carbonyl under the same conditions. Re'adyformed oxides may also be added to the melts.
By an addition of a small percentage, e. g. 5 per cent, of nickel oxide to a nickel melt, the reactivity of the nickel is considerably increased. A mixture of iron oxide with an amount of carbon insufficient for a complete reduction of the said oxide may be fused together, in order to obtaina suitable initial material for the production of iron carbonyl,
Furthermore oxidic materials substantially free from carbonyl-forming metals, such as kieselguhr or the like, exert a favorable activating effect.
The deposition of the substances added or formed during the smelting on the grain boundaries can be asisted in many cases by a thermal treatment.
The following examples will further illustrate how the said invention may be carried out in practice but the invention is not restricted to these examples. The parts are by weight.
Example 1 Massive iron metal is treated for hours at 200 C. with carbon monoxide under a pressure of 200 atmospheres. It is scarcely attacked.
per cent of the ironoriginally present as metal;
the residue mainly consists of iron oxide.
Example 2 5 and 10 parts of kieselbuhr are added respectively to two melts each of parts of iron and after cooling each of the masses is treated with carbon monoxide as described in'Example l. 25 and 35 per cent of the material respectively are converted into iron carbonyl.
Example 3 atilized as carbonyl by treatment with carbon 55 monoxide under the said conditions. If the formation of oxide is efiected by blowing air into the melt and the melt is slowly cooled, the material can be broken under tha hammer and shows a grey fracture. When treating this material in the form of pieces with carbon monoxide under the same conditions,- 50 per cent oi. the
nickel volatilizes as carbonyl.
What we claim is:.
v. 1. A proces oi. producing metal carbonyls- 2. A process of producing metal carbonyls by reacting a carbonyl-forming metal with carbon monoxide which comprises melting a carbonylforming metal substantially free from sulphur, acting with oxygen upon the melt to form subordinate amounts of the oxide 01' the said metal, cooling the melt and subjecting the solidified mass to the action of carbon monoxide to form the carbonyl.
3. A process of producing metal carbonyls by reacting a carbonyl-forming metal with carbon monoxide which comprises melting a carbonylforming metal substantially free from sulphur, acting with air upon the melt to form subordinate amounts oi the oxide of the said metal, cooling the melt and subjecting the solidified mass to the action of carbon monoxide to form the carbonyl.
4. A process of producing metal carbonyls by reacting a carbonyl-forming metal with carbon monoxide which comprises melting a carbonylforming metal substantially free from sulphur, adding to the melt subordinate amounts of an oxide which are deposited on the grain boundaries of the solidified metal, cooling the melt and subjecting the solidified mass to the action oi the carbon monoxide to form the carbonyl.
RUDOLF STAEGER. PETER ASSMANN. KURT EHRMANN,
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2311307X | 1938-10-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2311307A true US2311307A (en) | 1943-02-16 |
Family
ID=7994484
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US315780A Expired - Lifetime US2311307A (en) | 1938-10-13 | 1940-01-26 | Production of metal carbonyls |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2311307A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2615831A (en) * | 1949-12-08 | 1952-10-28 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Desulfurization of hydrocarbon mixtures with nickel carbonyl |
CN103128311A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-06-05 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for producing superfine carbonyl iron powders |
-
1940
- 1940-01-26 US US315780A patent/US2311307A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2615831A (en) * | 1949-12-08 | 1952-10-28 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Desulfurization of hydrocarbon mixtures with nickel carbonyl |
CN103128311A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-06-05 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for producing superfine carbonyl iron powders |
CN103128311B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-08-12 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of method of producing superfine iron carbonyl powder |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2244608A (en) | Process of making alloys of aluminum beryllium | |
US2620555A (en) | Contact alloys | |
US2662820A (en) | Method for producing cast iron | |
US2311307A (en) | Production of metal carbonyls | |
US2228781A (en) | Process for the production of magnesium-zirconium alloys | |
US2086881A (en) | Production of nickel and iron carbonyls | |
US2676097A (en) | Composition for addition to cast iron or steel | |
US1040699A (en) | Alloy and process of producing the same. | |
US2286311A (en) | Magnesium-zirconium alloy | |
US3189444A (en) | Metallic composition and method of making | |
US2610911A (en) | Metallurgy | |
US3907554A (en) | Additive for steel baths | |
US2956873A (en) | Method of removing hydrogen from molten metal | |
US2037672A (en) | Method of producing metal powders | |
US1752474A (en) | Method of treating metals | |
US1025426A (en) | Article composed essentially of titanium and silver and method of producing the same. | |
US1401927A (en) | Process of recovering molybdenum from molybdenite | |
US2349266A (en) | Iron and steel products and process of producing the same | |
US1671345A (en) | Method of preparing catalytic materials | |
US2043363A (en) | Reduction of ores by metallic calcium | |
US1028216A (en) | Melting and casting magnesium and alloys thereof. | |
US1508243A (en) | Treatment of refined copper from copper oxide | |
US2816020A (en) | Method of producing titanium | |
US2383281A (en) | Process for producing magnesium containing beryllium | |
US1949082A (en) | Method of obtaining heavy-metal beryllium alloys |