US2271234A - Colloidal carbon antihalation layer - Google Patents

Colloidal carbon antihalation layer Download PDF

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Publication number
US2271234A
US2271234A US343254A US34325440A US2271234A US 2271234 A US2271234 A US 2271234A US 343254 A US343254 A US 343254A US 34325440 A US34325440 A US 34325440A US 2271234 A US2271234 A US 2271234A
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layer
carbon
halation
dispersing agent
water
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US343254A
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Cyril J Staud
Walter J Weyerts
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Priority to US343254A priority Critical patent/US2271234A/en
Priority claimed from US385277A external-priority patent/US2327828A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic film and more particularly to a backing for such film for the purpose of reducing halation.
  • Halation occurs when a light-sensitive fllm, .plate or paper is exposed to a well lighted subject and the surface of the material, opposite that first reached by the light rays, does not contain a light-absorbing material. Light rays are then reflected onto the sensitive material from the support and produce the effectknown as halation. This is ordinarily overcome by applying a light-absorbing material on one of the surfaces of the support, usually the rear surface, so that rays which would otherwise be reflected onto the sensitive layer are thereby absorbed.
  • the light-ab sorbing material of the anti-halation layer it is usually desirable for the light-ab sorbing material of the anti-halation layer to absorb light to which the emulsion layer'is sensitive and, inthe case ,of panchromatic or multicolor elements, the anti-halation layer should absorb light throughout the visible spectrum. It is frequently impossibieto' obtain a dye having these properties and materials such as carbon have, therefore, been proposed for use in antihalation layers.
  • One of the disadvantages in using. carbon for'this purpose is that carbon is dimcult to disperse in the anti-halation layer in suillcientlyfinely-divided form and when suitablydispersed the backing layer cannot be removed in the alkaline photographic baths.
  • the principal object ofthe present invention to provide an anti-halatlon layer of colloidal carbon or carbon black-which is finely dispersed in a supporting medium and which can readily be removed in alkaline photo graphic developers.
  • a further object is to provide an anti halation layer which dissolves smoothly in photographic developers and does not disintegrate and contaminate the developer.
  • an alkali-soluble material such as an alkali-soluble cellulose ester or syntheti'c resin having colloidal carbon dispersed therein with 'a water-insoluble or water-soluble dispersing agent.
  • the material which we propose touseas'anod' anti-halation backing for photographic elements comprises as a supporting material an alkali-soluble material.
  • This material may be a cellulose ester, especially a cellulose dicarboxylic acid es- 5 ter, such as celluloseacetate phthalate or cellulose acetate proplonate maleate.
  • Water insoluble synthetic resins may also be used, such as polyvinyl phthalate or polyvinyl acetate phthalate.
  • this alkali-soluble material there is dispersed carbon black or colloidal carbon in the presence of a dispersing agent which maintains the carbon in finely-divided form ⁇ in the waterinsoluble material.
  • any suitable dispersing agent may be used in .15 the colloidal carbon dispersion, but-we prefer to use water-insoluble metallic soaps such as those described in ,U. S. Patents 2,173,444 and 2,173,445.
  • Suitable water-soluble dispersing agents are Aeromls, which are sulfonated esters of dicarboxy'lic acids, and Novonacco, which is a modi-' fled sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfon'ate.
  • carbon black in the form of a paste such as that described in Sweitzer' U. S. Patent 1,987,980, granted January 2., 15, 1935, which contains as a dispersing agent a "so the form of a mixture with water containing a dispersing agent and a small amount of alkali.
  • This mixture is run througha colloidal mill to form a smooth paste.
  • the colloidal carbon paste obtained by either method is then mixed with an organic solvent and added to the water-insoluble celluloseester or synthetic resin dissolved in organic solvents which'is thereby used as the supporting medium. Suitable examples are as follows: 7 0 Example 1,
  • the colloidal carbon is first thoroughly dis- .persed in the mixture of water and Cellosolve by means of a colloid mill. Solution A is then added to dispersion B and the resulting mixture run through'a colloid mill until a good dispersion of the carbon black is obtained. The final dispersion is then diluted with methyl alcohol to the desired coating consistency. If the above dispersion is mixed with about 1500 cc. of methyl alcohol a satisfactory coating dope is obtained.
  • Example 2 Carbon black grams l5 Emulphor O (A polyethylene-glycol condensation product).- ..grams.. 9 Polyvinyl acetate phthalate do 120 Denatured ethyl alcoholur cc 2,500
  • Tl'iecarbon black is mixed with a dispersing agent in 500 cc. of alcohol to form a paste.
  • the polyvinyl acetate phthalate is dissolved in 400 cc. of alcohol and this solution is added to the paste and the mixture passed several times through a paint mill or colloid mill to prepare the final carbon dispersion.
  • This-dispersion may be diluted for coating if desired.
  • Emulphor 0 is a water-soluble dispersing agent, but is also soluble in organic solvents, as
  • This dispersing agent can also be used to make first a dispersion of carbon black in water with the aid of a paint mill or colloid mill, and the organic solvents added later.
  • a support it of any suitable material such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose -acetate propionate or synthetic resin is coated with an emulsion layer ii or with suitable subbing layers between the support iii and the emulsion layer ii, and with the anti-halation layer l2 consisting of an alkalisoluble material containing the dispersed colloidal carbon.
  • a photographic element comprising a suptheirport having thereon a sensitive emulsion layer and an anti-halation layer of an alkali-soluble synthetic colloidal material containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a dispersing agent.
  • a photographic. element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of an alkali-soluble synthetic colloidal material containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a dispersing agent.
  • a photographic element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an antl-halation layer of an alkali-soluble cellulose ester containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a water insoluble dispersing agent.
  • a photographic element comprising a. transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of an alkali-soluble dicarboxylic acid ester of cellulose containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a water-insoluble dispersing agent.
  • a photographic element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of cellulose acetate phthalate containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a water insoluble dispersing agent.
  • a photographic element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer" of an alkali-soluble synthetic resin containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a water-insoluble dispersing agent.
  • a photographic element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a an anti-halation layer of polyvinyl acetate phthalate containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a dispersing agent.
  • a photographic element comprising a support having on one side thereof a panchromatic gelatino silver halide emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of an alkali soluble dicarboxylic acid ester of cellulose containing carbon black dispersed therein with a water-insoluble metallic soap dispersing agent.
  • a photographic element comprising a support having on one side thereof a panchromatic gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of polyvinyl phthalate containing carbon black dispersed therein with a water-insoluble metallic soap dispersing agent.

Description

Jan. 27, 1942. c. J. STAUD ET'AL 2,271,234
COLLQIDAL CARBON ANTIHALATION LAYER Filed June 29, 1940 -EMUL6/0/Y. yTRA/YSPAREN T J UPPOR 7:
m A/YTl-HALAT/O/YLAYER 0F [2 ALMLPSOLUBLE HATER/AL CONTAIN/N6 pups/2550 .COLLO/DAL CARBON.
GrQ/L J 57/100 M TER J WE'VERTS INVENTORS A T'TORNE Y Patented Jan. 27, 1942 i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1.com. caRBZiZZm'rIoN men J cyan I. Stand andWalter J. weyerts. Rochester,
N. Y., asalgnors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application June 29,1940, Serial No. 343,254
This invention relates to photographic film and more particularly to a backing for such film for the purpose of reducing halation.
The problem of preventing halation in'photographic elements is a well known one and var-v ious means have been designedto overcome this phenomenon. Halation occurs when a light-sensitive fllm, .plate or paper is exposed to a well lighted subject and the surface of the material, opposite that first reached by the light rays, does not contain a light-absorbing material. Light rays are then reflected onto the sensitive material from the support and produce the effectknown as halation. This is ordinarily overcome by applying a light-absorbing material on one of the surfaces of the support, usually the rear surface, so that rays which would otherwise be reflected onto the sensitive layer are thereby absorbed. It is usually desirable for the light-ab sorbing material of the anti-halation layer to absorb light to which the emulsion layer'is sensitive and, inthe case ,of panchromatic or multicolor elements, the anti-halation layer should absorb light throughout the visible spectrum. It is frequently impossibieto' obtain a dye having these properties and materials such as carbon have, therefore, been proposed for use in antihalation layers. One of the disadvantages in using. carbon for'this purpose, however, is that carbon is dimcult to disperse in the anti-halation layer in suillcientlyfinely-divided form and when suitablydispersed the backing layer cannot be removed in the alkaline photographic baths.
It is, therefore,.the principal object ofthe present invention to provide an anti-halatlon layer of colloidal carbon or carbon black-which is finely dispersed in a supporting medium and which can readily be removed in alkaline photo graphic developers. A further object is to provide an anti halation layer which dissolves smoothly in photographic developers and does not disintegrate and contaminate the developer.
Other objects will appear from the following dev scription of our invention.
These objects are accomplished by using as the I anti-halation' layer an alkali-soluble material such as an alkali-soluble cellulose ester or syntheti'c resin having colloidal carbon dispersed therein with 'a water-insoluble or water-soluble dispersing agent.
' In the-accompanying'drawing the'single figure is a sectional view 'of -a photographic iilm having an anti-halation layer according to our invention.
The material which we propose touseas'anod' anti-halation backing for photographic elements comprises as a supporting material an alkali-soluble material. This material may be a cellulose ester, especially a cellulose dicarboxylic acid es- 5 ter, such as celluloseacetate phthalate or cellulose acetate proplonate maleate. Water insoluble synthetic resins may also be used, such as polyvinyl phthalate or polyvinyl acetate phthalate. In this alkali-soluble material there is dispersed carbon black or colloidal carbon in the presence of a dispersing agent which maintains the carbon in finely-divided form\in the waterinsoluble material.
Any suitable dispersing agent may be used in .15 the colloidal carbon dispersion, but-we prefer to use water-insoluble metallic soaps such as those described in ,U. S. Patents 2,173,444 and 2,173,445. Suitable water-soluble dispersing agents are Aeromls, which are sulfonated esters of dicarboxy'lic acids, and Novonacco, which is a modi-' fled sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfon'ate.
In accordance with our invention, carbon black in the form of a paste, such as that described in Sweitzer' U. S. Patent 1,987,980, granted January 2., 15, 1935, which contains as a dispersing agent a "so the form of a mixture with water containing a dispersing agent and a small amount of alkali. This mixture is run througha colloidal mill to form a smooth paste. The colloidal carbon paste obtained by either method is then mixed with an organic solvent and added to the water-insoluble celluloseester or synthetic resin dissolved in organic solvents which'is thereby used as the supporting medium. Suitable examples are as follows: 7 0 Example 1,
. The following mixtures are prepared:
. A Polyvinyl .phthalate grams 160 '4 Acetone 700 w l Methyl alcohol cc 700 Colloidal carbon paste .'.grams.- 0 Water !p I Cellosolve 700 The colloidal carbon is first thoroughly dis- .persed in the mixture of water and Cellosolve by means of a colloid mill. Solution A is then added to dispersion B and the resulting mixture run through'a colloid mill until a good dispersion of the carbon black is obtained. The final dispersion is then diluted with methyl alcohol to the desired coating consistency. If the above dispersion is mixed with about 1500 cc. of methyl alcohol a satisfactory coating dope is obtained.
Example 2 Carbon black grams l5 Emulphor O (A polyethylene-glycol condensation product).- ..grams.. 9 Polyvinyl acetate phthalate do 120 Denatured ethyl alcoholur cc 2,500
Tl'iecarbon black is mixed with a dispersing agent in 500 cc. of alcohol to form a paste. The polyvinyl acetate phthalate is dissolved in 400 cc. of alcohol and this solution is added to the paste and the mixture passed several times through a paint mill or colloid mill to prepare the final carbon dispersion. This-dispersion may be diluted for coating if desired.
Emulphor 0 is a water-soluble dispersing agent, but is also soluble in organic solvents, as
shown in Example 2. This dispersing agent can also be used to make first a dispersion of carbon black in water with the aid of a paint mill or colloid mill, and the organic solvents added later.
Our invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in the drawing, a support it of any suitable material such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose -acetate propionate or synthetic resin is coated with an emulsion layer ii or with suitable subbing layers between the support iii and the emulsion layer ii, and with the anti-halation layer l2 consisting of an alkalisoluble material containing the dispersed colloidal carbon.
When film backed with a. material of the nature described above is placed in a developer or an alkaline pre-bath, the coating will be dissolved by the, alkali, releasing the carbon black which can be completely removed from the back of the film by a jet of water if it has not already been removed by the agitation of the film in the developer or pro-bath.
The layers coated according to our invention dissolve smoothly in photographic developers and do not disintegrate and come off in large pieces herein and that our invention is to be taken as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
We claim: 1. A photographic element comprising a suptheirport having thereon a sensitive emulsion layer and an anti-halation layer of an alkali-soluble synthetic colloidal material containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a dispersing agent.
2. A photographic. element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of an alkali-soluble synthetic colloidal material containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a dispersing agent.
3. A photographic element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an antl-halation layer of an alkali-soluble cellulose ester containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a water insoluble dispersing agent.
4. A photographic element comprising a. transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of an alkali-soluble dicarboxylic acid ester of cellulose containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a water-insoluble dispersing agent.
5. A photographic element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of cellulose acetate phthalate containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a water insoluble dispersing agent.
6. A photographic element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a sensitive emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer" of an alkali-soluble synthetic resin containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a water-insoluble dispersing agent.
7. A photographic element comprising a transparent support having on one side thereof a an anti-halation layer of polyvinyl acetate phthalate containing colloidal carbon dispersed therein with a dispersing agent.
9. A photographic element comprising a support having on one side thereof a panchromatic gelatino silver halide emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of an alkali soluble dicarboxylic acid ester of cellulose containing carbon black dispersed therein with a water-insoluble metallic soap dispersing agent.
10. A photographic element comprising a support having on one side thereof a panchromatic gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer and on the opposite side an anti-halation layer of polyvinyl phthalate containing carbon black dispersed therein with a water-insoluble metallic soap dispersing agent.
CYRIL J. STAUD. WALTER J, WEYERTS.
US343254A 1940-06-29 1940-06-29 Colloidal carbon antihalation layer Expired - Lifetime US2271234A (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462534A (en) * 1946-03-29 1949-02-22 Du Pont Light-sensitive photographic elements
US2694662A (en) * 1950-06-10 1954-11-16 Eastman Kodak Co Opaque sheeting and method of making same
US2716060A (en) * 1950-07-07 1955-08-23 Direct Reproduction Corp Contact printing emulsion and method of making
US3275439A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-09-27 Ibm Method of updating a record member
US3516832A (en) * 1966-11-25 1970-06-23 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic articles and materials useful in their manufacture
US4480026A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-10-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stable dispersions for use in photographic film having an opaque backing layer
US5576162A (en) * 1996-01-18 1996-11-19 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having an electrically-conductive layer
EP0772080A2 (en) 1995-11-02 1997-05-07 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element useful as a motion picture print film
US5747232A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-05-05 Eastman Kodak Company Motion imaging film comprising a carbon black-containing backing and a process surviving conductive subbing layer
US5786134A (en) * 1997-05-15 1998-07-28 Eastman Kodak Company Motion picture print film
US6162596A (en) * 1999-08-30 2000-12-19 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging elements containing an electrically-conductive layer comprising polythiophene and a cellulosic polymer binder
US6190846B1 (en) 1998-10-15 2001-02-20 Eastman Kodak Company Abrasion resistant antistatic with electrically conducting polymer for imaging element
US6429248B2 (en) 1999-08-30 2002-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Coating composition containing electrically-conductive polymer and solvent mixture
US20040135126A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-07-15 Schwark Dwight W. Coating composition containing polythiophene and solvent mixture
US20050029496A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2005-02-10 Schwark Dwight W. Coating composition containing polythiophene, film-forming binder, and solvent mixture

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462534A (en) * 1946-03-29 1949-02-22 Du Pont Light-sensitive photographic elements
US2694662A (en) * 1950-06-10 1954-11-16 Eastman Kodak Co Opaque sheeting and method of making same
US2716060A (en) * 1950-07-07 1955-08-23 Direct Reproduction Corp Contact printing emulsion and method of making
US3275439A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-09-27 Ibm Method of updating a record member
US3516832A (en) * 1966-11-25 1970-06-23 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic articles and materials useful in their manufacture
US4480026A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-10-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stable dispersions for use in photographic film having an opaque backing layer
US5679505A (en) * 1995-11-02 1997-10-21 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element useful as a motion picture print film
EP0772080A2 (en) 1995-11-02 1997-05-07 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element useful as a motion picture print film
EP0785464A1 (en) 1996-01-18 1997-07-23 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having an electrically-conductive layer
US5576162A (en) * 1996-01-18 1996-11-19 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having an electrically-conductive layer
US5747232A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-05-05 Eastman Kodak Company Motion imaging film comprising a carbon black-containing backing and a process surviving conductive subbing layer
US5786134A (en) * 1997-05-15 1998-07-28 Eastman Kodak Company Motion picture print film
US6190846B1 (en) 1998-10-15 2001-02-20 Eastman Kodak Company Abrasion resistant antistatic with electrically conducting polymer for imaging element
US6355406B2 (en) 1998-10-15 2002-03-12 Eastman Kodak Company Process for forming abrasion-resistant antistatic layer with polyurethane for imaging element
US6162596A (en) * 1999-08-30 2000-12-19 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging elements containing an electrically-conductive layer comprising polythiophene and a cellulosic polymer binder
US6429248B2 (en) 1999-08-30 2002-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Coating composition containing electrically-conductive polymer and solvent mixture
US20040135126A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-07-15 Schwark Dwight W. Coating composition containing polythiophene and solvent mixture
US20050029496A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2005-02-10 Schwark Dwight W. Coating composition containing polythiophene, film-forming binder, and solvent mixture

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