US2299761A - Device for peeling potatoes and the like - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 27, 1942. c. v. MGCAULEYy 2,299,751

` DEVICE. FO PEELING POTATOES AND THE LIKE I Filed une 5, 1939' a'sheets-:sheet 1 INVENI` OR.

` ATTORNE f5.'

lOct. 27, 1,942. c. v, MCCAULEY `2,299,761 DEVI-CE FOR FEELING PoTAToEs AND THE LIKE Fld June 5, 1939 `2 Sheets-Sheet 2 'i 55 INVENTOR '53 agr/wam Vvfcuzey BY a ATTORNEYS.

Patented Oct. 27, 1942 I.

UNITED DEVICE ron PEELIN G Po'rA'roEs 'THE LIKE f 'Cornelius vemonmccauley, Waveiey, Mess.` f *Application 'ne 5 .1939,"Serial No; ,277@346 My presentr invention relates to novel apparatus for use inremoving surface layers from objects.

` While my apparatus is adapted for usein treating the surfaceof` many different types of objects, the many novellfeatures and advantages of myinvention' may be best appreciated by considering its use in removing the skins of potatoes or in removing a uniform layer from other Sirregularly shaped objects.

The accurate and quick manual removal of the skins of certain vegetables, particularly potatoes,

is difficult and while `several devices have` been proposed to facilitatesuch surface treatment, these have not been adapted to remove uniform layers from objects of `different sizes and shapes.

In accordance with Ymy present invention. II provide for the progressive rotative treatment of the surface of anobject `by which the cutting means may advance as required by the shape and size of the object rather than at the rate of predetermined relative movement between theobject andthe support for the cutting means.` I am thus able to remove a surface layer of uniform characteristics from objects of different sizes and 'shapes and permits durable and efficient apparatus to be made by which objects may be treatedwith accuracy and rapidity. Y

Inthe drawings, I have shown an embodiment of my invention from which and the accompanying specification, its many novel featuresandadvantages may be readily understood. I

In the drawings: Fig.` 1 is a top` plan view of an embodiment of myV invention with the carrier for the cutting i cans in one extreme position.

Fig. Zis a longitudinal section along the lines I 2 2, of. Fig. l. l m "Fig, 3 .isaI fragmentary top` plan View of the device shown in Fig. 1, but With thecarrier` in theotherextreme position. m

Fig. Il is a longitudinal section through the device along the lines 4-4, of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a"`cross sectional view through the device along the lines 5-5,"of Fig'. 4.

Fig. 'Z is a fragmentary plan View of the devicer with the carrier `in an intermediate position.

Fig. 8 is aplan View of one of the cutting members and its support.

Fig. 9 is a section along the lines 9--9 of Fig. s, and

Fig. l0 is a vievv of another cutting member.

In-crdertov facilitate the understanding of `my i' invention, I have undertaken first to describe the general construction of my device including the driving mechanism for the objectsupport and the carrier for the cutting'members AThecutting members and the meanscone'cting themto the carrier are neictdescribed togetherwith the cams and*` stops that cooperate to control their'-` movement.4 By Way of summarylthen present a discussion of theoperationvof myinvention. I

In accordance with my invention,` frame I" having a rear Wall 2, the front of which supports a channel'3Mtoslidably'support the car.- rierII.` i

The back of the` rear lwall is formed ,to present a pairlof flangesiand 6. adjustable member 1 isthreaded through the klower flange 6 to permit the device to be'securely clamped to any desired support. I

A spindle shaft 8 having an object piercin'grand supporting head 9 is mounted as at Il] on the frame II. The end of the shaft 8 -carries a gear I I in mesh with the driving gear I2 `on the shaft I3 mounte'das at I4 on the frame I. `While the shaft VI3may be rotated in any desired way, I have shown,4 for convenience; a crank handle I I5 on the vshaft I3.` 'f

An armIS is pivotally connected as at I'I to the carrier 4.1 An elongated gear or toothed'member I8 is rigidlymountedon the arm I6 and isin meshwith a driving gear `I9 on the shaft I3:

In order that the gears` I8 and lI9 may remain in mesh at all times, the end ofthe rear Wall 2 is formed with' a pair of vertically spaced guides 20 that maintain thegear` I'B in mesh with the gear I9 as the gear IB travels from one extreme position to the other. The end of the rear wall 2 is formedwith an arcuate guide portion 2I adapted `to'be contacted by the pin 22 extendingrearwardly of the arm I6 and to maintain the gearA I8 in mesh with the gear I9 at one extreme end ofthe movement of the carrier 4 as is shown in Fig. 4. A similar but oppositely disposed arcuate guide 23is `carried bythe shaft support I4 to be lengaged by the pin 24 on the of the spindle 8 and the movement of the carrier 4 from one extreme position tothe other. While other actuating means may be employed, I prefer the mechanism just `described because of its employ a simplicity` and durability and because it permits the direction of rotation of the shaft |3 to be reversed at any time without any possibility of injury to my device or any of its parts.

At I have shown a manually operable lever pivotally mounted on the ilange 6 and under the influence of a spring 26 urging it to the position shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the lever 25 is formed to be adjacent the spindle 8 so that the lever 25 may be employed to dislodge an object positioned on the object supporting means, i. e., the spindle 8 and the head 9.

The cutting means In accordance with my invention I employ a pair of cutting knives 30 and 3|. The knives 30 and 3| are pivotally mounted on loops 32 having end poritons 33. The knives 38 and 3| are pivotally supported in the upturned portions of the arms 34 and 35, respectively, which are bored as at 36 to receive the portions 33 of the loops 32 or other structure that may be employed to pivotally mount the knives 30 and 3| on the arms 34 and 35. Preferably, a spring clip S detachably holds the knives in place so that the knives may be quickly and easily removed and replaced when desired.

The arms 34 and 35 are provided with pivot portions 31 and 38, respectively, carried by the flanges 4a and 4b of the carrier 4. The portions 31 and 38 are under the control of springs 39 which resiliently urges the arms 34 and 35 towards the spindle 8 and towards each other. Preferably as shown in Fig. 6, the pivotal portions 31 and 38 are provided with a sleeve 40 resting on a fixed hub 4|]a carried by the carrier 4. In order to reduce friction to a minimum, the point of bearing of the sleeves 40 and the hub 4|]a is midway of the spring 39. By this construction, the springs 39 do not bind the pivotal portions 31and 38.

The arm 34 includes a rearwardly extending portion 4| preferably carrying a cam contacting roller 42 and the arm 35 includes a rearwardly extending portion 43 carrying a similar cam contacting roller .44. A stop 45 (see Fig. 4) limits the inward pivoting of the arm 34 and asimilar stop 48 is adapted to be engaged by the head 41 of the pivot portion 38 to limit the inward pivoting of the arm 35. By this construction, the arms 34 and 35 and the knives 30 and 3| are prevented from being carried by the spring 39 into contact with the spindle 3. For example, the stop 46 limits the inward pivoting of the arm 35 so that when the arm 35 is in its extreme inward position, the knife 3| travels closely adjacent the spindle 8 as shown in Fig. 1. The stop 45 similarly limits the inward pivoting of the arm 34 so that the extreme inward position of the arm 31 permits the knife 30 to move along an axial path as shown by its dotted line position in Fig. 7.

In order to facilitate the placing of an object such as the potato P on the spindle 8 or its removal therefrom, I provide means so that at either limit of the movement of the carrier 4, the arms 34 and 35 are positioned so that the knives 39 and 3| are remote from the object. I have shown at 48 a member including cam surfaces 48 and 48D secured to the top of the rear wall 2 adapted to be contacted by the roller 42.

As the carrier 4 moves from the extreme position shown in Fig. 3 to the position shown in Fig. 1, the inward pivoting of the arm 34 is first controlled by the stop 45 that permitsthe knife 30 to cut axially of thespindle as shown by its of vconstruction of the knives 38 and 3|.

dotted line position in, Fig. 7. When the knife 38 approaches the head 9, the cam portion 48b is adapted to be contacted by the roller 42 to pivot the arm 34 against the action of the spring 39 to prevent the knife 30 from striking the head 9. The cam surface 48a is adapted to be contacted by the roller 42 to pivot the arm 34 to carry the knife 3|! into the inoperative position shown in Fig. 1. It should be noted that the cam surface 48b is likewise effective to control the arm 34 if the knife 39 reaches the common position, e, factor dependent o-n the particular object being treated.

A cam member 49 is'mounted on the bottom of the rear wall 2 and includes cam surfaces 49at and 48h adapted to be contacted by the roller 44 to pivot the arm 35 against its spring 39 in much the same manner as the control of the arm 34 by the cam surfaces t8ab and 48h. Thus, the cam portion 49h controls the arm 35 to prevent contact of the knife 3| with the spindle head 9 and cooperates with the cam surface 49L to move the knife 3| towards an inoperative position whenever it reaches the common position.

It will be noted from Fig. l that when the knife 3i) is in an inoperative position, the knife 3| is adjacent the spindle 8, but sufficiently out of the way so that it may be considered in an inoperative position.

At 58 I have shown a trip carried by the wall 2 adapted to be rcontacted by the trip member 5| carried. by the pivot portion 31 of the arm 34 as the carrier 4 approaches the position shown in Fig. 3 to pivot the arm 34 to carry the knife 3E] into an inoperative position as the knife 3| is likewise moved into an inoperative position by the cam member 49.

Reference should now be made to the details It will be appreciated from the description of the apparatus just described that as the object is rotated, theknives 30 and 3| are advanced along the rotating object. Accordingly,. the construction of the knives is of considerable importance in order that they may adjust themselves as required by the shape of the object. That is,.since the object is rotating and the knives advancing relative to the object, the distance of the knives from the axis defined by the spindle 8 is constantly subject to variation. The knives 38 and 3| include a guard portion 52 and a blade portion 53 (see Figs. 8-10). Preferably both the guard 52 and the blade 53 are longitudinally arcuate, although either or both may be at intermediate the ends. As shown in Fig. 9, the front edge of the guard 52 is upturned as at 54.

Preferably the guard 52 and the knife 53 are in substantially the same plane in order to minimize frictional drag. The aperture 55 between the edge of the knife portion 53 and the guard 52 is proportionate to the desired thickness of the surface layer to be removed.

The loop or like attaching member 32 is pivotally attached to the guard 52 adjacent the edge of the knife portion 53.

By this construction of the knives, the guard 52 and blade 53 are both in contact with the surface of the object and the pressure on both serves to keep the knives in proper cutting position at all times since they are free to pivot on the loops 32 and the loops are pivotally mounted in the arms permitting universal adjustment of the knives.

The knives 30 and 3| are substantially identical. The knife 3|, however, may include a guide afeea'im Opration Before considering the operation of mydevice i it will be found helpful if certain essential principles are keptinmlnd. f 4

For example, it will be appreciated that in any device for use in removing a surface layer from objects of different sizes, the cutting'members must be adjustable to permit objects of different sizes to be accommodated. This maybe accomplished by a mounting of the cutting members on their'support under the control of resilient means by which the resilient means always carry4 the cutting members into contact with thi-,surface of the object to be treated.

Where, however, objects such as potatoes or the like are to be treated or where the surface of the object and the path of movement ofthe support? for the cutting means present non-parallel lines, it will be `appreciatfzd that a different problem is presented. `Forexample, the removal of a surface layer from a cylinder requires the same distance of relative linear movement of both the cutting means andthe support and the surface of the object is parallel tothe path of the support. By way of contrast, if the object to be treated is spherical, on a linear movement of the carrier equal to the radius of the object, and equal to the linear movement employed in treating the cylinder, the difference between the distance represented by the radius and the are dened by an angle of 90 will be obvious. With such an object, the distance to be cut by a knife on a predetermined movement of the carrier is obviouslymuch greater than the distance of travel of a knife on the same movement when a cylindrical object is to be treated. Thus it will be appreciated that whenever the path dened by the travel of a cutting member along the surface of a rotating object varies in its relation to the path of the carrier, the distance of travel ofthe cutting member is increased. In accordance with my invention, the cutting member lags behind the travel of the carrier in relation to the kvariation of its path.

4 under the iniiuence of springs 39 to `pivot the y arms 33 and 34 towards each other. Each of the arms 33 and 34 pivots'through a plane to carry its knife through a plane substantially inclusive of the spindle 8. In order tosimplify the construction of my invention, I have provided the above disclosed structureby which the knives 30 and 3l are pivotally carried through a common plane.-

With this construction it is possible for a knife to travel along the surface of a rotating object in xed relation to the carrier 4 as when the surface is-cylindrical or to pivot closerto the spindle 8 or further away from the spindle 8 as required by the distance of the portion of the object to .be treated from the spindle il.` `While it is true that the movement of the carrier 4 always causes a like travel of the knives, unless the arms pivot, this movement of the knives, in terms of parallel travel, is less than the movement of the carrier 4 when the armspivot nearer to or further away from the spindle 8. For" that reason, it will be found convenient to consider the effect of the pivoting.l of the arms as resulting` in a retarded advancement of the' knives rrelative to the carrier 4, a condition that results from the axis established by the spindle 8.

It is therefore` a'iirst requirement of my invention that each of the cutting members be pivotally carried through a planev substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of the supporting means. Consideration is again directed to the fact that the same principle is involved whether the arms are pivoting either towards or away from the spindle 8, as in both instances, it is necessary for a knife to lagbehind the carrier 4. If, however, an attempt is ymade to treat a surface that would require a knife to move both nearer to and further Aaway from the spindle 8, it will be found that` it is impossible to remove the entire surface layer accurately. `v`This follows because the pivoting of the arm carrying the knife further away from the spindle 8, for example, carries a retarded advancement of the knife relative to the lcarrier 4, and-if Vit is necessary for the knife to move to a point substantially closer to the spindle 8 its movement towards that point will require a movement of" the cutting member at a rate faster thanthe movement of the carrier 4 with the result that portions of the surface would be skipped and"`untreated. This result might be in part obviated by requiring normally the removal of more than one layer from other parts ofthe object, but in my invention, I prefer that a uniform layer be removed. This rmoval of more than one layer is not regarded desirable, particularly since it is to be 'noted that my invention, as above described,v will permit effective surface layer removal during minor irregularities in the shape of the object that may require a slight reverse movement of the knife.

For that reason, I prefer to employ a separate cutting member for each of the major trends that an object to be treated presents, For example, objects isuch asan` apple or potato involve two major trends, that is, the middle portion `being larger thanvthe end portions. A-single knife would have-two major movementsfone fromcne end to the middle Zone, and the other from the middle z one to the other end. For that reason and in order to reduce the distance of travel of the carri`er'4` to a minimum, I provide through the structure above described that `when the carrier 4 is in 'one extreme `position one of the cutting members" is in a position substantially common to the other cutting member when the carrier 4 is in its otherextreme position, as will be noted froma comparison of Figs. 1 and 3. This common position is in substantial radial alinernent with the point C ofthe spindle head 9 and in placing the object P on the spindle 8 it is desirable that the largest portion of the object be placed substantially in radial alinementlwith the common point C. Actually, however, the common position of the knives involves suflicient overlap in cutting to ensure the entire removal of a surface layer from the object P.

In Fig. 1 when the knife, 30 is in the com-mon positionthe' knife 3l is adjacent the spindle 8 so that when an object has been placed on the head f5, rotation of the crank l5 will rotate the object P and move the carrier towards the left as 4viewedin Fig.A 1. As the rcarrier moves, the roller `42 advances along the cam portion 48a and l the knife 30 vcornes in contact with 'rotating surface of the object P'. At the same time, the knife 3| advances in fixed relation tothe carrier 4 adjacent the spindle-3 until one end ofthe object P is encountered.' Thus, the knife 30 is advancing'falonglthe object 1E from the largest portion whenever thelarms are pivoting towards or away of the object towards one end, while the knife 3l is advancing from the other end towards such largest portion, By this construction it will be appreciated that the pressures of the knives 30 and 3l against the object are always favorably distributed. During this movement, both of the knives 30 and 3l may lag behind the movement of the carrier 4 as required by the size and shape of the object, it being understood that the carrier 4 has a. movement greater than the arbitrarily selected maximum distance either of the knives 30 and 3| may travel.

Referring now to Fig. 7 it will be apparent that the carrier has advanced from the position shown in Fig. 1. It will be seen that the knives have advanced along the surface of the object P. In their dotted line position in Fig. '7 it will be seen that removal of the surface layer from the object is substantially complete, although the carrier is not in the other extreme position shown in Fig. 3. As soon as a knife has completed its cutting it moves either in xed relation to the carrier 4 or away from the object P towards an inoperative position as determined by the particular object being treated. For example, the knife 30 in its dotted line position in Fig. 7 will be prevented by its stop 45 fro-m pivoting inwardly beyond the axis of the spindle 8 and thereafter it will move in xed relation to the carrier 4 until the trip i] becomes effective. As soon as the knife 3| reaches the common position, the roller 44 on its arm 35 will come in contact with the cam portion 49a and further movement will carry the cutting member 3| into the inoperative position shown in Fig. 3 so that since both knives 30 and 3l are in an inoperative position the object P may be removed safely and easily from the spindle 8 and replaced.

The operation of my device may then be continued, that is, another object may be treated during movement oi the carrier 4 from the position shown in Fig 3 to the position shown in Fig. 1. However, for convenience it may now be assumed that no object is on the spindle 8, thus when the crank is turned, the carrier 4 advances permitting the springs 39 to pivot the arms 34 and 35 inwardly. It will be appreciated that the stops 45 and 4S limit the inward pivoting of the arms 34 and 35 but attention is directed to the cam portions 48h and 49h which pivot the arms 34 and 35 to maintain the cutting members 0r knives 30 and 3l `out of contact with the spindle head 9.

During the removal of the surface layers from such objects as the'object P, it will be appreciated that since the knives are universally mounted on the arms 34 land 35 they are free to adjust themselves into proper cutting positions as required by the portion of the object to be treated.

With the disclosure of my invention as above set forth, certain other factors should be considered. As above stated, and as will be obvious, the number of knives employed may be one or more in the surface treatment of that portion of an object presenting a major trend, i. e., a portion which is either increasing or decreasing in size.

As far as the general construction of my invention is concerned, any means may be employed to elect the desired yrelative movement of the object andof the cutting means. That is to say, in accordance with my invention, it is necessary to have relative rotation between the object and the cutting means and relative linear motion between the object and the cutting means. Because such a device must be durable, eicient and economical to manufacture, the relative motionsbetween the object and the cutting means may be most readily effected in accordance with the structure that I have shown and described.

What I therefore claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supporting means, a reciprocable carrier, means for simultaneously rotating said supporting means, and advancing said carrier in predetermined relation, a cutting member eiective to remove a surface layer from the object as it rotates, and means connecting said cutting member to said carrier, said connecting means.

including a pivot, said'connecting means supporting said cutting member for arcuate movement in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of the rotated objectvto cause a retarded advancement of said cutting member relative to said carrier whenever the path of said cutting member varies in relation to the path of said carrier to permit said cutting member to advance along said object at a substantially constant rate, the position of said pivot being at a greater radial distance from the axis ofsaid supporting means than the radius of the largest object to be treated.

2. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supporting means, a carrier, means for simultaneously rotating said supporting means and advancing said carrier in predetermined relation, a cutting member effective to remove a surface layer from the object as it rotates, and means connecting said cutting member to said carrier to cause a retarded advancement of said cutting member relative to said carrier whenever the path of said cutting member varies in relation to the travel of said carrier, said connecting means comprising a spring controlled arm` pivotally connected to said carrier so that said cutting member may travel arcuately in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of said supporting means, and a universal joint connecting said cutting member to said arm so that said cutting member may adjust itself to the surface of the supported object.

3. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supporting means, a reciprocable carrier, means for rotating said supporting means and advancing said carrier in predetermined relation, a cutting member, means connecting said cutting member to said carrier to cause a retarded advancement of said cutting member relative to said carrier, said connecting means comprising an arm pivotally mounted on said carrier to support said cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, the position of the pivoting of said arm being at a greater radial distance from the axis of said supporting means than the radius of the largest object to be pared, and resilient means in control of said arm urging said cutting member towards said axis.

4. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supporting means, a reciprocable carrier, means for rotating said supporting means and reciprocating said carrier in predetermined relation, a cutting member, means connecting said cutting member to said carrier to cause a retarded advancement of said cutting member relative to saidcarrier, said connecting means comprising a cutting member supporting arm pivotally mounted on said carrier for movement in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said object supporting means, the point of pivoting of said arm beingat a greater means thanfth'e radius ofthe largest object to be pared, and resilient'means in controll of said arm urging said cutting member' towards said axis,

and means to limitthe inward mQVement `of said i arm to` prevent its contact with said supporting means. s'

5,. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supporting means including` a spindle havinga neadja reciprocable carriermu means for rotating ,said'supporting means and" reciprocating said carrier in predetermined relation, a cutting member, means connectingsaid cutting member to saidcarrier to' cause `a` retarded advancement of said cutting member relaA L, 5H

tive to said carrier, said connecting means com prising an arm pivotally'rnounted onsaid carrier to support said cutting member in a'plane substantially inclusive of theaxis of rotation of said supporting means, resilientmeans in control ofrzu said arm urging said cutting` member towards'd said axis, and means to fcontrol the movement of said arm when under'the influenceof said resile ient means t0 carry said'cutting member in desired relation to `the axis,4 of said supporting" means and away fromj said spindle to avoid said-4f' head as said carrier is moved irom one extreme position to the other extreme position.

6. Apparatus for removing a surface layer from an object, said apparatus comprising object sup-N `porting means constituting an axis, cuttings means, supporting means for said `cutting means, means to rotate one of said supporting means about said axis and to eiect advancement of the other of said supporting means relativetheretow in predetermined relation tothe rotation of said-A rotated supporting means, said cutting means including a pivotal connection with said second named supporting means at a greater radial distance'from said axis Vthanthe radius of the larg,1 A() est object to be pared, and said, cutting mean being eiective as 'the distanceof the portion of the object being treated varies inrelation to Vsaid axis to cause the relative advancement of said cutting means and said object to remain substan-I i5 Vtially constant, the `plane of movement of said cutting means` being substantially inclusiveof saidaxis. i ,s

'7. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object'supporting means having aA predetermined 50 portion` selected to establish alradial zone to in` clude the largestportion of the object, a reciprocable carrier, means to vreciprocate said carrier and to rotate said supporting means in predetermined relation, a pair'of cutting members, an l55 arm for each of` said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrierto support "its cutting member in `a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, resilient means in control or eacharm to urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis-- the length of said armsA and the distances of travel of said carrier being determined by the maximum size of objects to be treated 4and the relation of the maximum and minimum distances of the surfaces to `be treated with said axis and being inter-related so that at extremepositions of said carrier, said cutting members are alternatelyV carried through said radial zone when said arms are pivoted against the action of said resil-` ient means into an inoperative position, and means to carry each of said cutting members into an inoperative position whenever it'reaches said common zone, the other of said cutting members lbeing carried by said resilient meansftowards said v axis and away from said object as said carrier approaches an extreme position.

8. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means `having a predetermined portion selected toestablish a radial zone.` to include the largest portion of the object, a reciprocable carrier, means to reciprocate said carrier and to rotate said supporting means in predeterminedrelation, apair ofcutting members, an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally e mounted on said carrier to support .its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of` said supporting means, resilient means invcontrol of each arm to urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis, the length of said arms and the distances of travel of said carrierrbeing determined by the maximum sizeof objects to be treatedand the relation of the maximum and minimum distances of the surfaces to be treated with said axis and being inter-related so that at extreme positions of said carrier, saidcutting members are alternately carried through said radial zone when said arms are pivoted against the action of said resilient means into an inoperative position, means to carry each of said cutting members into an inoperative position whenever it reaches said common zone the otherof said cutting members being carried by said resilient means towards said axis and away from said objectwhen said carrier is in one extreme position,` and means in `control of one lof said arms whensaid carrier is in the other extreme position to carryit from adjacent said axis to an inoperative position.

9. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means,` reciprocable carrier means, means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supporting means in predeter-V mined relation, a `pairof cutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said carrier to cause a retarded advancement of Vsaid cutting members relative to said carrier on changesinshape of a supported object, said connecting means comprising an arm for each of said cuttingmembers pivotally mounted on said carrier means to support its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said'arms toward each other and towards said axis, and means to control said arms so that when said `carrier means are in either extreme position one of said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said objectiand said axis, and the other of said cutting members is in an inoperative position. y i

10. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means having a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to include the largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means, means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supporting means in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said carrier means to permit a retarded advancement of said cutting membersV relative to said carrier on changes in shape of a supported object, said connecting means comprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier means to support its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of saidsupporting means, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said arms towards eachother and towards said axis, and vmeans to control'said arms so that when said carrier means are in either extreme position one of said cutting members is inan inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said axis and insaid radial Zone,

and the other of said cutting members is in an y inoperative position.

11. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means comprising a spindle including an object piercing head having a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone toV include the largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means, means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supporting means in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said carrier means to permit a retarded advancement of said cutting members relative to said carrier on changes in shape of a supported object, said connecting means comprising an arm for each of saidcutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier means to support its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said arms towards veach other and towards said axis, and means to control said arms so that when said carrier means are in either extreme position one of said cutting members is in an inoperative posiv tion relatively remote from said object and said axis and in said radial zone and when said carrier means are in one extreme position the other of said cutting members is an an inoperative position relatively remote from said object but adjacent said spindle, and when said carrier means are in the other extreme position, the other of said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said axis to facilitate access to said supporting means.

l2. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means comprising a spindle including an object piercing head having a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to, includey the largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means, means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate saidV supporting means in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said carrier means to cause a retarded advancement of said `cutting members relative to said carrier on changes in shape of a supported object, said connecting means comprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier, means to support its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis, and means to control said arms so that when said carrier means are in either extreme position one of Asaid cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said axis and when said carrier means are in one extreme position the other of said cutting membersis in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object but adjacent said spindle, and when said carrier means are in the other extreme position, the other of said cutting membersis in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object Aand said axis to facilitate access tosaid supporting means, and manually operable means to dislodge an object y from'said spindle.

v13. 'Parin'g' apparatus cmprsingrotatable ob- "7 5 ject supporting means having a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to include the largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means, means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supporting means in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said carrier means to cause a retarded advancement of said cutting members relative to said carrier on changes in shape of a supported object, said connecting means comprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier means to support its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis, means to limit the inward pivoting of said arms by said resilient means to maintain said cutting members in desired relation to said axis and out of contact with said supporting means, and means to control said arms so that when said carrier means are in either extreme position one of said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said axis and in said radial Zone and the other of said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object but adjacent said axis.

14. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means comprising a spindle having an object piercing head, having a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to include the largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means, means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supporting means in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said carrier means to permit a retarded advancement of saidcutting members relative to said carrier on changes in shape of a supported object, said connecting means comprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier means to support its Ycutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis, means to limit the inward pivoting of said arms by said resilient means to maintain said cuttingmembers in desired relation to said axis and out of contact with said spindle and said head, and means to control said arms so that when said carrier means are in either extreme position Vone 'of said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said axis and in said radial zone, and the other of said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object but adjacent said axis.

15. Apparatus for removing a surface layer from an object, said apparatus comprising a frame, rotatable object supporting means supported Vby said frame and including a gear,`cut ting means, a carrierfor said cutting means slidably supported by said frame, an arm pivotally connected Ato vsaid carrier, -an elongated driven gear rigidly mounted -on said arm, driving means including a gear in mesh with each of said driven gears to rotate "said supporting means and to reciprocate said'carrier in predetermined relation, means to maintain said last named gear in mesh with its driving lgear to carry said driven gear around its driving gear, ,said last named means including a pair of`v`e'rtic`ally spaced guides,a pair l of longitudinally spaced semi-circular guides, a member on said -arm,'and a member onsaid elongated gear, said members being engageable with frame and having a predetermined portion selected to establish `a radialnzone to include the largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable Acarrierv means slidably mounted ini` said frame; meansto reciprocate saidcarrier means and to rotate said supporting meansin predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said `carrier means to cause a retarded advancement of said", i cutting membersrelative to said carrier, said .i connecting'means comprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said kcarrier rmeans to support its cutting memberin a plane substantially inclusive offthe'axisof ro-q, `tation of" said supporting' means, .and resilient means in control of each armtourge said arms Vtowards eachfother and. towardssaid axis, and

means to control said arms soithat When said carrier` means are in either extreme position one;4-L

`of said cutting members is in` an inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said l axis and in said -radial zone and the1 other of said cutting vmembers is in an inoperative position, saidcontrolling means vcomprising a member on eachfarm', and a cam for eachofsaid members,

one of" said cams-being disposed on said frame to be engaged by' one of said arm members when said carrier means-are inone extreme position A and 'the otherof said cams being disposed on'`v Said frame to be engaged byithe other of said `arm members when said carrier means are'in the l other extreme position." "f i 17. Paring apparatus comprising a frame, ro-

AIVtatable objectsupporting means carriedby said 'zframe-, said supporting means comprising a spindle having a head `having a4 predetermined portion lselected to establish a radial zone to include-the` largest portion `of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means slidably mounted in ysaid frame, means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supporting means in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said carrier means to cause a retarded advancement of said cutting members relative to said carrier, said connecting means comprising an arm for each of said `cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier means to support its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, and resilient means in control ofeach arm to urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis, and means to control said arms so that when said carrier means are in either extreme i position one of said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said axis and in said radial zone and the other of said cutting members is in an inoperative position, said controlling means comprising a member on each arm, and a cam for each of said arm members, said cams being disposed on said frame to be engaged by said arm members when either of said cutting members approaches said head and being adapted to be fully effective when the carrier means are in either extreme position. i

18. Paring apparatus Vcomprising rotatable object supporting means having a predetermined tarded advancement of said cutting members re1-A ative to said carrier on changes inshape of a supported object, said connecting means` comprising an arm foreach of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier, means to support its cutting member in aY plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, each of said cutting members being Ymounted on its arm for limited universal movement, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said varms towards each other and towards `said axis, and means i to control said armsso that when said carrier is in either ex- -treme position `one of said cutting members isin an inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said axis and in saidradial zone and the other of said cutting members is Vin an inoperative position. Y. 19. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable` object supporting means having a predetermined `portion selected to establish a radial zoneito include the largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable/carrier means: to reciprocatev said carrier means and to rotate said Asupporting means in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, andA means connecting said cutting members to saidcarrier, means to cause la retarded advancement of saidl cutting members relative to said carrier, said connecting means comprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier means to support its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive'of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, each of said cutting members being mounted on its arm for limited universal movement and guide means for eachoflsaid cutting membersto adjust said cutting member into proper cutting position, said guide means Y being effective on changes in shape of the object on movement of said carrier means and on rotation of said object, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis, and means to control said arms so that when said carrier is in either extreme position one of said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object and said axis and in said radial zone and the other of said cutting members is in an inoperative position.

20. Paring apparatus comprising a rotatable object supporting means having a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to include the largest portion of a supported object, cutting means, supporting means for said cutting means, means to rotate said object supporting means and to reciprocate one of said supporting means to effect relative movement between said cutting means and a rotating supported object, said cuttingmeans comprising a pair of cutting members, an arm for each of said cutting members, each of said arms being pivotally connected to the second-named supporting means so that as the reciprocated supporting means approaches either end of its travel one of said cutting members occupies said radial zone and the other of said cutting means is adjacent the' axis of said rotatable object supporting means, and means to position inoperatively each of said cutting members remote from the object when it occupies said radial zone and when said reciprocated supporting means is at either extreme position.

21. Paring apparatus comprising a rotatable object supporting means having a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to include the largest portion of a supported object, cutting means, supporting means for said cutting means, means to rotate said object supporting means and to reciprocate one of said supporting means to effect relative movement between said cutting means and a rotating supported object, said cutting means comprising a pair of cutting members, an arm for each of said cutting members, each of said arms being pivotally connected to the second-named supporting means so that as the reciprocated supporting means approaches either end of its travel one of said cutting members occupies said radial zone and the other of said cutting means is adjacent the axis of said rotatable object supporting means, means to position inoperatively each of said cutting members remote from the object when it occupies said radial zone and when said reciprocated supporting means is at either extreme position, and means to position inoperatively the other of said cutting means remote from said axis when said reciprocated supporting means is in one extreme position.

22. An apparatus for removing a surface layer from an object, an arm, a knife having a bowed cutting edge comprising a central part and curved end parts, means including a pivot to connect said knife to said arm, the central part of said knife being at a lesser distance from said pivot than the end parts so that said knife while effective toy remove parings when either one of the end parts is in contact with the object tends to return to a normal balanced position in which said central part only is in contact with the object.

23. An apparatus for removing a surface layer from an object, an arm, a knife having a bowed cutting edge, means .including a pivot to connect said knife to said arm, the central part of said knife being at a lesser distance from said pivot than the end parts so that said knife while effective to remove parings when either one of the end parts is in Contact with the object tends to return to a normal balanced position in which said central part only is in contact with the object.

24. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supporting means, a reciprocable carrier, means for simultaneously rotating said supporting means and reciprocating said carrier in predetermined relation, a cutting member effective to remove a surface layer from the object as it rotates, spring controlled means pivotally connecting said cutting member to said carrier to cause arcuate travel of said cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of said rotated object, and means actuated on a predetermined movement of said carrier in at least one direction to pivot said connecting means to carry said cutting member into an inoperative position.

25. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supporting means, a carrier, means for simultaneously rotating said supporting means and effecting relative reciprocating movement between 'said carrier and said supporting means, cutting members, spring controlled means pivotally connecting each of said cutting members to said carrier to cause arcuate travel of said cutting member in a vplane substantially inclusive of the axis of said rotated object, said cutting members being spaced from each other to contact different portions of said object, and means actuated on a predetermined movement of said carrier to pivot said connecting means to carry one of said cutting members into an inoperative position When said cutting member reaches the portion of said object treated by another of said cutting members.

CORNELIUS VERNON MCCAULEY.

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