US2243317A - Counter freezer - Google Patents

Description

Patented May 27, 1941 UNiTED STATES PATENT OFFICE COUNTER FREEZER Louis A. M. Phelan, Rockton, Ill.

Application April 1, 1939, Serial No. 265,567

Claims.

It is the intention that the present patent shall cover by suitable claims features other than claimed in my copending divisional application Serial No. 358,012, iled September 23, 1940, Dispensing valve for counter freezers. I

The present invention relates to a device suitable for freezing ice cream, malted milk, ices and the like and has, generally stated for its principal objects reducing the time required for freezing, more completely breaking up and mixing the ingredients so as to make the product more palatable and provide a simple and efcient device which is convenient to operate.

In the present invention novel scraping and lifting` means are provided for preventing the mixture from forming an insulating film on the evaporator surface and having preferably in rear of this lifting means a rotating beater which is adapted to cut through and whip this lifted lm in a manner which will break it up into its transfer and a smooth finely divided Inixture at a uniform over-run and temperature.

Freezing ice cream and malteds is diilicult because the mixture has a low specific gravity and it is somewhat sticky and tenacious. It has an inherent tendency to solidify in lumps and freeze in flakes because of the low temperature of the evaporator surface with which it is in contact. There is also a tendency for the mix to form a sticky frozen film on the surface of the evaporator which, when removed, tends to remain in a solid state even when the rest of the mixture is in a liquid state.

Ice cream generally has about 100% over-run. That is, when the freezing is completed., about 50% of the bulk is air. This air must be finely divided and Im'xed with the cream which also must be finely divided or broken up in order to form a homogeneous, velvety and palatable product. This mixing of the air with the mixture must be accomplished quickly and during the freezing operation. My device was designed to perfectly accomplish these results.

A novel feature of the present invention is the mounting, shape and position of the beaters which follow the scraper blades. 'I'he beaters are turned in the opposite direction to the rotor and at considerably higher speed so as to completely stir, break up and mix the air with the mixture during all of the time it is being frozen. At the same time, this action prevents the formation of lumps or flakes which are not easily broken up when once formed.

Other novel features of the present invention are the shape and position of the scraper blades and their manner of operation whereby the cutting edge of the blade is yieldingly held against ,the Wall of the evaporator without the use o-f springs but having means for limiting the movement of the blades and means whereby the blades may be easily removed and replaced.

Further objects of the present invention are to provide a door having an inlet and means cooperating With the rotor whereby the mixture is forced away from the inlet and toward the outlet.

To these and other useful ends my invention consists of parts, combinations of parts, or their equivalents, and mode of operation, as hereinafter set forth and claimed and shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the preferred form of my improved freezer taken on line l-l of Figure 2.

Fig. 2 is a front elevational View of my improved freezer.

Fig. 3 is a detail View of a scraper blade showing it in operating position.

Fig. 4 is a fiat side view of the blade shown in Figure 3 illustrating its position on the rotor rod.

Fig. 5 is a side elevational View o-f the complete rotor.

Fig. 6 is a rear elevational View of the rotor as shown in Figure 5.

Fig. 7 is a side elevational view of the beater.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fractional vieW of the door and rotor taken on line 8-8 of Figure 2.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged fractional View of the door including a fraction of the mixing rotor taken on line 9--9 of Figure 2.

Fig. 10 is a rear elevational view of the door.

Fig. 11 illustrates the position of the outlet valve when the chamber is designed to be vertically positioned.

Fig. 12 is a plan view of a modified form of rotor.

Fig. 13 is a rear View of the rotor shown in As thus illustrated, the evaporator portion of my invention is designated in its entirety by reference character A, the door by reference character B and the mixing rotor by reference character C. Member A comprises an inner circular wall Hl, an inner end` wall II, an outer circular wall l2 and an outer rear wall I3. Walls Ill and i2 at their fronts are secured together as at I4. The rear walls are provided with an opening and a sleeve for the reception of the driving shaft as follows:

A ring I5 having the same width as the space between members I I and I3 is positioned as illustrated in Figure l. The inner wall II is turned outwardly as at I5, the outer edge being welded to the inner edge of member I3 as at I'I. A Thus spaces Ill-I8 are provided through which the liquid refrigerant is caused topass -in amanner which forms no part of the present invention.

I provide a sleeve I9 having therein a groove for the reception of a sealing ring. Driving shaft 2| is rotatably mounted in sleeve I9 and adapted at its inner end to carry and drive the mixing rotor as will hereinafter appear. Member i9 is provided with an inner flange 22, the under surface of which is angled as at 23 leaving a sharp outer edge for contact with member I I.

Sieeve I9 is adapted to fit tightly in the opening left by member I5 and is provided with a nut 24 b-y means of which the sharp edge' of flange 22 is pulled with considerable force into the surface of member I I thus to provide a liquid tight joint.

Member B comprises preferably a casting having a face adapted to fit against the outer edge of member I4 and form a liquid tight joint. I provide preferably spaced hinge members 39-30, the other portion of the hinge is also spaced and is designated by reference numeral 3 I--3 I. Members ISI are secured to member A in any convenient manner (not shown).

A hinge pin 32 forms an axis on which the door may swing to an open or closed position. Member 32 is provided with a hand gripping piece 33. The openings in members or 3| are made somewhat larger than pin 32 so when the lid is closed, it will ybe free to be drawn up tightly against its seat in the following manner:

I provide an arm 34 having an opening at one end for the free reception of member 32. I provide spaced brackets 35-35 which are secured to member A in any convenient manner (not shown) and are provided with a pin 36 having a hand grip piece 3l'. Member 34 is provided with an opening for the free reception of member 36.

I provide a hand piece 38 having a threaded member 39 which is screw threaded through member 34 as indicated in Figure l, the end being pointed as at 49, member B being countersunk suitable for the reception of member 40. Thus when the door is closed and pin 35 is placed in position, hand piece 38 may be turned clockwise and the door forced snugly against end iember I4, thus forming a liquid tight joint.

In the top of member B I provide an inlet passageway 4I having a hinged lid 42 which vmay be conveniently lifted when it is desired to charge the freezer with the mixture to 'be frozen. Opening 4I extends downwardly and inwardly as clearly illustrated in Figure 1 and intersecting a depression 43 which terminates at ledges 45-45 (see dotted lines in Figure 2 and also see Figures 8, 9 and 10).

It will be seen that the mixture as it falls fromY inlet 4I willbe diverted to the right or in the direction the adjacent portion of the rotor B is turning and since the rotor turns clock-Wise when viewed from the shaft end, it will act to move the incoming mixture in the same direction, thus, clearly, the mixture will not be permitted to rise in inlet 4I. This is an important matter because this inlet must be free enough to permit entrance of enough air for the overrun.

I provide a draw-flex dispensing valve at the bottom of the door comprising a tube 50' having an opening 5I in its bottom and near its longitudinal center and a valve seat 52. A piston or plunger 53 is provided which ts snugly in the bore of member 59 and is adapted to rest Yen -seat 52 thus forming a definite seal. Valve 53 is provided with a rod or stem 54 which slidably extends through a cap 55 protruding a distance land having secured to its end a hand grip 56.

I provide preferably a spring 51 which is adapted to hold valve 53 firmly on its seat. It will be observed that the outlet is at the bottom of passageway 43 and adjacent the bottom of ledge 45 (see Figures 9 and 10). Thus the adjacent end member of the rotor, turning and being shaped'as indicated in Figure 9, will tend to force the mixture against ledge 45 and into the outlet.

The valve or dispenser is operated as follows: Hand piece 55 is gripped and the valve pulled rearwardly against the action of spring 5'I far enough to uncover opening 5I. This valve may be held open long enough to ll the container or dish and on the rotor as will hereinafter appear acts to force the semi-frozen mixture to follow the valve as it is moved outward and force the mixture through outlet 5I while the valve is held open.

A novel feature of my improved dispensing valve is .that when the valve returns to its closed position, all of the surplus mixture is forced back into the chamber and is again acted upon by the rotor.

Rotor C comprises preferably hub members 65 and E5, each having wings 69-69 which are angled as illustrated to thereby act to force the semi-frozen mixture to follow the outlet valve when it is being opened and to exude this mixture when the valve is open. Beater supporting members 'IU-Ill are provided (see Figure G) Members 99 are secured together by means of spaced bars I2-'I2. Thus to provide a substantial open frame work upon which my improved scrapers and beaters are mounted. Clearly the end members may be made similar to a disc having openings and a shape which will operate similar to the end members illustrated.

I provide preferably a sleeve 64 having a Vsquare opening suitable for the reception of a squared extension El of shaft 2|. Sleeve 64 is rotatably mounted in member 65 and is provided with apertures into which pins 63 are snugly tted, the pins being positioned to thereby lie in keyways 62 which are cut into member 65, the pins acting as thrust spacers for the sleeves and having cut-away grooves 6I which lie across the joint between members 64 and 65.

If, by accident, the mixture in the chamber becomes too hard to permit the rotor to turn, keys 63 are adapted .to shear off at the groove and permit sleeve 64 to turn without turning the rotor thus avoiding the possibility of damaging other parts of the power equipment. It will be seen that without groove 6I, if the pins were sheared, the ragged edges would damage llength of about the length of the rotor.

the opening in member 65. prevent this.

Member B is provided with a trunnion G8 and member 66 is provided with an opening suitable for the reception of this trunnion as illustrated in Figure l. One of the front wings B9 is cutaway as at 'Il (See Figure 1 and dotted lines in Figure 6). This cut-away portion iS provided because of the close proximity of the adjacent scraper. Thus there is no obstruction to the movement of the mix from this scraper to the iid and its outlet.

I provide plates 'i3 which are secured to the rods on an angle (see Figures 1 and 5). These plates are thin and narrow and positioned close to the evaporator wall to thereby act to move The groove acts to the mixture adjacent the wall toward the front of the chamber.

Members 69 are angled as clearly illustrated in Figures 1 and 5. Thus, when rotor C turns as indicated by arrow in Figures 6, 8 and 9, members 69 and 'i3 will act to move the mix toward the door and into its outlet. Clearly when the portion of the nnxture adjacent the wall of the evaporator is moved forward, it will return through the center of the chamber. Thus there will be a reverse longitudinal ilow of the mixture in the chamber and an added pressure of the mixture against valve 53.

I provide a number of scraper blades 8E) which are preferably hingedly mounted on certain rods as illustrated. The Scrapers at their ends are preferably angled to correspond with the angle of members 59 and 13 and are tapered down to a sharp edge at their front edges (See Figure 3) and having at their rear edges a cutaway portion 8I, the bottom of which is slit `for the reception and bonding of the front edges of Spring grips 82-82, these springs being shaped so they may be pressed over rods 12 and cooperate with the rearwardly projecting corners of the Scrapers to form a detachable hinge connection to the rod and a substantial means for taking the rearward thrust of the blade.

I provide pins 83 in one end of each Scraper which extend through the enlarged opening 84 either in members 69 or 'I3 thus member 80 will always be held in an operating position. That is, the sharp edge will be held close to the wall of the evaporator when the rotor is standing. Thus, because of the angle of the blades, as soon as the rotor begins to turn, the action of the mixture and centrifugal force will immediately force the blades outwardly and continue to hold their sharp edges against the wall as long as the rotor is in operation. Thus a yielding contact is made by the Scrapers without the use of springs and the Scrapers may be easily removed for cleaning.

It will be noted that because of the position of the scraper blades, their contact pressure against the evaporator wall will be increased as the necessity for additional pressure is present because of the action of the mixture against the front of the blades.

It will be noted that two of the spaced Scrapers are positioned toward the front and two are positioned on the opposite side of the rotor and toward the rear (see Figures 1 and 5). Thus practically all of the surface of the evaporator will be contacted by four Scrapers having a total Clearly in larger units, three groups of Scrapers may be positioned on three rods. Obviously two Scrapers each about the length of the rotor may be used. I prefer, however, short spaced scrapers as illustrated because all of the evaporator surface may be scraped with one half the total length of scraper Surface required if two full length Scrapers were used.

Arms 10 are adapted to carry my improved whirl beater as illustrated in Figures 1, 5, 6 and 7. These beaters comprise end discs ilu-9B which are spaced and secured together preferably by means of a suitable number of rods 9|, the rods being positioned near the periphery of the discs as illustrated. This assembly is preferably rotatably mounted on a Shaft 92, the protruding ends of the shaft being attened as at 93.

Arms lil are provided with elongated Slots 94 for the reception of the ends 93. The slots preferably are angled as clearly illustrated in Figure 6 thus when the rotor is turned in the direction indicated by arrow in this iigure, the slots are as indicated angled rearwardly toward the outer end and positioned so the periphery of members Si) will yieldingly contact the wall of the evaporator, the angle of the slots acting to assist centrifugal force to cause members 9i] to snugly hug the wall. This assistance is particularly needed after the mixture has become somewhat hardened. Clearly shafts 92 may be detached by spreading the ends of arms Til.

It will be seen by Scrutinizing Figures 1 and 3 that the Scrapers will act to scrape loose and lift any lm that may form on the Wall of the evaporator or lift the mixture from this wall and the beater which follows will cut through this lifted iilm and whip and break it up and force the mixture outwardly against the wall of the evaporator and then throw it in a loosened state toward the center of the chamber.

At the rear end of member C I provide a scraper 95. This scraper acts to prevent a harmful collection of the mixture on wall il. As illustrated, this scraper is made of very thin flexible material and is bonded to member il as indicated. However, a scraper may be provided somewhat similar to Scrapers B but being preferably exibly mounted on member 59 in Some convenient manner so as to provide a limited movement similar to members 8i! and for the same purpose. Thus the Scrapers, whirl beaters and other parts of the rotor will act to quickly form a homogeneous mass having the proper amount of overrun and the air and mixture will be nely broken up and mixed.

It will be seen that the mixture will be circulated longitudinally and the whirl beaters will cause the mixture to continuously impinge the surface of the evaporator transversely; thus to increase heat transfer whereby the time required forl whipping and freezing the mixture to the desired consistency is reduced to a minimum.

In Figure 11 I illustrate my improved freezer adapted to be positioned vertically wherein all of the parts are exactly the same as in the other figures except the dispensing valve which is positioned at the bottom of the chamber.

The door 96, it will be noted, is somewhat Similar to door B and is provided with a ledge 97 and a channel-way 9B (see dotted lines) which are formed somewhat similar to the ledge and channel-way formed for the inlet il of the other figures. Thus to cause the mixture to move away from instead of into the inlet. A vertically projecting iiller inlet 99 is provided which is equipped with a hinged lid 42 similar to that shown in the other figures.

I illustrate in Figure 11 a modified form of dispensing valve wherein spring 51 is dispensed with and valve stern H5 is provided with a pin I I6, the ends protruding in each direction.

Horizontally positioned key-ways (not shown) are cut in the orifice in cap IIT whereby when pin IIS is turned to a horizontal position, stem I I5 may be moved rearwardly and the valve may be locked in its closed position when stem I|5 is turned so the ends of pin H6 ride over cams H-I I8 as illustrated. Thus the valve may be manually operated so as to perform the same functions as in Figure 1 except that the hand piece must be turned to lift the valve and again turned for forcing and holding the valve on its seat. Cams I I8 are shown as being made of solid material. I may elect to provide cams of dat spring material similar to the well known bayonet fixture used on automobile radiator caps.

Referring now to Figures 12 and 13 wherein the rotor comprises end member hubs Iii!) and IIII each preferably having wings MIZ-H32 on one side which diverge outwardly and terminate adjacent the wall of the chamber. These wings are angled as illustrated to correspond with members SQ in the other figures.

I provide arms M3 on 'the hubs opposite wings g`2 and being similar to members 'Ill of the other figures except that projections IBA-|04 are provided as illustrated. gether as illustrated by means of rods |05. Members IM are also secured together by means of rods 05. I may elect to secure members |93 together by means of a single rod and dispense with members It@ (see dotted lines in Figure 13).

Thus it will be seen that I have provided a light, simple and strong rotor frame upon which to hingedly mount a single scraper blade or a single row of blades and a single beater. The scraper blades are preferably shaped similar to the blades 8U and are therefore given similar numbers. These blades are mounited on one of the rods 65 as illustrated and being spaced so as to make room for the mixture moving plates |01. These plates are formed so as. to provide projections I for limiting the swing movement of the blades. A blade (not shown) is provided which is shaped and positioned similar to blade 95 of the other figures.

I rotatably mount a beater between members HIS similar to the beater and mounting shown in the other gures, therefore I have designated the parts associated with the beater by similar numerals. rotor will operate similar to the rotor shown in the other gures differing only in that all of the blades are mounted on a single rod on one side of the rotor and a single beater is mounted on the other side of the rotor.

An object of my rotor design is to lift, stir and agitate the mixture without causing it to whirl around the periphery of the chamber. Therefore I secure the end members of the rotor together by means of relatively small rods, the blades and rotors being adapted to lift, mix and stir the mixture with very little frontal pressure.

Clearly many minor detail changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as recited in the appended claims.

Having thus shown and described my invention, I claim:

1. A device of the class described comprising in combination, an evaporator chamber, a rotat- Wings m2 are secured to- Thus it will be seen that this modified Jil ably mounted mixing rotor in said chamber, said mixing rotor comprising end members being secured together by means of spaced rods which are positioned near the periphery thereof, two or more scraper blades hingedly mounted on certain rods, two or more beaters rotatably mounted on said end members, said beaters comprising -spaced discs being secured together by a number of rods, shafts upon which said discs are rotatably mounted and their ends being slidably supported in said end members with means whereby the turning of said rotor will cause said discs to yieldingly hug the wall of said chamber and be friction driven thereby.

2. A device of the class described comprising in combination, an evaporator chamber formed with a permanently closed end and having a removably secured door at the other end, a mixing rotor rotatably mounted in said chamber comprising end members secured together by means of spaced rods and being positioned near the periphery thereof, two or more groups of scraper blades hingedly mounted in spaced relation on certain rods, two or more beaters rotatably mounted on said end members each being positioned in rear of a group of Scrapers, said beaters comprising end discs being secured together by beating means, said beater mountings having means whereby said discs will be caused to yieldingly hug the wall of said chamber when the rotor is in operation, said blades having front cutting edges and cut-away portions on their rear edges and midway their lengths, two oppositely turned spring plates secured to the bottom of said cut-away portion, the free ends being shaped to thereby cooperate with the uncut rear portion of the blades to form means whereby the blades may be manually removed from the rods, means on said rotor and blades adapted to limit the hinged movement of said blades.

3. 'A device of the class described comprising in combination, an evaporator chamber formed with a permanently closed end and having a detachably secured door at the other end, a mixer rotatably mounted within said chamber, said mixer comprising end members each having a wing and an oppositely positioned arm, said pairs of wings and arms being secured together by means of rods, spaced scraper blades being hingedly mounted on a wing connecting rod, plates positioned between said scrapers and said wing rods at a transverse angle, the ends of said scraper blades being angled to correspond with the angle of said plates whereby the plates and Scrapers will tend to move the mixture longitudinally along the wall of said chamber, a relatively small in diameter beater rotatably mounted on the ends of said arms, said beater comprising end discs being secured together by means of spaced rods. said beater mounting having means whereby said discs will be caused to yieldingly hug the wall of the evaporator and be driven thereby when the mixer is rotated.

4. A device of the class described comprising in combination, a horizontally positioned circular in cross section evaporator chamber formed with a permanently closed end and having a detachably secured door at the other end, a mixing rotor within said chamber, a driving shaft rotatably mounted in said closed end and having the bottom thereof each intersecting oppositely directed circumferentially tapered depressions, each said depressions terminating in a sharp ledge, said inlet and outlet connections being positioned adj acent their ledges.

5. A device of the class described comprising in combination, a horizontally positioned circular in cross section evaporator chamber formed with a permanently closed end and having a detachably secured door at the other end, a mixing rotor within said chamber, a driving shaft rotatably mounted in said closed end and having means for operatively engaging the adjacent end of said rotor, said door having means to rotatably support the other end of the rotor, an inlet in the top of said door and an outlet valve in the bottom thereof each intersecting oppositely directed circumferentially tapered depressions, each said depression terminating in a sharp ledge, said inlet and outlet connections being positioned adjacent their ledges, means on said rotor adapted to move the mixture adjacent the wall of said chamber toward said door to thereby increase the pressure against said outlet valve.

6. A device of the class described comprising in combination, an evaporator chamber formed with a permanently closed end and having a detachably secured door at the other end, a mixing rotor within said chamber, a driving shaft rotatably mounted in said closed end and having means for operatively engaging the adjacent end of said rotor, said door having means to rotatably support the other end of the rotor, said rotor comprising spaced end members having connecting rods therebetween, a number of groups of scraper blades hingedly mounted on' certain rods each having a limit stop whereby the cutting edge of the blades may yieldingly contact the wall of said chamber and be held near their operating position when the rotor is standing, the blades of one row being staggered relative to the blades of the preceding row.

7. A device of the class described comprising in combination, a horizontally positioned evaporator chamber formed with a permanently closed end and having a detachably secured door at the other end, a mixing rotor within said chamber, a driving shaft rotatably mounted in said closed end and having means for operatively engaging the adjacent end of said rotor, said door having means to rotatably support the other end of the rotor, scraper blades hingedly mounted on said rotor and being angled whereby the cutting edges will be urged against the wall of said chamber by their movement against the mixture, a beater rotatably mounted on said rotor comprising spaced circular end discs and a number of rods therebetween, said beater mountings having means whereby the discs will be yieldingly held against the wall of said chamber when said rotor is in operation.

8. A device of the class described comprising in combination, a circular container having rotatably mounted therein a mixing rotor, means for driving said rotor, said rotor comprising spaced end members being secured together by means of spaced rods, scraper blades mounted on certain said rods and adapted to scrape loose and lift the mixture from the wall of said chamber, beaters rotatably mounted on said end members near the periphery thereof each comprising spaced discs having a number of rods therebetween, said beater mountings having means whereby the discs will be yieldingly held against the wall of said chamber whensaid rotor is in operation to thereby cause the beaters to turn in the opposite direction to the rotor and whip and beat the lifted mixture back against the Wall of said container. y

9. A device of the class described, comprising a circular in cross section chamber, a mixingY rotor rotatably mounted in said chamber, means for driving said rotor, said rotor having end members rigidly secured together by cross members, means mounted on said cross members adapted to move the mixture longitudinally along the' walls of said chamber, one or more scraper blades mounted on said rotor and adapted to yieldingly .contact the wall of the chamber and scrape loose and lift the mixture therefrom, one or more beaters rotatably mounted on said rotor comprising spaced discs being secured together by beating means, the mounting of said beaters having means whereby said discs will yieldingly contact said chamber wall when said rotor is in motion and be friction driven thereby.

10. A device of the class described, comprising a circular in cross section chamber, a mixing rotor rotatably mounted in said' chamber, means for driving said rotor, said rotorhaving end members rigidly secured together by spaced bars, Scrapers mounted on certain said bars and adapted to scrape loose and lift the mixture from the wall of said chamber, a beater rotatably mounted on said end members comprising spaced circular end members rigidly secured together by spaced rods, the mounting of said beater having means whereby said circular end members will be yieldingly held against the wall of said chamber when said rotor is in operation to thereby turn said beater by friction.

11. A device of the class described, comprising a circular in cross section chamber, a mixing rotor rotatably mounted in said chamber, driving means for said rotor, an outlet in one end of said chamber having a manually operated valve therein, means on said rotor adapted to move the mixture longitudinally along the wall of said chamber toward said outlet, scraper blades hingedly mounted on Isaid rotor being adapted to scrape loose and lift the mixture from the wall of the chamber, one or more relatively sm-all in diameter beaters rotatably mounted on said rotor, said beaters comprisingspaced circular end members being secured together by beating means, said beater mounting adapted to urge said circular end members against the wall of -said chamber when said rotor is in motion.

12. A device of the class' described, comprising a circular incross section chamber, a rotor rotatably mounted in said chamber, means for driving said rotor, said rotor having spaced end members secured together by means of transversely spaced bars, a number of scraper blades hingedly mounted on certain said bars and being positioned at an angle whereby pressure against the mixture will cause the free edges to yieldingly contact the wall of said chamber when said rotor is in operation, stops on said rotor adapted to hold said scraper blades in their angular position, one or bers will be yieldingly held against the wall of said chamber and be friction driven thereby.

13. A device of the class described, comprising a circular in cross. section container, a rotor rotatably mounted in said container, means for driving said rotor, said rotor having end members each having radially oppositely positioned wings and arms each pair of wings being secured together by means ci spaced bars, a number of scraper blades hingedly mounted on certain bars and being positioned whereby they yieldingly contact the wall of said container, and act to scrape loose and lift the mixture therefrom, beaters rotatably mounted on the ends of adjacent arms comprising circular end members secured together by spaced rods, said rods being secured to the end members near their peripheries, said beater mountings having means whereby said circular end members will be held in yielding contact against the wall of said container and be rotated by friction thereby.

14. A device of the `class described, comprising a circular in cross section chamber, a rotor rotatably mounted in said chamber, means for driving said rotor, rows of spaced scraper blades hingedly mounted on opposite sides of said rotor and being positioned in transverse staggered relation and adapted to scrape and lift the mixture from the wall of said chamber, beaters rotatably mounted on said rotor and between said rows of blades and Ahaving circular in cross section portions, said beater mounting adapted to Vcause said circular portions to yieldingly contact the wall of said chamber when said rotor is in motion to thereby drivejthe beaters by. frictional contact and causethem to turnin the opposite direction to lthel direction turnedby -said rotor. 15. A device of the class described, cornfp'rising an elongated circular in jcross section'chamber, an elongated mixer rotatably mounted` in said chamber, means for driving Lsaid mixer, said mixer having end members rigidly secured together by means of spaced members near the periphery therecf, one or more Scrapers mounted on certain said spaced members and adapted to scrape loose and lift the mixture a distance away from the wall of said chamber, one or more beaters rotatably mounted on said mixer comprising end members rigidly secured together byv av number of peripherally spaced rods, means vwhereby said beaters will be turned in the opposite direction to said mixer and whereby the leading rcds will cut outwardly through the lifted material and force it back against the wall of said chamber.

LOUIS A. M. PIJELMW.

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