US2308242A - Wall and the like - Google Patents

Description

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WALL AND THELIKB v Filed March 14, 1940 10 Sheets-shat 1O 39 Eig, I I I m [WI 1/ IIIIIIIIIIII1 I I IIIIIII/lll l III/IIIIIIIIIIII/IIIIIIII Patented Jan. 12, 1943 UNETED STATES PATENT WALL AND THE LIKE Russell L. Hohl, New York, N. Y., assignor to Revere Copper and Brass Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Maryland Application March 14, 1940., Serial No. 323,914

10 Claims.

My invention relates to building constructions, and is particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with walls made of preformed blocks held together by preformed bonding members.

The invention, which has among its objects the provision of a bonding frame and wallof improved construction, will be best understood from the following description when read in the light of the accompanying drawings of several forms Figs. and 6 are respectively sections on the lines 5-5 and 6-6 of Fig. 1, on an enlarged scale, with parts omitted and parts broken away;

Fig. 7 shows a. detail, on an enlarged scale, of the joint between the ends of the long horizontal members and the long vertical members at. the perimeter of the wall unit according to Figs. 1 to 6, with the parts in disassembled relation, andcorresponds to a section on the line l-I of Fig; l on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 8 shows a detail ofthe joint between theintermediate long horizontal members and. the vertical perimeter members of the wall unit according to Figs. 1 to 6, and corresponds to a section on the line 8-8- of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 9 is. a perspective of one of the wedge members according to Figs. 1 to 8;

Fig. 10 illustrates a detail of the joint between the short vertical and intermediate long horizontal members of Figs. 1 to 6, on an enlarged scale, and corresponds to a section on the line lfl-IEJ of Fig. 1;

Fig. 11 is a plan of the joint according to Fig. 10 with the upper short vertical member of that 4-4 of Fig. 2,

figure omitted, and thelower short vertical member in partially disassembled relation with. the intermediate long horizontal member;

Fig. 12 is a plan according to Fig. 11, with the parts of Fig. 11 in their final assembled relation;

Fig. 13 is a perspective of one of the blocksor wall elements of Figs 1 to 6';

Fig. i l-is a plan, on an enlarged scale, of thelong horizontal members at the perimeter of the wall unit according to Figs. 1 to 12, with parts broken away;

Fig. 15. is a plan, on an enlarged scale, of one of the long horizontal intermediate members. of the wall unit according to Figs. 1 to 12, with parts broken away;

Fig. 16 is an elevation, on an enlarged scale, of one of the long vertical members at the. perimeter of the wall section according to Figs. 1 to 12; r

Fig. 1'7 is an elevation, on an enlarged scale, of one of the short vertical intermediate members of the wall unit according to Figs. 1- to 12;

Fig. 18 is asection, on an'enlarged scale, on-

the line. Iii-l8 of Figs. and 17-;

Fig. 19- is a section, on an enlarged scale, on

the line l9-l9- of- Figs. 14 and 16;

Fig. 20 is a perspective of a modifiedform of block. further illustrated in Figs. 21, 22 and 26;

Fig. 21 is a horizontal section of a wall unit employing the block according to Fig. 20, and

corresponds to a-"section on the line 5-5 of Fig.

1 on an enlarged scale with parts omitted and parts broken away; v

Fig. 22 is a vertical section of a wall unit employing the block according to Fig. 20-, and corresponds to a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. If on an enlarged scale with parts omitted and parts broken away;

Fig. 23 shows a detail, with parts in disassembled relation, of the joint between thelong intermediate horizontal members and vertical perimeter members of a wall employing the blocks according to Figs. 20 to 22, andcorrespondsto a section on the line 8-3 of Fig. 1 with parts omitted and parts broken away;

Fig. 24=- is a vertical section, with the blocks omitted and parts in disassembled relation, of a wall unit employing the blocks according to Figs. 20 to 22, and corresponds to a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 25 and- 26 illustrate steps of a way in which to assemble the short vertical members of Fig. 24 with the horizontal members, Fig. 26 roughly corresponding to a section on the line Ill-Iii of Fig. l, and Fig. 25 being a plan of Fig. 26;

Fig. 27 is an elevation of a wall employing units or panels constructed according to Figs.v 1 to 19, only with a greater number of blocks in the units;

Fig. 28 is a more or less diagrammatic plan of the wall according to Fig. 27

Fig. 29 is a section, on an enlarged scale, on-

enlarged scale, on the lines 35-35 and 3636.. of Fig. 27, with the blocks omitted and parts broken away. I

The blocks I illustrated in the wall units ac cording to Figs. 1 to 19 are substantially like those shown in applicants United States Patent No. 2,141,000, issued December 20, 1938. These blocks, which preferably are hollow and may be formed of material such as glass, have all their twelve edges rounded, as indicated at 3, while their four transverse facesv are'provided with recesses 5 presenting at'opposite edges inwardly facing shoulders I. I V

Between the horizontal and vertical transverse faces of adjacent blocks are positioned lengths of bonding members, the bonding members being in the form of strips or plates 9 (Fig. 18) having longitudinally extending thickened portions H at each of opposite edges thereof, which thickened portions form flanges l2 presenting rounded shoulders l3 cooperating with the rounded shoulders 3 of the blocks. Between opposite at each of opposite edges, longitudinally extending thickened portions 33 providing concavely rounded shoulders for cooperation with the convexly rounded edges 3 of the blocks. On their same side as the shoulders 35 they are formed between their edges with the longitudinally extending calking beads l5. At the same side as the beads l5 they are formed with longitudinally extending flanges 31, and at their opposite sides with longitudinally extending edge flanges 39, the

latter being provided with longitudinally extending slots 4|, the purpose of which flanges 31 and 39 will presently appear. If desired, however, the

shoulders or fillets 35 may be omitted so that edges the bonding members at each side thereof have longitudinally extending beads 15 which in the assembled wall are in slightly spaced relation to the shoulders I of the blocks. The beads l5 serve mainly to retain calking material which may be placed in the spaces between them and the shoulders l3. 7 V

The blocks I may be arranged in horizontal superimposed rows, as shown in Fig. 1. Between each of these rows may be placed a long bonding member i1, illustrated in Figs. 15 and 18, which members are long enough to be coextensive with the rows, as shown by Fig. 1. Between each of the blocks of each of the rows may be placed the short bonding members I 9, illustrated by Figs. 17 and 18, of such length as to be coextensive with the height of a single block.

The bonding members I! and I 9 have the same cross-section, and are preferably cut from lengths of extrusions of the cross-section shown by Fig. 18. These extrusions preferably are of metal such as aluminum or bronze. 'If desired, the intermediate portions of the members may be cut away, as indicated at 2 l, to lighten them and permit passage of light.

The short vertical bondingmembers l3, as shown in Fig. 17, are rounded at their four corners 23 to fit with the rounded corners l3 (Fig. 18) of the long horizontal bonding members H, as will be clear from Figs. 6 and 10, and further are provided with notches 25 which engage with the longitudinally extending beads l5 of the long horizontal bonding members Ill and 21.

About the perimeter of the wall unit illustrated by Figs. 1 to 6 are placed members coextensive with the side of the unit. Both the vertical and horizontal perimeter members have the cross section illustrated by Fig. 19. perimeter members 21 are formed as illustrated by Fig. 14, while the vertical perimeter members 29 are formed as illustrated by Fig. 16.

As shown by Fig.' 19, the erimeter members 2'! and 29 have plate-like body portions 3|, and,

The horizontal there will be a square corner between each flange or bead 31 and the body portion 3i.

The longitudinal horizontal bonding members 11 and 21 adjacent the joints between the blocks are shown as provided with pairs of openings 43 which, as best illustrated by Fig. 11, have narrower portions 45 and wider portions 4! when measured transversely of the members, the portion 45 being of relatively long length compared to the portion 41. The wider portions 41 of the openings 43 are wide enough to pass the heads 49 of the projections 5i formed on the ends of the short vertical bonding members l9, while the narrower portions 45 are wide enough to pass the shanks 53 of the projections, but not the heads adjacent the joints between the blocks, and adjacent the upper and lower edges of thetop and bottom rows of blocks, are provided with pairs of slots 55 for receiving pairs of tongues 51 formed on the ends of the horizontal bonding members I! and 21. As best illustrated by Figs. 7 and 8, the tongues 51 may be passed through the slots 55, and the horizontal members I! and 21 be secured to the vertical members 29 by means of wedge keys'59 (Fig. 12) driven through slots 6| formed in the tongues, the flat sides 63 of the wedge members bearing against the outer sides of the members 29.

Conveniently, the members I! and 27 are cut slightly shorter than the length of the rows of blocks so as to provide at one or the other, or both, ends of the wall unit spaces 65 (Fig. 8) between the ends of the horizontal members I! and 2'! and the vertical members 29. In this way the wedge keys may draw the members 29 tightly against the blocks to tighten the joints between the blocks of the several rows, the horizontal members I1 and 2! under such conditions being under tension. The flanges 31 on the members 29 act to conceal this space 65.

As shown (Figs. 8 and 15), the horizontal members l1, like the vertical members l9, are formed with rounded corners 23 and notches 25 to fit the shoulders 35 and beads l5, respectively, of the vertical perimeter members 29, the flanges 31 on the members 29 being high enough under all conditions to extend over the sides of the members [1. Similarly, the ends of the horizontalperimeter members 21 are provided with notches 25 (Figs. 7 and 14) for reception of. the

beads IE on the members 29-, and-with roundedcorners 2-3- for fitting the shoulders35g and further are provided Withslots-GT which receive the flanges 31 of the members 29. By this-construction added transverse-rigidity between the mem hers is secured.

In building up the-wall unit the-vertical.mem

bers l9of each row may be-first attached-to the horizontal members on which the rowis placed. Preferably this is done by passing the-head's 49 of the projections on the ends of'the members l9 through the wider portions 41 ofthe openings 43, as illustrated in Fig; 11, and moving them into the position shown by Fig. 12. The blocks may then be placed between the members H) to form the row. The lengths of the narrower portions- 45 of the openings E3, it will be observed, permit the vertical members [9 to be slid slightly without disengaging them from the horizontal membars, which facilitates assembly of the row. Further, when the wedge keys 59 are driven to force the vertical perimeter members against the adjacent blocks, this sliding enables the horizontal members H and 2! to be placed under tension and the row of blocks to be held snugly in assembled relation.

The wall may be built up with other forms of "blocks as, for example, the blocks 69 illustrated in Figs. 20, 21 and 22. As shown, these blocks have rounded corners Hi extending about their four-edges on each face. The construction of the wall unit employing these blocks is substantially like that heretofore. described; except that. the cross-sectional shapesof the extrusions are dif-' ferent to suit the diiierent shapes of the blocks".

As shown in Figs. ZI to 26, the intermediate horizontal bonding members 13 and vertical bonding members 15 have plate-like body portions 11 at opposite edges of which at'each side are longitudinally extending flanges IBadapted to" engage with the rounded" corners: H of the blocks. Close to these flanges at each sideof the member are longitudinally extending beads: 81 which: act to hold the blocks in spaced relation to thebody portions l l, the construction preferably beingsueh that there is a slight clearance between the flanges i9 and corners H of the blocks to insure that the blocks rest on the: beads 8i. Between the flanges l9 and beads Slare longitudinally extending grooves 83 which may serve for the. reception of calking.

The vertical perimeter members 85 and the horizontal perimeter members 871, for the wall units having the blocks as, may each comprise extrusions having plate-like body portions. 8%

formed with thickened portions 9% at one-side adjacent each. of opposite edges thereof, these portions having longitudinally extending up-= standing flanges 93 and presenting longitudinally:

extending concavelyrounded surfaces 95 for co-: operation with the convexly rounded corners it of the blocks. Close to the thickened portions 9! these members are shown as provided with longitudinally extending beads 9? for holding-- the blocks in spaced relation to the perimeter members. Between the beads 9'5 and the thickened portions SI of the members ar'elongitudinally extending calking grooves 99'. At the sides of the members opposite the beads 91 are longitudinally extending upstanding flanges lili provided with outwardly opening slots H33, the purpose of which slots 33 will hereinafter'appear.

As will be clear from Figs. 25 and 26:, the projections 5i at the ends of the short vertical extnusions. lstcannotbe placed hr the wider porttions.. t1 of the openings. 43: the. horizontal extrusionsliton top of, a row; of blocks and. slid into. the-.narrower: portions. 45-. of these openings, because: the. blocks. beneath. the horizontal extrusionsJ31would prevent. such an operation. In orderto lock. the vertical. extrusions to a horizontallextrusion. 1:31 on. top of; a row of blocks it. is necessary, with the: construction shown, to

present the projections. 5b to the narrower portions: 45 of the openings: at such angle, as illustrated by the vertical. extrusion '55 shown in full linesin Fig. ',v that the head, of the; projectiorr. will passthrough the portion as of the opening, and then; turn. the vertical. extrusion to its dotted line-position shown: in. Fig. 25. In placing the l'ongitudinalhorizontal extrusions T3 and 81. on top of a. row: of. blocks it is necessary topass-t'he projections 51' at the top of the row through. the wider portions. 41? of the openings and then push. the horizontal extrusions longitudinally to bring the projections 51% into the narrower portions of the openings.

Walls may be made. employing the units so far described. in the waysshown. by Figs. 2'? to 36. In the wall' shown by these figures are six such units A, B, G, D, E, F; each employing the blocks I, these units: being nine blocks high and of a varying number-oi: blocks in length. Otherwise.

; except for the number of blocks, each unit is constructed identically as shown by Figs. 1 to 6.

As illustrated (see Figs. 29 and 30), each unit is supportedv by a suitable runner, which preferably is of" the approximate length of the unit,

.the runner being secured to the floor or other support S. As shown, this runner takes to form of a steel channel (Fig. 29), the lower horizontal perimeter member of the unit resting upon the upper edges of the flanges it! of the channel, with the flanges 39' of the members 27 overlapping. the flanges I91 to hold the parts against transverse displacement.

Inserted in the slots 41 of the flanges es of the lower perimeter members may be suitable finishingor covering strips extending to the floor S- As shownin. Fig. '29, this finishing strip at one; side of the wall takes the form of a fiat metalplate 39, a moulding Ill being provided where the finishing strip meetsthe floor. At the opposite. side of the wall this finishing strip is in the form of an elongated bronze or aluminum extrusion H3;

The space between the ceiling T and the upper horizontal perimeter extrusion or bonding member 21 may be: finished in any suitable manner. Forexample, blocks- H5 (Figs. 28, 29 and 30) may-be secured to the ceiling by means of ex pansion bolts H1 at. spaced points along the units. At each side of these blocks may be lightly nailed, as at H 9, blocks IZI, a space being left between the top of the-blocks I2 I' and the ceiling, and between the bottoms of the blocks H5 and the unit, sothat sagging of the ceiling will cause shearingor bending of the nails I I9 and will not transmit any load to the. unit. Engagement of the blocks by the flanges 39' of the extrusions 2? however prevents transverse movement of the wall. relative to the ceiling. The space between the units and the ceiling may be finished by use of the strips N19 or' extrusions H3 as described in connection with the lower portion of the units.

The space between the wall unit and the vertical wall or other support V may be finished in the way hereinbefore described in connection with the portion of the unit adjacent the floor.

As illustrated in Figs. 31 and 34, secured by screws I22 to the vertical perimeter extrusion 29 adjacent the wall V are spaced blocks I23, and between these blocks and the wall are wedge blocks I25 which after being driven in place may be secured together by suitable nails or other fasteners I21 to prevent them loosening. Other spaced blocks I29 may be nailed to the wall, as indicated at I3I, to provide means for securing the finishing members I99 and H3 as, for example, by means of screws I33. Preferably the extrusion 29 should be spaced sufliciently from the wall V to provide room for the operator in driving the wedges 59 into the slots BI of the tongues 51 before the finishing strips I99 or extrusions I I3 are assembled with the unit.

Where a wall is of considerable length it is advisable to support the same at an intermediate portion of its length by means of a post as, for example, the vertical channel-iron I35 of Figs. 2'7, 28 and 32. This post may be supported in any suitable way at the floor and ceiling as, for example, by the brackets I31 (Fig. 32).

The adjacent vertical extrusions 29 of the wall units may be secured to the channel-iron post I35 in any suitable way. For example, blocks I39 and MI may be secured to the channel-iron at spaced points by screws I43 extending through the blocks and perforations I45 in the channel-irons. The extrusions may be secured to these blocks as, for example, by screws I41.

For finishing the space between the units at opposite sides of the post I35 suitable elongated strips I49 of metal or other suitable material may be placed at their edges in the slots M of the flanges 39 of the adjacent vertical extrusions 29.

As in the constructions previously mentioned,

the blocks I39 and I4! should be of such thickness as to leave suflicient space between the post and the extrusions 29 adjacent thereto to permit,

the operator driving the wedges 59 into the slots 6| of the tongues 51. If desired, in place of the blocks MI, the blocks I23 and wedge blocks I25 of Fig. 31 may be used, and a similar construction may be used at the opposite side of the post.

At a corner of the wall there may be placed a suitable post as, for example, the angle-iron II of Figs. 27, 28 and 33. This post may be secured to the floor and ceiling in any suitable manner, for example, by means of brackets I53 (Fig. 33). At the outer sides of the posts may be secured spaced blocks I55 as, for example, by screws I51, and the adjacent vertical extrusions 29 at the ends of the units may be secured to these blocks by screws I 59, the blocks being of suflicient width to space the extrusions 29 from the post sumciently to allow the operator to drive home the wedges 59 into the slots 6| of the tongues 51. For finishing the outer corner of the wall at the post I5I an elongated sheet metal strip I6I of L- shaped cross-section may be provided. As shown, this strip has its opposite edge portions received by the slots ll of the flanges 39 of the extrusions 29. If desired, in place of an L-shaped strip I6I, a strip I33, which is curvilinear in cross-section, may be employed. At the inner corner of the wall the slots M of the flanges 39 may receive the edge portions of an elongated finished angleiron I55 for closing the space between the flanges. If desired, the blocks I23 and wedg blocks I25 of Fig. 31 may be used in place of the blocks I55.

A post, as for example the channel-iron I51 of Figs. 27, 28 and 35, is preferably placed where one wall intersects another.

This post is pref:

erably rigidly secured at the floor and ceiling in any suitable way as, for example, by means of angle-brackets I69 (Fig. 35). As shown, spaced blocks I1I are secured to the outer sides of the post by screws I13 and the adjacent vertical extrusions 29 are secured to these blocks by screws I15. At its inner corners the intersection is finished by means of the angle-irons I65 hereinbefore. mentioned. The opposite side of the wall is finished by an elongated strip I11 received at opposite edges in the slots 4| of the flanges 39 of the extrusions 29.

Where two wall units abut, the space between them maybe finished by elongated strips I19 of metal or other material received in the slots II of the flanges 39 of the adjacent extrusions 29, the space between the flanges 39 preferably being not less than that which will permit the operator to drive the wedges 59 into the slots BI of the tongues 51. Spaced blocks I8I may be secured to the outer sides of the extrusions 29 by screws I83, and between these blocks may be placed wedge blocks I for acting to secure one unit to the other.

It will be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, wide deviations may be made from the embodiments of the invention described without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Iclaim:

1. A bonding frame for elements built up to form a wall or the like having, in combination, parallel spaced elongated members adapted to be positioned between rows of the wall elements; other parallel spaced members, adapted to be positioned between wall elements of said rows, extending from adjacent one to the other member of pairs of the first mentioned members; and means adapted to be operatively held in engaged position by the wall elements of the rows detachably directly connecting the opposite end portions of the second mentioned members to the first mentioned members of the pairs thereof between which they lie, whereby said second mentioned members may act as tension elements directly to restrain said first mentioned members of said pairs against separation in directions longitudinally of said second mentioned members; said members being adapted to hold in spaced relation the wall elements, and rows thereof, be-

tween which they are placed.

2. A bonding frame for elements built up to form a wall or the like having, in combination, parallel spaced elongated members adapted to be positioned between rows of the wall elements; other parallel spaced members, adapted to be positioned between wall elements of said rows, extending from adjacent one to the other member of pairs of the first mentioned members; and means adapted to be operatively held in engaged position by the wall elements of the rows detachably directly connecting the opposite end portions of the second mentioned members to the first mentioned members of the pairs thereof between which they lie, whereby said second mentioned members may act as tension elements directly to restrain said first mentioned members of said pairs against separation in directions 1ongitudinally of said second mentioned members; said members having plate-like body portions adapted to extend transversely of the wall from ,ing .formed with raised portions adapted to cooperate with said elements for restraining the latter against displacement transversely of the wall.

3. A bonding frame for elements built up to form a wall or the like having, in combination, parallel spaced elongated members adapted to be positioned between rows of the Wall elements; other parallel spaced members, adapted to be positioned between wall elements of said rows, extending from adjacent one to the other member of pairs of the first mentioned members; and means detachably directly connecting the opposite end portions of the second mentioned members to the first mentioned members of the pairs thereof between which they lie, whereby said second mentioned members may act as tension elements directly to restrain said first mentioned members of said pairs against separation in directions longitudinally of said second mentioned members, said means comprising preformed means carried by the second mentioned members at the end portions thereof and cooperating preformed means on the first mentioned members constructed to be engaged and disengaged by relative movement between said members and adapted to be operatively held in engaged position by the wall elements of the rows.

4. A bonding frame for elements built up to form a wall or the like having, in combination, parallel spaced elongated members adapted to be positioned between rows of the wall elements; other parallel spaced members, adapted to be positioned between wall elements of said rows, extending from adjacent one to the other member of pairs of the first mentioned members; and means adapted to be operatively held in engaged position by the wall elements of the rows detachably directly connecting the opposite end portions of the second mentioned members to the first mentioned members of the pairs thereof between which they lie, whereby said second mentioned members may act as tension elements directly to restrain said first mentioned members of said pairs against separation in directions longitudinally of said second mentioned members, but permitting relative movement between said members in each of opposite directions longitudinally of the first mentioned members.

5. A bonding frame for elements built up to form a wall or the like having, in combination, parallel spaced elongated members adapted to be positioned between rows of the wall elements; other parallel spaced members, adapted to be positioned between wall elements of said rows, extending from adjacent one to the other member of pairs of the first mentioned members; and means adapted to be held in engaged position by the wall elements disengageably directly connecting the end portions of the second mentioned members to the first mentioned members of said pairs, whereby said second mentioned members may act as tension elements directly to restrain the first mentioned members of said pairs against separation in directions longitudinally of said second mentioned members.

6. A bonding frame according to claim 3 in which the preformed means of the first and second mentioned members comprise a projection on the end portion of the second mentioned member and a perforation formed in the first menally extending portion overlying the wall of said perforation at the side of the latter opposite the second mentioned member; the projection at one end of the second mentioned member being out of alignment with that at the opposite end, and each end being formed with a recess receiving the projection on an adjacent second mentioned member longitudinally aligned therewith.

8. A bonding frame for elements built up to form a wall or the like having, in combination, parallel spaced elongated members adapted to be positioned between rows of the wall elements; other parallel spaced members, adapted to be positioned between wall elements of said rows, extending from adjacent one to the other member of pairs of the first mentioned members; means detachably directly connecting the opposite end portions of the second mentioned members to the first mentioned members of the pairs thereof between which they lie, whereby said second mentioned members may act as tension elements directly to restrain said first mentioned members of said pairs against separation in directions longitudinally of said second mentioned members, but permitting movement between said members longitudinally of the first mentioned members; third members at each of opposite ends of said first mentioned members common to a plurality thereof; and means connecting the ends of said first mentioned members to said 'third members for drawing at least one of the third members toward the opposite third member for drawing together the elements of said rows of wall elements.

9. A bonding frame according to claim 8 in which the first and second mentioned members are adapted to extend transversely of the wall from one to the opposite face of the wall and have portions at at least their opposite longitudinal edges adapted to extend for substantially the corresponding length of the wall elements for holding the latter in spaced relation, and have projecting portions adapted to cooperate with said wall elements for restraining the latter against displacement in each of opposite directions transversely of the wall.

10. A bonding frame for elements built up to form a wall or the like comprising first members arranged transversely of second members to form a plurality of cells for reception of the wall elements, the first members being interlocked with the second members to restrain the second members against separation longitudinally of the first members while permitting movement of the first members longitudinally of the second members, and means connected to the ends of the second members for drawing together the wall elements of those rows thereof which extend longitudinally of the second members.

RUSSELL L. HOHL.

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