US2286599A - Mortar and pestle - Google Patents

Description

June 16, 1942e L Ho-r-r- 2,286,599

MoRTAR AND PESTLE Filed April 22, 1940 attested .time is, -ieee meeste PATENT A Mon'rAaANn rns'rnn f sewer.. cima, chicago, m. Application April 22, 1940, Serial No. 330,941'

- pressure on the pestle to Just stirring` it without applying any pressure. It is therefore necessary to simulate these various pressures from 5 pounds where it is necessary to grind the alloy and reduce the particle size to practically no pressure on some of the alloys where the particle size is not to be disturbed by mixing. y

From a series of experiments and research I `have found that diierent alloys require diiereut size pestles, ranging in weight from 1.5 gramstov .1 gram in order to meet the various technics oi' trituration to simulate the various pressuresrecommended by the diilerent manufacturers.l

Here, it is also necessary to have the pestle of a given weight.

If this mortar inthe form-of a capsule is agitated without any weight or pestle in it, the amalgamation is very slow. and when amalgamation does take place it forms a globule which is dry in the center, because the inertia caused by this agitation forces the mercury to the outer ends or surface of the globule, which is due to the diierence in the specific gravity of the mercury and alloy materials. The mercury being forced to the surface causes-the center to be dry, or in order to make the amalgam fit for practical use, it is o'r would be necessary to place it in a glass mortar and triturate it until it becomes a plastic, homogeneousmass. This latter operation however, in the majority of cases, causes an over trituration which renders it useless for insertion into the tooth cavity, because over trituration causes shrinkage, leaky fillings, and loss of strength. 1

Under Government requirements, an amalgam must expand when used as a lling in order to prevent same from getting loose or falling out, as distinguished from contraction or shrinking. In coarse cut amalgams a heavy pestle and pressure is required in the mortar. For ne `cut amalgams a lighter type of pestle is required to finely divide and triturate the material and to prevent too severe a pressure and impact, or any (Cl. 8S-10) The' primary object of the present invention is to provide a novel "nortar and pestle for quickly trlturating the ingredients, and which can be used in certain sizes and weightsso that the time required for triturating or amalgamati'ng any amalgam can be determined in advance so that the proper triturationand the best results are insured in the shortest possible time.

. Another object is` to provide a novel capsulel .10 mortar and pestle for use therewith, particularly in a machine hereinafter describedand as set forth in my prior application for patent for Dental amalgamator, Serial No. 262,118, iiled March 16, 1939, which matured in Patent No.

2,201,428 oh May 21, 1940, whereby points or sharp portions are avoided at the ends or points of impact or engagement with the ends of the capsule mortar, to prevent piercing the latter,

and at the` same time, to insure proper andv 2o thorough mixing of mercury and alloy materialsin less time, without too much pressure where light pressure or practically no pressure, but` I substantially merely a mixing operation is required.

Further objects and advantages will appear .1

and be brought out more fully in the following speciicatiomreference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 1s a side view of the device showing the 30 capsule in solid and dotted lines at the ends of its -stroke in either direction;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of same in another or midposition;

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of same taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1';

Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the mortar supporting means or arm, mortar with la pestle or pellet therein and arm actuating means;

40 Fig. 5 is a plan view of the eccentric bushing and itsmounting in the position shownin Fig. 2

or a side view of the bushing with the parts vin the dotted line position shown in Fig.1;

'Fig.6 is a plan view of same with its position changed, turned or oscillated on a horizontal axis, 180 degrees or a side view of the bushing in the full line" position shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 'i is an end-view of the eccentric bushing;.'

. Fig. 8 isa view from the opposite end of the bushing; and

Fig..9 is an enlarged central longitudinal sectional view of the mortar takenhorizontally or vertically and with the pestle in elevation and dotted line positions of operation.

of the objections heretofore referred to herein. Referring to the drawing, there is shovm in shown in my copending application. Serial No. 262,118, filed March 16, 1939, which matured in Patent No. 2,201,428 on May 21, 1940, of which this is a division in part and a continuation in part and in which I5 designates the base having which forms a sort of pan to collect and retain any droppings of amalgam while openings I8 are provided in any suitable number to fastenl 2,286,599 Figs. 1 to 3, the type of amalgamator or triturator cushion feet I6 and a surroundingtop flange I'l for controlling the operation of the motor, the

shaft 23 of which has an angular or eccentric `portion. The end 24 is shown threaded to take an eccentric sleeve 25 having a collar- 26 at its inner end with the face 21 normal to the axis of the shaft and the face 28 normal to the axis of the sleeve with a slight divergence between the angle of the periphery of the bushing or axis thereof, and that of the shaft which is acute and preferably about sixv degrees. The peripheral surface 29 of the sleeve is similarly eccentric to the shaft and forms the eccentric portion thereof which asv designated at 30 is internally threaded to x the sleeve to the shaft. loosely mounted on the.- sleeve is a bushing 3I with suitable anti-friction bearings and a split collar 32 having apertured ears 33V connected by the lbolt 34 to clamp the same to the bushing or loose part. Suitable means is provided to hold the collar in a fixed position or upright, such as tion 'of the bushing in Fig. 2.

carries a mortar supportingmeans with divergent Y with the bearing, but' not with the outer end of the sleeve to permit rotation of the Yshaft and sleeve without undue friction. The inner face 49 of the collar 'is eccentric to the axis of the shaft and the outer face 50 is normal thereto whilethebore 5I is loose and the collar' is held in position by a cap nut threaded on the end of the shaft. With this device,as the shaft is rotated, the arm and capsule will bei oscillated horizontally laterally on a centralupright or vertical axis, and simultaneously reciprocated, oscillated or caused to take a. swinging motion back and forth with each horizontal lateral osin a vertical piane passing through theaxis of' the drive shaft and for simultaneously reciprocating the mortar on a horizontal axis or its longitudinal axis while preventing rotation of the mortar supporting means lwith the shaft.-

This movement is particularly effective with a form of pestle or pellet as will be later described cylindrical surfaces of the bushings at an angle l of six degrees 4to the shaft is preferable, this can of course be varied.

The letter A in Fig. 1, referring to the dotted lines, represents the rearmost position of the mortar holding arms and mortar. In this position. the longitudinal axis ofthe mortar will be at an angle' to themotor shaft and in the plane of the motor shaft.

The letter B in Fig. 5 represents the position of the bushing after it has turned at an langle of degrees from the position which it would have had with the mortar holding arms in the position of letter A and is the same as the posi- The letter C indicates the position` of the mortar and mortar holding arms after the bushing hasA been moved 90 degrees further in its revolutionsor degrees from the dotted line position in Fig. l and the mortar arms and mortar and bushing'. are in the opposite position from that which they' occupy in the dotted line position in Fig. 1. This is the foremost position of the mortar holding arms and mortar; that is, the position when they are farthest away from the motor housing or farthest to the right, as shown in Fig. 1.

The letter D in Fig. 6 represents fthe position of the bushing after the bushing has, been further turned 90A degrees from the position shown in Fig. 1 and this position is opposite from the position shown in Figs. 2 and 5.

Letter E indicates a point on the axis of the cylinder of the cylindrical surfaceof the bushing and the bushing turns horizontally on this axis during every revolution.

In this-way, as the bushing rotates, the mortar travels ina circular manner from a rearward to a forward position changing or reversing the direction of the axes of the mortar when it 4travels from a rearward to a forward position and back again as it moves from the forward to the rearward position in its rotary path. In

other words,v it travels from the rear forwardly .and from the'forward position to a rear 'position and from side to side and changes the direction of its axes in each revolution of the bushing.

It should be noted from Figs. 4 and 9 of the drawing that the outer convex'faces 41 of the body section 45 and cap 46 are not only convex,

' but preferably formed on true arcs and the inner concaved ends or surfaces 53 and 54 thereof have the same radius and are also cut or formed cillation as shownin dotted lines in Fig.- 1 and' in-Fig. 2. This is due to the'fact that there is a connection between the shaft, and the mortar or capsule supporting means for oscillating the mortar on-its central transverse'upright or vertical axis or at the point of intersection of the 1 transverse and longitudinal-centers or axes thereof which passes radially through said sleeve 25 on true arcs with the same radii. Inasmuch as the cap 46 is larger in diameter than the body section, a shoulder 55 is formed, annularly within the cap around the concaved end 54 and this shoulder is abutted b y .the adjacent open end of the body section. Both the body section and the cap are in the form ofV a cylindrical chamber or shell with concaved ends internally and convex ends externally cut on true circles. Each amalgam and casacca has a closed end-and an open end so that the body section iits'within the cap-or the cap over the body section, and is securely retained there-V on with the open end of the body 'section snugly fitting the annular shoulder'. The pestle .or

pellet is designated at 56 and consistsoi-a cylinof the amalgam is distributed and ihusrrevented from forming a'globule, wherein 'the Eiertia could edect a dry center voi the mass formed drical member or body of uniform diameter throughout its length which is not affected by vl. the mixture ormaterials used 'in the amalgam,

such as mercury and alloys used iny conjunction ltherewith and has convex ends 51 also cut on true arcs substantially the same as the conf caved en'ds 53 and 54 of the mortar. This pestle is shown approximately one-half the length and I diameter of the mortar or chamber thereof, 'but this maybe slightly varied, and the size and weight of the cylindrical body formingthe'pestle will vary according to the pressure desired in the triturating action so that the'exact time required f to properly prepare the amalgam with the particular machine and movements produced by the device shown and described can be determined in advance and advised, so that accurate results are absolutely insured and can be guaranteed as is a matter of record. l y

It should be noted from Fig. 9 of the drawing that the pestle or elongated body forming .the same will normally lay on the bottom of the mortar and when the latter is actuated' in the manner described, the pestle will be oscillatedv tnrown back and forth so that the convex ends l, as well as the cylindrical sides 'of the `chamber or mortar and-pestle will act with proper impact as Well material within the mortar in preparing the violently against hel ends of the mortar to impact the material therebetween. This is eiece ends oi the pestle thrown' in the mortar alone, that is, the capsule. With the proper sized pestle :for a given' alloy E have been able to have amalgamation taire` place in three seconds using 1.25 ,grams of alloy and 2.25

1 grams of mercury; whereas, without the use of a pestle of proper weight and design it taires from one-halt to one minute to -amalgamate this above mass and then the amalgam is not ready for immediate use. With my method of 1 mixing amalgam it is ready for immediatev use, andtrituration is completely finished in approximately one-twelfth the time, or less in some cases. v y l While I have illustrated and described the preferred form of construction for carrying my invention into efl'ect,`this isvcapablejof variation. and modiiication without departing from the spirit of the invention. I, therefore. 'do not wish ends of approximately the same radii as said sliding motion againstthe tively accomplished by the conformity of the ends of the pestle with the concaved ends of the mortar, and as shown by dotted lines in said Fig. 9, the pestle l and slide in diilerent directions diametrically on the ends/,of the mortar in substantially diagonal positions at oppositeends of the mortar chamber 'due to the fact that the chamber ofthe capsule mortar M is considerably larger in diameterand" length than the diameter `and length of the pellet or pestle 56- so as to give an effective trlturating or grinding action which is particularly instrumental in speeding the preparing of the amalgam in a much shorter time than is possible .in the manner described and restrained from movement laterally and longitudinally under its inertia by the holding arms of the supporting means, while the pestle being Ia heavier body and unrestrained in its movements under its inertia, except by the walls of the mortar, lwill be oscillated and reciprocated within and independently of the mortar and slide against the walls of the mortar and material therebetween to be canted or thrown laterally in an arc, particularly at its ends, against and slide on the concaved ends of the mortar as shown in dotted lines 'in Fig. 9

of the drawing, to effectively comminute, mix and triturate the mixture or alloy and mercury for formingthe amalgam. v

The pestle of the present application prevents the possibility of the amalgam forming into a will be caused to be thrown laterally concave ends of the capsule, vthe relative cliame eters and lengths of the capsule andpestle beingsuch that when the diametrically opposite points on the opposite ends of the cylindrical portion of the pestle are in contactl with diametrically lopposite portions'of the side wallsoi. the capsule,l ythe surfaces of the ends of the pestle will be in substantial parallelism with the concave surfaces of the ends of the capsule.

2,'. A mortarand pestle comprising a mortar in the form of a cylindrical shell with a cylindrical 5 internal chamber having the entire area of each Y end concaved anda pestle comprising an elon-v gated cylindrical body with convex ends, said concaved ends `and said convex ends having the same radii, the chamber of the shell being'at least twice the length and diameter of the pestle.

3. A mortar andpestle, comprising a cylindrical mortar in the form of a capsule including a body section with a closed end and an open end and a cap of similar iorm-tted over and held on the open end forming a cylindrical internal chamber, the closed ends being concavedv internally and o! the same radius, and a pestle comprisingv an elongated cylindrical body about onehalf the length and diameter of the chamber with convex ends of the same curvature as said concaved ends to substantially conform to the latter, the cylindrical wall of the body section contacting the closed end of the cap to present a smooth working surface for the pestle and the mortar and pestle beingv circular in transverse cross section.

4. The combination with a mortar in the fo of a cylindrical shell having a cylindrical chamber with internal concaved ends, and a pestle in the mortar comprising a cylindrical weighted body having convex ends, said pestle being approximately one-half 'the length and diameter of the said chamber, means for supporting and oscillating said shell horizontally laterally on a ball or globule because the force of agitation substantially vertical axis and simultaneously 4 reciprocating the same with a swinging motion back and forth on a'substantially horlzontal'axis with each horizontal lateral oscillation, whereby of a cylindrical shell having a cylindrical chamber with internal concaved ends, and a pestle in the mortar comprising a cylindrical weighted body having convex ends, said pestle being approximately one-half the length and diameter of.

the said chamber, the concave ends of the chamber and the convex ends of the pestle being spherical surfaces having approximately the same radii, means for supporting and oscillating said shell horizontally laterally on a substantially vertical axis and simultaneously reciprocating the same with a swinging motion back and forth on a substantially horizontal axis with each horizontal lateral oscillation, whereby the pestle will be oscillated within the mortar and slid longitudinally in alternately differently diagonal positions onto the ends of the mortar chamber when the shell is actuated in the manner set forth.

EDWARD L. cHo'rr.

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