US2311254A - Engine - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 16, 1943.

s. c. RAYBON v ENGINE Filed Dec. 16, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 o wt o Qt O QTO ATTOR N EYS Patented Feb. 16, 1943 UNETED ST ENGINE Sidney (l l taybon, Dawson, Ga.

Application December 16, 1940, Serial No. 370,410 5 Claims. -(oi. 123-51) My invention relates tointernal combustion engines, and has among its objects and advantages the provision of an improved engine wherein two oppositely travelling pistons operate in each cylinder, together with a novel valve arrangement and actuating means therefor.

In'the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of the invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the invention;

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view;

Figure 4 is an end View illustrating the manner in which the two parallel crankshafts are operatively connected to a common power takeoff shaft;

Figure 5 is a sectional detail view illustrating one of the valve mounts; and

Figure 6 is a view taken from the position indicated by line 6-6 of Figure 5.

In the embodiment selected to illustrate the invention, the engine comprises two parallel crank cases l interconnected by a cylinder block [2 provided with a plurality of horizontal cylinder bores I4 lying in a common plane. For an engine designed for mounting in automobiles or trucks, the chassis frame members l6 provide supports for the crank case faces 16.

'Fig. 3 illustrates one of the cylinder bores l4. and two pistons 26 operating therein. Each cylinder bore is provided with two opposed pistons moving simultaneously in opposite directions. Each pair of pistons 20 is connected with a crankshaft22 in one of the crank cases ID. The two crankshafts 22 lie in parallelism and each is provided with a gear 24, see Fig. 4 meshing with an idle gear 26. The two gears 26 mesh with a gear 28 keyed to the power take-off shaft 36; which shaft is provided with the usual flywheel 32, as illustrated in Fig. 2. Gears 24, 26 and 26 are enclosed in a housing 34.

The power take-off shaft 36 is operatively connected with the two crankshafts22 through the medium of the two sets of gears 24 and 26. 'While Fig. 2 illustrates the engine as embodying six cylinders, the present invention is equallywell adapted to engines embodying a greater or'less number of cylinders. The firing order of the engine may be in conformity with standardpractice. One of the crankshafts 22 is provided with a gear 36 meshing with a gear 38 which drives a cam shaft 46 through the medium of which the intake and exhaust valves are actuated.

According to Figs. 2 and 3, the intake valves 42are aligned in a straight row lengthwise of the engine block and along the top thereof, .while the exhaust valves 44 arealigned axially underneath the intake valves in a straight row depending from the bottom of the engine block. Fig. illustrates the specific construction of one of the intake valves 42. The valve stem 46 is slidably guided in the bore 46 ofthe guide member 56, which guidememberis provided with a tapered end 52 pressed against the face of a tapered bore 54 leading into the cylinder bore [4. Guide member 50 includes a passage 56 for the fuel mixture and the member is provided with a valve seat 58' arranged to be engaged by the valve element 60 on the lower end of the stem '46.

A threaded 'bore62 is provided in the block l2 in axial alignment with the tapered bore 54 for the reception of a nut 64 engaging the shoulder 66 on the guide member 56 to press the ta,- pered end 52 firmly againstthe face 54 to effect a seal tight condition. Nut 64 may be split to facilitate mounting on the guide member 56 and subsequently welded into a unitary structure, as at in Figure 6. A spanner wrench may be employed for turning the nut in the bore 62.

Projecting laterallyfrom the guide member 56 is a boss 68'externally threaded for the reception of a threaded collar 10. Between the flange 12 on the end of aneck 14 projecting from the intake manifold 16 and the end of the boss 68 is positioned a gasket!!! which is firmly clamped in position through tightening of the collar 16. Collar Ill is flanged at 86 to engage a gasket 82 pressed against the outer face of the flange 12. The passage 56 extends through the boss 68 and communicates with the opening in the neck 14.

Fig. 1 illustrates the intakemanifold 16 as extending longitudinally of the engine, and all the intake valves 42 and the exhaust valves 44 are identical in construction with the illustration of Fig. 5. Fig. 3 illustrates the location ofthe intake manifold 16 above the cylinder block 7 l2 with the exhaust manifold -84- positioned beneath the cylinder block and verticallyaligned with the intake manifold 16. a i p In Fig, 5, a shoulder 86-isformed on the guide member 56 to constitute an abutmentfor the valve spring 68 abutting the washer 96 keyed to the valve stem 46 Since the exhaust valve structures are identical 'withthe intake valve structures, the same reference numerals are 1' applied to both the valve structures; In Figs. 1 and 3, the rocker arms 92 for-actuating the intake valves 42' and therocker arms 94 for actuating the exhaust valves 44' are all aligned ina straight row above the cylinder block I2. Each ofthe rocker'armsi92 and 94 is pivotally connected at 96, see Fig. 3, with the bifurcated head 98 at the upper end of a vertical support I having a flange I02 bolted to the cylinder block I2, as at I04. Each of the rocker arms 92 is actuated through the medium of a push rod I06 slidably guided in a bore I08 in a casting IIO bolted at II2 to a ledge II4 formed on the cylinder block I2. Each of the push rods I06 is actuated through an individual cam II6 on the cam shaft 40, which cam shaft is rotatably journaled in bearings II8, one of which is illustrated in Fig. 3. The aligned rocker arms 92 are enclosed in a housing I20 bolted at I22 to the casting I I0 and at I24 to a housing section I26 secured to the cylinder block I2. The intake valve structures 42 project partly inside the housing I20 and the housing section I26.

Fig. 3 illustrates one of the rocker arms 92 engaging the valve stem 46 of the one intake valve structure 42 illustrated therein. In Fig. 2, rocker arms I28 engage the valve stems 46 of the exhaust valves 44, which rocker arms are arranged in a straight row underneath the rocker arms 92 and at right angles thereto. Each rocker arm I28 is pivotally connected at I30 with the bifurcated head I32 of a vertical support I34 depending from the cylinder block I2 and bolted thereto, as at I36. A long verticalpush rod I38 is provided for each of the rocker arms I28, and each push rod I 38 is slidably guided in a vertical bore I40 in the cylinder block I2 and in tubular extensions I42 extending upwardly and downwardly from the cylinder block. Thus the rocker arms I28, which are located underneath the cylinder block I2, are actuated through the medium of the long push rods I38 which extend upwardly for coaction with the rocker arms 94 mounted above the cylinder block. The one cam shaft 40 actuates the two sets of rocker arms 92 and 94. In arranging the intake valve structures 42 and 44 in respective groups on opposite sides of the cylinder block I2, each group of valve structures is readily accessible, and the groups are axially aligned so as to function advantageously in connection with the firing chambers of the respective cylinders in an engine of the two piston opposed type.

The cylinder block I2 is provided with a water jacket I44 about the greater lengths of the cylinders I46. Each of the crank cases I0 is provided with a plate I48 detachably secured thereto by bolts I50. Each case is also provided with a pan I52 detachably secured thereto by screws I54. A housing I56 encloses the greater portions of the exhaust valves 44, which housing is detachably secured to the cylinder block I2 by screws I58. A housing I60 encloses the two gears 36 and 38, and each cylinder I46 is provided with a spark plug I62 aligned in a row in the plane of the intake valves 42, see Fig. 2.

Having thus described certain embodiments of my invention in detail, it is, of course, understood that I do not desire to limit the scope thereof to the exact details set forth except insofar as those details-may be defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having two oppositely travelling pistons therein and coacting with the cylinder to provide a combustion chamber between the pistons, an intake valve communicatingflwith said combustion chamber at one side of the cylinder, an exhaust valve communicating with said combustion chamber on the opposite side of said cylinder, a cam shaft, a pair of rocker arms actuated by said cam shaft upon one side of said cylinder, one of said rocker arms being operatively connected with one of said valves, an operating connection extending from the other rocker arm to the opposite side of the cylinder and operatively connected with the other of said valves, two parallel crankshafts respectively operatively connected with said pistons, a power take-off shaft, and operating connections between the two crankshafts and said power take-off shaft. 2. In an internal combustion engine, a plurality of cylinders arranged side by side and each having two oppositely travelling pistons therein coacting with their respective cylinder to provide a combustion chamber between the pistons, said cylinders being connected as a unit, each cylinder having an'intake valve communicating with the combustion chamber therein, said intake valves being located along the same sides of the cylinders, each cylinder having an exhaust valve communicating with its respective combustion chamber, said exhaust valves being located on opposite sides of the cylinders, a cam shaft, rocker arms actuated by said cam shaft along the same sides of the cylinders, some of the rocker arms being operatively connected with the intake valves, the cylinders being provided with guide means extending transversely of the cylinders, operating connections extending through said guide means and operatively connected with the other rocker arms and the exhaust valves, two parallel crankshafts operatively connected with the two groups of pistons, a power take-off shaft, and operating connections between the two crankshafts an said power take-off shaft.

3. In an internal combustion engine, an engine block having a plurality of cylinder bores having their axes lying in a common plane, each cylinder bore being provided with two oppositely travelling pistons coacting with the cylinder bore to provide a combustion'chamber between the two pistons, intake valves communicating with the respective combustion chambers and aligned along one side of said engine block, exhaust valves communicating with the respective combustion chambers and positioned on the other side of said engine block, a cam shaft located along said one side of the engine block, rocker arms aligned along said one side of the engine block and actuated by said cam shaft, certain of said rocker arms being operatively connected with said intake valves, said engine block being provided with guide openings, operating connections extending through said guide openings'and operatively connecting the other rocker arms with said exhaust valves, an intake manifold communicating with said intake valves and located along said one side of the engine block, and an exhaust manifold communicating with the exhaust valves and located on said other side of the engine block.

. 4. In an internal combustion engine, an engine block having a plurality of cylinder bores having their axes lying in'a common plane, eachcylinder bore being provided with two oppositely travelling pistons coacting with the cylinder bore to provide a combustion chamber between the two pistons, intake valves communicating with the respective combustion chambers and aligned along one side of said engine block, exhaust valves communicating with the respective combustion chambers and positioned on the other side of said engine block, a cam shaft located along said one side of the engine block, rocker arms aligned along said one side of the engine block and actuated by said cam shaft, certain of said rocker arms being operatively connected with said intake valves, said engine block being provided with guide openings, operating connections extending through said guide openings and operatively con-- necting the other rocker arms with said exhaust valves, said cylinder bores having their axes 1ying in a common horizontal plane, said intake valves being located on the top side of the engine block, and said exhaust valves being located on the bottom side of the engine block.

5. In an internal combustion engine, an engine block having a plurality of cylinder bores having their axes lying in a common plane, each cylinder bore being provided with two oppositely travelling pistons coacting with the cylinder bore to provide a combustion chamber between the two pistons, intake valves communicating with the respective combustion chambers and aligned along one side of said engine block, exhaust valves communicating with the respective com-' bustion chambers and positioned on the otherside of said engine block, a cam shaft located: along said one side of the engine block, rocker arms aligned along said one side of the engine" block and actuated by said cam shaft, certain of said rocker arms being operatively connected with said intake valves, said engine block being provided with guide openings, operating connections extending through said guide openings 7

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