US2308504A - Spray nozzle - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 19, 1943. O FRENCH 2,308,504

SPRAY NOZZLE Filed Feb. 5, 1940 [2 Fig.2

INVENTOR Patented Jan. 19, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE SPRAY NOZZLE Louis 0. French, Milwaukee, Wis. Application February 3, 1940, Serial/No. 317,046

5 Claims.

that of my prior U. S. Patent No. 2,052,560, dated September 1, 1936. In the aforementioned patent I have shown a poppet type valve having a stem that is guided in a guide passage in the pressure chamber or piping, and the diameter of this guide passage is limited by the practical limit for the diameter of the valve stem, and as a consequence the pressures necessary to close the valve are relatively high since pressures used in devices of this kind are relatively high. Thus the pressures exerted by the spring closing plate in the above named patent might in some instances ex ceed the elastic limit of said plate so that while the valve might function properly at first, it might later not close properly. I find the above disadvantage of the prior construction may be Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are detailed plan views of nozzle plates forming parts of spray nozzles embodying the invention, parts being broken away.

Referring to the drawing, th numeral l0 designates acasing provided with a fuel supply passage H which may receive fuel under pressure from any suitable pump or which may be a passage forming part of" a pump barrel, there being a valve seat [2 at the outer end of the passage l I and the casing usually being threaded for mounting in the wall of the combustion chamber of an I internal combustion engine or in a passage communicating with this chamber and being threaded at M for receiving a nozzle clamping flanged sleeve nut l5.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 2, inclusive, a ball valve l6, preferably a hardened chrome steel ball bearing, is adapted to normally seat on the seat l2 to overcome if the check valve, is guided from the discharge side of its seat, for then the size of the passage to'the valve seat is not limited by the size of the valve but may be made as small as desired so that a relatively light closing spring will seat the valve against relatively high pressures. If,

however, the check valve is guided from the discharge side of its seat unless the size or volume of the passage or passages between the valve seat and the nozzle are relatively small, the drop in pressure through these passages will seriously interfere with the efilcient spraying and atomizing of the fuel or will necessitate a very great increase of pressure to compensate for this pressure drop.

After considerable experimenting I find that the above conditions of a valve that is guided at the discharge side of its seat and provides a minimum volume between the seat and the nozzle is best satisfied by a small ball valve which also seats in the nozzle plate at all times and in its preferred form cooperates therewith to deter- P mine the spray characteristics.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a spray nozzle embodying the invention, parts being broken away, the section being taken along the line l-l of Fig.5;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detailed sectional view similar to Fig. 1 showing certain modifications;

Fig. 3 is a. sectional view similar to Fig. 1 showing certain modifications;

close or tend to close the same except when fuel is desired.

In each instance the valve I6 is normally held to its seat by a valve closing means comprising one or more resilient metal plates I1 and I8 having centrally disposed openings I9 and 20 therein respectively.

A guide means for the valve I6 is shown in the form of a centrally apertured flat metal plate 2| interposed between the casing I0 and the inner plate IT. The diameter of the hole 22 in the plate 2| is preferably such as to provide but a small clearance between the sides of said hole and the ball. The guide means may be integral with the casing if desired, but by having this means separate it is easier to get at and inspect the seat /l2 and grind the valve if necessary.

' clamped against the end of said passag and the valve seated on its seat, the closing means will be placed under a predetermined initial tension. Each valve closing plate I! is formed from fiat spring steel, berillyium copper, alloy steel, or other suitable metallic material provided with the central opening IS in which the ball valve I 6 seats at all times. The form of the spray is either wholly or partly determined by the passages formed between the ball and the plate by providing notches or grooves 23 in the wall of the central opening of said closing plate. These notches may be variously positioned as shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. In Fig. 4 there are two diametrically disposed grooves whose eflect is to viding a conical spray, and in Fig. 6 ther are to overcome the of said opening l9 so that it may two substantially tangentially disposed grooves to provide a whirling spray. The notches or grooves 23 may extend to different depths in the plate i1 depending upon the size of the hole ll, said notches preferably tapering as shown from the top of the plate I! to the bottom of the notch which is just below where the ball seats on the plate. e

with the above construction using a single plate I! when the pressure oi the fuel is suflicient initial tension placed on the plate H, the ball I6 is moved from its seat, and the fuel passes from the passage I I through the clearance space of the hole' I! and the passages formed by the grooves 23.

,Where the pressures are such that a single plate is not sufiiclent to properly seat the valve,

then one or more plates l8 may be associated with the first plate l1. Such a plate I8 is provided with a central opening 20 which, while it may be larger than or equal to the diameter or the hole I9, is preferably less than the diameter assist in determining the spray characteristics and particularly provide for a concentration or the spray and especially in the case of the plate provided with the tangentially disposed notches since the whirling form of spray produced thereby will act to form a conical spray when issuing from the opening 20.

' By way of example, I may point out that good results may be obtained with spring closing plates of ten-thousandths to fifteen-thousandths oi. an inch in thickness for ball bearings oi one-eighths to three-thirty-seconds of an inch and plates 01 eight-thousandths to ten-thousandths of an inch in thickness for ball-bearings of one-sixteenth oi! an inch in diameter and that the openings in the inner plates or the plate next to the ball may be from three-hundredths to flve-hundredths an inch in diameter for the smaller balls and somewhat larger if desired for the larger balls. If with the above examples thenozzle plate is properly tensioned when the pressure builds up enough to unseat the valve, 3, fine cloud-like spray will issue from the nozzle with a whistling sound. Nozzles made in accordance with this invention have good atomizing characteristics and with the ,proper design of passages will give a spray of exceptionally wide angle so that they may be used effectively in shallow forms of com bustion chambers such as occurs between the piston and head of the usual Diesel or compression ignition type engine that does not have an specially formed combustion space.

If, however, it is desired to get greater distribution than can be obtained with the fine jets produced by the passages between the valve and the spring plate, some of the advantages of this invention may be obtained by the construction shown in Fig. 3 which differs from the other forms in that the nozzle plate 2| which is generally similar to the plate l1 and has a central opening 25 therein has a flanged nozzle tip 26 mounted in this opening provided with a plurality of radially spaced more or less inclined spray openings 21 communicating with the passage 28 which communicates with the bore 29 in the guide means 30 by a passage or passages 3| in the flange of said member 26 so that the ball valve 32 which seats against the seat 33 of the supply passage 34 moves with the plate 24 under the action of fluid under pressure in the passage asoasos I4, and while the ball does not determine the character or the spray, it does provide a mini- The drawing herein is on an enl ed and only an approximate scale, and the clearances and size of passages'have been greatly exaggerated, and no attempt has been made to show the slight flexing oi the nozzle memberin its tensioned condition.

I desire it to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to any particular form or arrangement or parts except in so far as such limitations are included in the claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a spray nozzle, the combination with a discharge e having a metal valve seat, an outwardly opening ball valve engaging said seat,

a resilient normally flat thin metal nozzle member apertured to receive a portion or said valve and exert pressure thereon to normally hold said valve against its seat, means for fixedly securing the outer edges of said nozzle member in a position causing initial flexing of said nozzle member into tensionedengagement with said valve, said nozzle member having a groove communicating with the opening in which said valve is received to form a spray passage between said member and valve, the length of the passages connecting said valve seat and the discharge end or said nozzle member being not longer thanthe diameter or said valve.

2. In a spray nozzle, the combination with a discharge passage having a metal valve seat, an outwardly opening ball valve engaging said seat, a resilient relatively thin metal nozzle member having an opening on which said ball seats and tensioned to urge said valve to closed position there being open spray grooves formed in the wall of said opening between said ball and said member.

3. In a'spray nozzle, the combination with a discharge passage having a metal valve seat, an outwardly opening ball valve engaging said seat, a resilient relatively thin metal nozzle member having an opening in which said ball seats with tapered grooves in said member extending into said opening between said member and said ball, said grooves diminishing in area toward the discharge end of said opening.

4. In a spray nomle, the combination with a discharge passage having a metal valve seat. an outwardly opening ball valve engaging said seat, guide means for said valve extending outwardly beyond said seat, a resilient relatively thin metal nozzle member clamped at its outer edges to said guide means and having an opening whose sides engage said ball to normally hold said valve against its seat, there being spray grooves formed in the wall of said opening between said member,

exams-Iona or CORRECTION. Patent 110.2,3013501 H January 19, 191 5. LOUIS o. mama.

of the above vnumbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1, first column, line 14.6, after the word and period a cte istics." insert the following paragraph --The invention further consists in the several features hereinafter set forth andmor'e particularly defined y claims at the conq lusion hereof.

'Petent shouid be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Signed and sealed this 25rd day of February, A. D. 1915.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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