US2237149A - Tabulating machine - Google Patents

Description

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April 1, 1941. u. M. w.- KOLM TABULATING MACHINE I Filed Jan. 5, 1935 15 Sheets-Sheet l4 LB 230 I 111 Lowm aims/1g; 7 I

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Patented Apr. '1, 1941 TABULATING MACHINE Ulrich M. W. Kiilm, Berlin, Germany, assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application January 5, 1935, Serial No. 539 In Germany January 39, 1934 11 Claims.

This invention relates to accounting machines vide a tabulating machine of improved selectivity of operation andof increased utility with a view to imparting additional operating features as wellas improvement in and increased efliciency and utility of the features previously found in such machines.

A more specific object of the invention is to provide a mechanical accounting system which is adapted for the solution of problems peculiar to banking institutions.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will be obvious from the following particular description of one form of mechanism embodying the invention or from an inspection of the accompanying drawings; and the invention also constitutes certain new and novel features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view of the entire machine showing the location of the various units;

Fig. 2 is a section of the. card feeding and analyzing mechanism showing the coupling connection therefor. The section is taken substantially along lines 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a detail in section taken substantially along lines 3-3 of Fig, 2;

Fig. 4 is a detail of a portion of the read-out mechanism of an accumulator;

Fig. 5 is a central section of an accumulator showing the type of read-out mechanism associated therewith;

Fig. 6 is an isometric view showing the socalled highest order carry mechanism whereby an entry of one may be made into the units order under control of the highest order;

Fig. '7 is a' central section of the printing nilechanism showing the driving instrumentalit es;

Fig. 8 is a detail of a so-called double step relay;

Fig. 9 is a further detail of the relay;

Fig. 10 is a view showing the arrangement of the plugboard of the machine through which the various cycles of operation are selectively controlled;

Figs. 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, and lie, taken together and placed one below the other in the order named, constitute a wiring diagram of the electric circuits of the machine;

Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the steps involved in carrying out a bank interest problem;

Fig. 13 is a portion of a diagram similar to that of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic showing of the manner in which the problem of Fig. 12 is carried out in the machine;

Fig. 15 is a portion of a further diagram similar to that of Fig. 12.

Fig. 16 is a timing diagram of the circuit closing devices.

In order that the detail description may be followed to better advantage, a general statement will be given herein of the operation of the specific embodiment of the invention shown and such will be described as being applied to a problem of a banking institution, but it is understood that the invention may with equal facility be used in many other commercial establishments and in many other relations.

It is the practice in certain banks to prepare a perforated record card for each transaction that takes place between the bank and a customer. Upon such record may be entered the 'customers account number, the date of the transaction, the amount, and an indication as to whether the transaction is to be credited or debited to the account. Such cards may be of the form shown in Fig. 14 which illustrates the well known Hollerith type and which usually has twelve index point positions. The nature of the transaction is indicated in the column designated K, a perforation in the II index point position indicating a credit card, and its absence denoting a debit card. The cards are arranged according to account number and date and at stated periods are run through the .usual Hollerith type printing tabulator to obtain a summation of the various accounts, which is usually the total amount booked in credit, the total amount booked in debit and the balance in debit or credit as the case may be. In the distribution of interest on these accounts, it has been the practice to obtain the balance for each day's transaction for each account and compute the day's interest thereon, adding the successive interest amounts to obtain the balance of interest payable at the end of the stated period.

In the present arrangement, provision is made to automatically accumulate the sum of all daily balances for the accounting period, which, upon multiplication by the interest rate per diem, will result in the amount of interest for the period.

The operation may best be explained in connection with a specific problem which may be that indicated in Fig. 12 of the drawings, which represents the operations performed in the machine for a group of cards relating to a single customer's account. In this figure, the vertical column labelled card" indicates the perforations made in the card to represent the transaction date and the amount. Thus, the first card represents a transaction 50 on the first. transaction 25 on the third, and one of 70 on the twentieth, A card representing the thirtieth or closing day of the accounting period is included in the group and this card need not necessarily represent any particular transaction. Its function is to cause the machine to compute the daily balances from the time of the last transaction to the closing day of the accounting period. A fifth card, representing a transaction of 70 and having a day indication of 3, follows the closing card of the account. This card represents transactions which are to be discounted in the calculation of the interest for the accounting period.

On the first line of Fig. 12, the amount 50 is a debit amount and in the operation of the machine, this amount is entered into the debit accumulator #1 and concurrently into the balance accumulator #3. The day number 1 is entered into section I of ACC#6 and at the same time the day number of the next following card, which is 3, is entered into the sectionII of ACC#6. These entries are indicated along the first line of Fig. 12. Further entries are now suspended and the machine performs a transfer cycle of operations to determine the daily balance.

During this cycle, the amount standing on ACC#2 is complementarily transferred to the balance accumulator #3 and since in this case there is no significant amount standing in ACC#2, the balance in ACC#3 remains 50. This method of balancing involves the transfer of the amount in ACC#2 as a nine complement to ACC#3 and the carry of 1" through the highest order of ACC#B to the unitsv position whenever the highest order passes from nine to zero. The machine now enters upon a succession of transfer cycles of operation, the number of which is determined by the difference between the day numbers of the first and second cards. During these transfer cycles, the balance standing in ACC#3 is repeatedly transferred to either ACC#4 or ACC#S. If the balance is a debit balance, the amount is transferred to the debit'interest ACC#4. If the amount represents a credit balance, the transfer is made to ACC#5. Thus, the balance of 50 is transferred twice to ACC#4 and during each transfer cycle, a 1"is entered into section I of ACC#6, and after two such transfer cycles, the section I of ACC#6 will contain 3, which by comparison with the 3 standing in section II, will cause the termination of the transfer operations and the amounts standing in the several accumulators will be as represented on line M0. The machine then performs a total taking cycle of operations during which ACC#l, 2 and 6 are zeroized. The figures in dotted outline in Fig. 12 along line in represent the amounts standing in the accumulators bei'orethey are zeroized.

The second record card contains a credit entry of 25 which is entered in ACC#2 while the day number 3 is entered in sectionI of ACC#6 and at the same time the day number of the following card is entered into section II.

During the following balancing transfer cycle, the complement of the credit amount is entered in ACC#B, resulting in a balance of 25 for the third day. Since there are no transactions for the last, at which time the amounts in sections I and II are in agreement and further transferring is interrupted. Line 3H represents the setting of the accumulators at-this time. A total taking cycle again clears ACC#I, 2 and 6.

The credit transaction of 70 on the twentieth day, when transferred in complementary form to the balance accumulator, results in a credit balance expressed as a complement. During the following transfer cycle, this complementary number is inverted and entered as a true number 450 into the credit interest accumulator-#5. The balance is 45 but this is entered as 450 since there are no further transactions between the twentieth and thirtieth days and the balance of 45 does not change for the ten days constituting this interval. Thus, at the end of the accounting period, the amounts standing on the accumulators are as represented on line 3i! where 525 is the debit interest figure and 450 is the credit interest figure, each of which, when multiplied by the interest rate per diem, will give the respective amounts of interest.

Where a record card representing an additional transaction beyond the accounting period occurs, the eiIect is to reduce the debit or credit interest figures. Thus, in the example of Fig. 12, a record card containing a credit amount of 70 and a day number of 3, has its day number entered in section II of ACC#6 while the entry of the day number 30 of the preceding card is suppressed and no entry is made in section I of ACC#6. The balancing cycle again takes place, during which, since no amount is entered from the card of the thirtieth day the balance of 45 is repeatedly entered into ACC#5 resulting in a credit interest figure of 585 as depicted on line M3. The credit amount 70 is now entered in ACC#2 and the day 3 in section I of ACC#6 and balancing again occurs resulting in a credit balance in ACC#3 of 115 which is expressed as a nines complement. This amount is now transferred a number of times equal to the day number, that is, 3, to the credit interest accumulator #5, as a complementary number, the resulting entry being of the tens complement. Following the three transfer cycles, the amounts standing on the accumulators will be as represented on line 3 wherein the credit interest figure has been reduced from 450 to 240 as a result of the last I transaction.

It will be appreciated in the foregoing operations that the original credit interest figure of 450 has been increased by 3 times 45 as on line 4H and is then decreased by 3 times giving a final figure of 240, line 3, which is the original figure 450-minus 3 times 70.

i Fig. 13 shows the manner in which the debit interest figure 525 is reduced in response to a transaction card following the closing card in which the amount involved is a debit amount. In this case, the balance resulting in ACC# 3 is a credit balance of 45 and for the three transfer cycles following the balancing operation, the

credit balance is transferred in the form of a complement to the credit interest accumulator #5. Following this and after the amount 70 has 9 thereof.

been entered in ACC#3, the resulting balance of 24 is repeatedly entered in complementary form in ACC#4. This has the effect of repeatedly subtracting the balance of 24 so that the final interest figure is 453 representing the original debit balance of 525 minus 3 times the amount 24. Fig. shows the manner in which a debit interest figure 1215 is reduced in response to a transaction card following the closing card in which the amount involved is a debit amount and the daily balance in ACC#3 is a debit balance of 100. In this case, the day number of the card following the closing card is 13 and during the transfer cycles following, the debit balance of 100 is transferred as a true number to ACC#4 to increase the amount therein by 13 times 100. Following this and after the amount 50 has been entered in ACC#3 the resulting balance of 150 is repeatedly entered in complementary form in ACC#4. This has the effect of repeatedly subtracting the balance of 150 so that the final interest figure is 565 representing the original debit balance of 1215 minus 13 times the amount 50.

General description The separate units of the machine will first be described in suflicient detail for an understanding of their construction and their manner of operation. Following this, the circuit diagram will be explained and the complete operation of the entire machine set forth.

The mechanical structure of the machine is substantially similar to that shown in Patent No. 1,976,617 to C. D. Lake and G. F. Daly, granted October 9, 1934. In this patent (Figs. 2 and 3) is shown the usual card feeding, sensing and stacking mechanism and drive therefor which has been modified as shown in Fig. 2 of the present application to provide for declutching of the card feeding mechanism from the main drive. Fig. 4 of the patent shows the usual accumulating mechanism including direct subtraction devices which are not employed in the present machine and need not be used in the patent if so desired. The patent differs in the design of the well known readout device of the accumulator and the present design is as shown in Fig. 5 of the application. Also, the usual elusive one devices of the patent (Fig. 5 thereof) are modified as in Fig. 6 of this application for less flexibility of operation than in the patent. Fig. '7 of the patent shows the accumulator drive and. reset gearing and Fig. 8 shows the well known zero button magnet used for selective reset of the accumulator. Fig. 23 of the patent shows the main clutch of the machine and its operating magnet while Fig. 9 shows the reset clutch and its operating magnet and associated mechanisms together with the reset motor. Figs. 10, 11 and 12 of the patent show the printing mechanism and its controls which are also shown in Fig. 7 herein, wherein many of the parts are of different design but perform the same functions as similar parts in the patent. Fig. 1 of the patent shows the general arrangement of the machine and corresponds to Fig. 1 herein with the card feeding mechanism at one end, the printing mechanism at the other and the accumulators in between. For greater accumulator capacity in the present case, three additional accumulators are provided which are mounted above the five usual accumulatorsv and driven in the same manner through well-known intermediate gearing such as shown in the patent to Lake and Storey No. 1,775,132 in Figs. 5 and The mechanical structure of the present machine is furthermore exactly the same as that of the machine of my Patent ,'No. 2,131,226, grantedSeptember 27, 1938, which is known as the Hollerith Tabulating Machine Type BK manufactured by the Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft m. b. H. of Berlin, Germany. The present invention is directed to improvements in the electrical controls of such machine and an understanding thereof requires a knowledge of said commercial machine and its manner of operation. Only suilicient structure will therefore be herein described to point out wherein departure has been made from previous arrangements.

The main operating circuits and electrical wiring arrangement are substantially the same as disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 729,385, filed June 7, 1934, now Patent No. 2,131,226, granted Sept. 27, 1938, and the operating circuits in 'the present case will therefore be described in only so much detail as is necessary for an understanding of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. -1, the machine comprises, generally, a card feeding and analyzing section at the left end thereof which feeds the record cards to the analyzing devices Where they are sensed by the analyzing mechanism. The accumulating mechanism is located in the center of the machine and comprises eight accumulators.

A clutching mechanism is provided intermediate the card feeding and accumulating sections whereby the two may be disconnected so that the accumulators may be operated without accompanying functioning of the card feeding devices.

The printing mechanism is located at the right end of the machine and includes seven so-called banks of printing type bars. Below the accumulators is the plugboard of the machine by means of which the various units may be coordinated to produce the desired result in the form of a printed record. The tabulating motor, indicated at TM, serves to drive the card feeding devices, the accumulators, and. the printing mechanism through suitable controlling mechanism, which will be described hereinafter.

Card feeding mechanism The card feeding mechanism and its de-clutching device are shown in Figs. 2 and 3 where the pulley l0, driven from motor TM, has driving connection with shaft II, which, through gears l2, drives a shaft l3. The latter in turn, through gears l4, drives the accumulator drive shaft Hi. The usual clutch connection is provided between pulley Ill and shaft II, which clutch connection is controlled by a clutch magnet 99 shown in the circuit diagram Fig. 11. The mechanical structure of this clutch is as shown in Fig. 23 of Patent No. 1,976,617.

This shaft 15 is in constant rotation as long as shaft II is driven by the motor. One of the gears I4 engages a gear i6 (Fig. 3) to which is secured a clutch driving element l1. Adapted to cooperate with element I! is a spring-pressed dog l8 carried by a member I9 integral with a gear 20, which latter has connection to the usual train of gears which serve to convey the record cards through the analyzing devices. The dog I8 is normally held out of engagement with element H by a clutch releasing arm 2|, which, upon energization of a magnet 22, is rocked in a clockwise direction to release dog ill for engagement with element I! so that the card feeding mechanism may operate. During its operation, the

Accumulators As the perforated cards pass the lower brushes LB perforations in their index points permit instantaneous closure of circuits through the proper lower analyzing brushes LB to energize accumulator magnets 25 (Fig. 5). As usual, the timed energizations of these magnets control mechanism for entering the data corresponding to the card reading on the wheels 26.

The wheels 26 are driven from a clutch shaft 21 to which a gear 26 is coupled upon energization of magnet 25. Gear 26 has driving connection with wheel 26 through a gear 29 fast upon the wheel. Gear 26 also drives a gear 36 upon which is mounted a yoke 3| (see also Fig. 4). Slidably mounted on the yoke is a pair of contact plungers 32 urged outwardly by a looped leaf spring 33. One of the plungers 32 cooperates with an arcuate conductor 34 while the other plunger cooperates with a plurality of segments 35 which correspond in number and position to the several digit indicating positions of the wheel 26; The relationship between the several parts is such that the contact plungers 32 are angularly displaced according to the reading on the accumulator wheel. Thus, when the wheel is set to represent 5, one of the plungers 32 will be in contact with the 5 segment 35 and the other plunger will be in contact with the conductor 34. Each group of segments 35 corresponding to the same digit constitutes a common bar of conducting material mounted at its ends upon a suitable insulating block\36.

Associated with each accumulator wheel is the usual carry lever 31 (Fig. 5) which controls carryingfrom its order to the next higher. As any wheel passes from 9 to its lever 31 is rocked slightly clockwise and thereby conditions the next higher order to receive an additional unit during the carrying period of the machine cycle.

Highest order curry mechanism-In Fig. 6 there is shown mechanism for connecting the highest order carry lever 31 with the'lowest or units order carry lever in such manner that when the highest order wheel 26 passes from 9" to 0, the lowest order lever 31 will be rocked slightly clockwise and an additional unit will consequently-be entered into such order.

This mechanism comprises a lever 38 having an adjustable arm 39 at one end disposed in the path of the highest order lever 31. The opposite end of lever 38 has connection with an arm of a member 40, the other of whose arms engages an angle 4| secured to the units carry lever 31 so that as the arm 39 moves downwardly the angle 4| will be moved in the same direction to also draw the units lever 31 down. This carry lever controlling mechanism is contained in each of the eight accumulators and functions during subtracting operations of the machine as will be further explained hereinafter. Tripping of the highest order lever 31 when the .wheel 26 passes from 9" to "0" will release its associated latch 31:: so that the latter may rock in a clockwise direction and cause closure of a pair of con- Printing mechanism The printing mechanism is shown in Fig. I and is similar to that shown in the lake and Daly patent mentioned above. The type bar 42 is positioned relatively to the platen 43 to bring the proper type 44 intoprinting position opposite the platen. The total shaft 46 driven bythe reset motor RM is provided with a cam 46 cooperating with a roller 41 carried on arm 46 which is freely rotatable on shaft 46. As the cam rotates, arm 48 rocks clockwise and a lug 56 on arm 46 cooperating with a double-armed member 6| fixed to shaft 49 also rocks the member clockwise. Arm 52 secured to shaft 43 is linked to printing crosshead 53 which serves to raise the type bars 42 in synchronism with the total taking operation so that the type 44 successively pass printing position opposite the platen.

Owing to spring operated scissors connections 54, however, the type bars 42 may be arrested at any printing position without interfering with the upward movement of the crosshead 53. The type bars are arrested under control of the printing magnets 55. When any such magnet is energized it attracts its armature 56 and pulls a call wire 51 toward the right thereby releasing a latch member 58 normally holding a stop pawl 56. When the pawl 59 is so released, it is spring operated to engage ratchet teeth 60 formed on the type bar 42 to prevent further upward movement of the bar and thus hold a particular type 44 in printing position.

During listing operations, shaft 43 is rocked to reciprocate printing crosshead 53 under control of listing cam 6| carried by list shaft 62 which is operated from the motor TM through shaft I! (Fig. 2) in the usual maner during listing and H card feeding operations.

Cam 6| is provided with a cam slot which cooperates with follower roller 66 carried by an arm 64 loosely mounted on shaft 43. A lug 66 on arm 64 cooperates with double-armed member to rock shaft 49. The configuration of the cam groove is such that the type bars are elevated and the type 44 move past printing position in synchronism with the passage of the corresponding index point positions in the record cards past the analyzing brushes. Cam 6| is freely mounted on shaft 62 and may be coupled thereto under control of a magnet 66 which, upon energization, will rock its armature 61 which in turn through an extension 68 will rock an arm 66 carried by a rod 10. Rod also carries an arm 1| whose free end is adapted to engage the pin 12 in clutch releasing arm 13 which normally engages a spring-pressed dog 14 integral with the cam 6|.

Rocking of arm 13 under the influence of magnet 66 will free dog 14 for engagement with clutch driving element secured upon shaft 62 so that the cam 6| will move with the shaft. Magnet 66 is energized whenever listing operations are to be performed. The cam 6| is adapted to cooperate with a roller 16 in an arm 11 which is freely mounted on the supporting rod of arm 13 and will rock the arm clockwise to cause opening of a pair of contacts 18 whose function will be explained in connection with the circuitdiagram.

The adding and printing mechanisms just de- The cams for operating contacts P and SP are scribed are well known in the art and only sufiicient thereof has been explained for an understanding of the present invention.

Double step relay A double step relay is illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 whose function is to control the reading out circuits of the accumulator for balance printing when subtracting operations are being performed. The relay. comprises a magnet 19, which, upon energization, will rock its armature 80 secured to a pivoted rod 8|. Rod 8| also carries an arm 82 at the free end of which is pivoted a pawl 83 spring-pressed into engagement with a ratchet 84 which has ten teeth. A spring-pressed pivoted member 85 serves as a detent to hold ratchet 84 in position. Rocking of rod 8| will elevate pawl 83 and upon deenergization of magnet I9, spring 82a will return member 84 to advance ratchet 84 one tooth. The ratchet is secured upon a rod 86 which has secured thereto a cam 81 of pentagonal outline. Cooperating with cam 81 are contacts 19c and 19b which are adapted to open and close respectively when the high points of the cam lie directly above rod 88.

Since ratchet 84 has ten teeth and cam 81 has five low points and five high points; it is obvious that a single operation of magnet 19 will open contacts 19c and close contacts 19b and a second energiza-tion will permit them to resume the position they occupy in Fig. 9. The function of contacts 19c and 19b will be more fully explained in connection with the circuit diagram.

Wiring diagramoperating circuits The various mechanical devices employed in the present invention have now been explained to show their manner of operation. The wiring diagram, which is about to be explained, will serve to show how the several elements are coordinated in the operation of the machine and it will be pointed out in connection with this explanation how various relationships may be obtained through the use of the plugboard of Fig. 10. The electric circuits are shown in Figs. 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, and Me, which, taken together and placed one below the other in the order named, constitute a complete wiring diagram of the electric circuits of the machine.

In the circuit diagram relay magnets and their associated Contacts have generally been shown in close proximity to one another and the related contacts have been designated with the same reference numeral as the controlling magnet with a lower case letter suifixed thereto. In certain instances, where it would add to the complexity of the circuit connections to show the relay magnets and their contacts together, the magnet has been shown in dotted outline adjacent to the contacts which it controls.

The various cam controlled contacts, as shown on the drawings. are suitably labelled to indicate the'units with which they are associated. Thus, cam contacts prefixed T are those which operate when the card feeding mechanism functions and their location is indicated in Fig. 2 where contacts TH are shown. Contacts prefixed L and "ZL" function when the tabulatingand listing mechanisms operate (i. e. whenever the motor TM is in operation) and those which operate only during total taking operations are refixed with the letter "P or SP." The cams for operating contacts L and ZL are driven in the usual manner and are mounted on a shaft corresponding to shaft -29l in Fig. 7'of PatentNo. 1,976,617.

also driven in the usual manner and are mounted on a shaft corresponding to I in Fig. 15 of Patent No. 1,976,617 which is shaft 45 in the present application.

In order to facilitate the location of the various electrical devices on the circuit diagram, vertical broken lines are drawn at the sides thereof with spaced graduations, the spaces between which are serially numbered. In the following description the various elements will be located with reference to these numerals. For example, a cam con-tact, such as Pl, will be designated as being located at (L3) on the circuit diagram.

The designation. L3 is interpreted as left of section 3. Elements in the center of the drawing will be designated as C for center followed by the appropriate numeral, and elements at the right will be designated as R.

Figs. 11, 11a, 11b, 11c and 11d of the wiring diagram correspond substantially to the similarly identified figures in my Patent No. 2,131,226, and in order that cross referencing may be facilitated the same reference characters are herein employed so that, where parts of the circuit shown are not specifically described and are not directly involved in an understanding of the invention, an explanation of their operation may nevertheless be readily had. Fig. 112 of the diagram shows the electrical devices which are employed to effect a modification of the circuits of the prior machine, and the manner in which this is done will be set forth more particularly hereinafter.

Initial resetting circuit.As is customary in tabulating machines of this type, an initial resetting cycle of operation is usually performed to insure that all accumulators are zeroized and to prepare the usual automatic group control mechanism for proper functioning. Referring now to Fig. 11, after the main line switch has been closed, current will be supplied to left side of line 90 and right side of line 9|. Depression of the reset key at this time will close contacts 92 (C5) to establish a circuit traceable as follows: from left side of line 90, cam contacts L5 (L1), contacts P3. reset clutch magnet 93, relay magnet 94, relay cont-acts 95d, reset key contacts 92, switch S2217, switch S30, switches SI8a, S2011, contacts 91a, to line 9|.

The relay 94 closes its contacts 94a (C1) to complete the circuit through the reset motor RM. This circuit follows from line 90, contacts L5, motor RM, contacts 94a, to line 9|, and the total shaft 45 (Fig. 7) consequently commences rotation during which cam contacts P4 (R1) are closed to short circuit the contacts 94a and maintain the motor circuit throughout the cycle.

During the cycle contacts P3 (L1) open to interrupt the reset clutch circuit. Also during this cycle the operation of cam contacts P5, P6 and P1 (Ll ll2) sets up the automatic control circuits which will be more fully explained later under the heading Control setup circuits. The setting up of those circuits will effect energization of the so-called motor control relay magnet 81 (LI2) to cause opening of contacts 91a (R4) and closure of contacts 911). These contacts will thereafter remain in their shifted position until the group control mechanism detects a change in group control designations on successively analyzed record cards.

The machine may now commence card feeding operations and these may be initiated by depressing the start key to close contacts 98 (C3) whereupon a circuit will be completed as follows: from

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