US2236303A - Photographic printer for restitutional, enlarging, and other purposes - Google Patents

Description

March 25, 1941. R SKINN R 2,236,303

PH OTOGRAPHIC PRINTER FOR RESTITUTIONAL, ENLARGING, AND OTHER PURPOSES Filed Nov.- 25, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet l as 3 93 4a e a 99 6e 53 ei 5H t I I In E 55 I a 94 67 M55 5;

43 m3 59 ,7 4/ 95 e o a 42 H 50, {a 66 5 66 6/ 59 9 i 82 l 45 g; 90 47 '11 48 a7 90 M Q l I 2 2 1 aga 0 Q0 E 3 INVENTORS 62 69625 March 25, 1941. R, S I N R 2,226,303

PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTER FOR RESTITUTIONAL, ENLARGING, AND OTHER PURPOSES Filed Nov. 25, 1959 3 SheetsSheet 5 E .a 4/ W ml im' E i! 60 a: I 88 6s s7 Z8; H

""Illllllllllllll r44: #3 90 ml 49 *Z/ezkATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 25, 1941 PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTER, FOR. RESTITU- TIONAL, ENLARGING, AND OTHER, PUR- POSES Clifton R. Skinner and Frederick P. Wilicox, San

Francisco, Caliifi, assignors to The Folmer Gratlex Corporation, Rochester, N. Y., acorporation' of Delaware Application November 25, 1939, Serial No. 306,042

24 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in projection printers for photographic purposes, which may be used in so-called restitutional work to make enlargements or reductions, or prints '5 identical in size with the negatives, or which may be used for making photographic prints without restitution or distortion.

In order that the principle of the invention may be readily understood, we have disclosed a single embodiment thereof in the accompanying drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the enlarger or printer with the enlarging head moved all the way to the top of its supporting structure and exemplifying the snubbing action of the counter.- weight; a

Fig. la. is a small detail in cross section On the line la-la of Fig. 1;

Fig, 2 is an enlarged side elevation of the upper part of Fig. 1, more clearly showing the means employed for tilting the negative carrier, but with the extreme upper part broken away;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the enlarger head filth the negative carrier shown in vertical sec- Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the enlarger with the lamp house and negative supporting means shown in vertical section;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken through Fig. 3 on the line 5-5 of that figure;

Fig. 6 is a top plan view of one of the negative holders of the printer or enlarger;

Fig. '7 is a vertical section taken through Fig. 6 on the irregular line of that figure;

Fig. 8 is anenlarged front elevation of the enlarger head showing part of the lamp house broken away and alsoshowing the lower negative platen open;

Fig. 91s a side elevation of Fig. 8, showing the focusing mechanism in vertical section;

Fig. 10 is a vertical section taken through Fig. 9 on the line Ill-l6 thereof, showing the mean for adjusting the gimbal-llke mount;

Fig. 11 is a detail in front elevation showing the restitutional adjustment means when tilted sideways;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged detail of the gimbal-like mount of the printer or enlarger; and

Fig. 13 is a plan view of the upper platen of the printer or enlarger.

It is an important purpose of our invention to provide a photographic printer that may be used as an enlarger or otherwise. and that is easy to operate, has great rigidity of parts andis relatively simple in construction. Among other important objects of the invention is the provision of a printer, whether for enlarging or for reducing, that is provided with means to adjust readily the plane of the negative with respect to the oblective lens, for the purpose of correcting distortion that may exist in the negative or for the purpose of creating distortion, Other important objects of the invention will appear in the detailed description of the selected embodiment of the invention to which, however, our invention is in no wise restricted, the scope thereof appearing from the subjoined claims.

Referring more particularly to the drawings of said selected embodiment, and first to Figs. 1 and 1a, the supporting base or paper board is represented at 20, it having attached thereto a casting2l held to the paper board or base 20 by means of a hand wheel 22 that is threaded on a stud 23 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1. The said stud 23 is in turn held to the base or paper board 20 by a disk 24 that is riveted to the stud 23. The entire assembly is held to the paper board 20 by means of screws 25.

Into the casting 2! are fitted two vertical rod 26, one of which is shown in side elevation in Fig. 1, and both of which are shown in horizontal section in Fig. 1a. A third rod 21 is also fitted into the casting 2| and is supported at a slight angle with respect to the two vertical rods 26, 26. The said three rods 26, 26, 21, are joined into a second or upper casting 28 and are held thereto by nuts 29, thus making a very rigid tripod structure. The said casting 28 has two upwardly extending arms 30, 30 between which is placed a pulley 3| having a pivot 32. Slidingly mounted on the slightly inclined rod 21 is a counterweight 33 having a cable 34 of suitable material which passes over the said pulley 3| and is attached to the lamp-house bracket or arm 36 by means of a clevis. Mounted for sliding movement upon the said rods 26, 26 is a casting 31 having four bosses (not shown). The saidlamp-house bracket or arm 35 is secured to the casting 31 by means of screws 38 and a clamp screw 39 is provided for securing said casting in any position of vertical adjustment on the said rods 26, 26.

The upper end of the lamp-house bracket or arm 35 is provided with a pad or boss 40 to which is attached the lower section H of the lamp house A by means of screws 42, 42. The said lower section 4| is of inverted truncated conical form for reasons which will be set forth fully hereafter. The upper section 43 of the lamp house A is also of truncated but upright conical form for reasons which i be set forth hereinafter and is desirably of greater vertical extent than the lower section ill of the said lamp house. The two sections or portions 39 and .13

' of the lamp house A are attached together by means of a suitable number of circumferentially arranged screws dd. The structure of their house will be more fully described hereinafter.

Also supported on the upper end of the lamphouse bracket or arm 35 is a downward extension or member 65, best shown in Figs; 2, 3 and 9, to which is attached a rod it having a focusing member ti sliding thereon and secured in any position of vertical adjustment by a knob 38. To the said member ti is attached a lens support member 69 by means of several screws tea, one of which is shown in Fig. 2. To the said bracket or arm 35 is also attached a yoke 5b to which is secured the upper negative platen bi by means of two oppositely positioned shoulder screws 52, best shown in their relative positions in Figs. 4, 8 and 11.

As. best shown in Figs. 2, 3, e, etc, the lower section ti of the lamp house A has a downwardly extending cylindrical portion 53. The said yoke 50 is provided with a pad or boss be held to the' said member 35 of the bracket or arm 53% by means of a screw 55. The yoke 5t supports the said upper negative platen bi by means of the said shoulder screws 52. Other features of said yoke 50 will be later described.

The upper negative platen structure El is shown in detail in Fig. 13, and is there represented as provided with a cylindrical extension or member 5t upstanding from a flat rectangular portion bl having a central opening b8 and a latch 59 that is carried by bosses 6t, tit and a rivet pin 6 i. The said latch ht is held in latched position by means of a spring t2 that is shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 9.

The said yoke 56, as shown in Figs. 9 to it, is provided with an upstanding boss 38. The upper platen cylindrical extension be is provided with a laterally extending boss dd shown in Fig. 9. Threaded into the said boss 68 is a short horizontal threaded shaft or rod 6E having an operating knob 56 provided with a suitable holding notch er.

Also attached to the said boss $8 is a spr member as, shown in Figs. 9 and 12, as held to the boss 63 by means of screws to, 89. The said yoke do has an upwardly extending mer or part it that is best shown in Fig. 12. eflsaid upper negative platen structure Eli is provided with a boss ii that is best shown in Fig. 13, and is also shown in partial section in Fig. lb. The

' adjusting knob t5 be turned in a clockwise direc upper platen 5i, thus causing the said cyli'ndrical extension member 5a to be rocked about its axis on the two opposite screws 52 of the yoke 5t, thus tensioning the spring it. If the said knob 66 be turned in a contraclockwise direction, thus causing the said shaft @6 to be ret: ited from the boss at of the said cylindrical aaaaaoa Preferably in this manner, means is provided to control readily the tilt of theupper negative platen structure 58 in what may be termed a fore and aft direction, or which is more precisely defined as a rocking motion about one horizontal axis which, in this embodiment of the invention, is provided by the opposite screws 52. If desired, the shaft or rod 65) may be provided with a multiple lead thread, so that one turn of the knob 3% will advance the said shaft or rod 65 sufilclently far to obtain all the tilt that is desired of the said upper negative platen structure 5!. In order to provide ready means for determining when the said platen structure bi is in a. truly horizontal position, the no 8? h provided in the lmob at, to be engaged by has spring dd when.

the knob it is in such hon as will insure the horizontal position of the said upper platen structure 5i.

As shown in Fig. i when taken with Fig. 12,

tending member 55 of the bracket or arm 85.

The said shoulder screw 55 is also provided with a washer eat furnishing additional support for the yoke so.

Referring particularly to Figs. 10, 11 and 12,

the bossv 5 3 h provided, as shown in Fig. 10, with an a it having a pints. The member 65 of the in house bracket. or arm is also provided th a boss til, shown in Fig. 10, into which is (a shaft ea savin a more as. also attached to boss 8b is a fiat spring 83' by me of screws it, 86. The boss dd is provided with a pin as. Attached to the pin is of said arm E8 and to the pin of the so is a coiled spring 86, causing the said arm '38 to remain in contact with the end. of the right nd threaded shaft 88. When the knob 82 is turned in a clockwise direction, the arm it, hub 15% and yoke 5d are. caused to swing in a clockwise direction around the screw lit, at the same time putting tension on the spring as. n the mob 822 is turned in a contraclockwise direction, thus wit-Indra the threaded shaft 69 from the face of the arm it), the said spring 88 causes the yoke at to M in a contraclockwise direction. since the upper platen til is attached to the yoke E59, said upper platen til is caused to swing in a like manner. In this manner, the position oi the mid upper platen h usted at right angles to the s it previously described in connection with the mob $6 in a lateral direction.

It thus clearly be seen that we have provided means for adjusting the negative support= ing platen in any direction with respect to; the vertical axis oi the lenathus providing means for correcting distortion that may be in the negative, means being also thus provided for causing a distortion which may be required in special work. Hinged to the upper platen is a lower platen member by means of hinges 8d, 839, as

shown in Figs. 9 and 13. The said lower platen 871' is held in a closed position, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 11 by means of the latch to. Attached to the said lower platen member 87] and to the lens east to is a bellows 89. learn support 49 is provided with means for attaching the lens 90 in a manner not needing detailed description.

The lamp house A, the two sections 4|, 43 whereof have been briefly referred to, are so constructed as to dissipate rapidly the heat that is radiated by the light source herein indicatedas an electric lamp or bulb 9| of suitable power. As already stated, the said lamp house A consists of the lower inverted truncated conical section 4| having integral therewith the downwardly extending cylindrical part 53 and the upper trun-' cated conical section 43. The said cylindrical member 53, which we term a light-condenser cylinder and which supports light modifying means, has an upwardly extending portion 92 that is of sufiicient vertical extent to prevent direct rays of light from the electric lamp 9| from reaching ventilating holes 93 provided at preferably numerous points circumferentially distributed at or near the base of the section 4|. The upper section 43 is provided with a relatively large number of vertical heat radiating ribs or fins 90, and the lower section '45 of the lamp house A is also provided with a corresponding number of heat radiating ribs or fins 95. The said upper section 49 of the lamp house A is provided with a flat top 96 having a series of circularly arranged ventilating holes 91 sufiicient for the purpose. A boss 98 extends upwardly from the said flat top 96 of the upper section 43, and has a central hole through which passes a lamp supporting tube 99 that is held in place by means of a locking screw I00, whereby the vertical position of the light 9| may be very accurately adjusted.

To the lower end of the tube 99 is attached a socket IOI of well known structure, for the said electric light bulb or light 9|. To the said lamp socket I 0| is attached a heat radiating baffle plate I02, which serves also to prevent direct rays of light emanating from the lamp 9| from passing through the ventilating holes 91. A very important purpose of the said baflle plate is to radiate heat away from the said lamp socket IOI. An electric conducting wire I03 passes through the tube 99 and is suitably connected with the socket IN, and, as stated, the structure provides means for readily positioning the electric lamp 9| at the desired point of vertical adjustment.

The lower end of the cylindrical portion 59 of the lower section 4| of the lamp house A, as best shown in Figs. 3 and 4, is provided with a lip I04 for supporting the lower condenser lens I05 of the light modifying means. There is also provided above the condenser lens I05 a spacing cylinder I06 above which is fitted the upper condenser lens I01 that is held in place by a snap ring I08. The said two condenser lenses I05, I01, constituting the light modifying means, are thus positioned beneath the cylindrical portion or member 92 in this preferred embodiment of the invention.

It will be evident from the illustration and foregoing description that the lamp house A does not contact with the upper negative platen structure 5|, and that therefore there is no direct path of heat conduction between the said lamp house A and the said negative platen structure. This fact is ofpeculiar advantage when working with photographic films, since it is well known that if the heat be excessive the film will be to the generation of a very considerable degree of heat from a lamp that gives sufficient illumination to provide rather short exposures on certain types of photographic paper. We have been enabled to overcome the difliculty referred to by passing into the upwardly and inwardly tapering section 43 of the lamp house A to the quite nar row top 96, where it escapes through the holes 91. The air is thus heated more rapidly at the upper end of the said lamp house A, and thereby its velocity of movement is increased in an upward direction. This actually creates a very distinct and considerable upward current of air through the holes 93, around the lamp 9|, around the baffle plate WI and out through the holes 91, as indicated by the said arrows on Fig. 4.

The upright walls of the lamp house A also absorb considerable heat from the lamp 9|, and that heat is in turn radiated away from the walls ofthe lamp house by the ribs or fins 94 and 95, as diagrammatically indicated by the arrows on Fig. 4. Thus, we are enabled by the present invention to use light of much more intensity than could be used in photographic printers heretofore constructed so far as we are aware.

The space provided between the downwardly extending cylindrical portion or member 53, wherein are supported the condenser lenses I05, I01, and the upwardly extending cylindrical member 56 of the upper platen structure 5|, which space is clearly indicated in Figs. 3 and 4, is for the purpose of permitting the said cylindrical member 56 to be tilted in any direction for the purpose stated.

In using a photographic printer, whether it be for enlarging or for other photographic purposes. it is necessary that means be provided to adjust the objective lens with respect to the negatives wherefrom prints are to be made. This is provided for in the disclosed construction because of the fact that the objective lens is mounted on the rod 46 constituting a lens carrier, which rod is in turn attached to the focusing member 41 by means of the screws 49a. The said focusing member 41 is thus movable in a vertical direction on the lens carrier rod 46 by means of the focusing knob 48, shown in side and in end elevations in Figs. 3 and 4, and the detailed structure of which is shown in vertical section in Fig. 9.

As shown in the latter figure, the lower end of the lens carrier rod 46 is represented in vertical section and is there shown as having a vertically extending key-way I09 in which rides a disk IIO. In practice the side walls of the said key-way have a slight taper toward each other and the focusing disk II 0 has a corresponding taper. The said disk H0 is attached to a very short shaft III and is held in contact with the lens carrier rod 46 by means of a spring II 2 bearing upon the said short shaft II I, the latter being integral with the focusing knob 48. The spring H2 is attached to the focusing member 41 by means of screws H3, H3.

If the focusing knob 48 is turned, the shaft I I I and the focusing disk IIO will also be caused to turn. Since the said focusing disk IIO rides in the key-way I09, the walls of which are provided with tapered sides and the disk IIO being also provided with tapered sides that fit into the said key-way I09, any movement .of the disk IIO will cause the focusing member 41 to be'moved along the lens carrierrod (it, It is notedthat the said rod ld is represented as broken away at its lower endiniFigs; 2, 3, 4 and 9, but it is shown complete in Fig. l. The length of the said lens carrier rod Ed is such as to permit all necessary focusing adjustment oi the objective lens as with respect to .the base or paper support lit. The said lens carrier rod .lt itself is, as already stated, fixedly connected to the bracket or arm 85 and so moves up or down therewith as the counterweight 38 is moved along the slightly inclined rod ll. It the counterweight 33 is elevated to or substantially to the upper end of the said rod 2'8, the lamp house A and the supporting parts are correspond- ,ingly'lowered.

It is evident that the size of the print with relation to that of the negative is determined by the focal length of the objective lens on and the distance or that lens from the paper upon the base or support it. Thus, the print may be .an enlargement or a reduction or of the same ssize as the negative.

' further clamping of any kind.

When the focusing position is once found, the focusing member 61? remains in that position. Attached to the said member is a filter holder lid, best shown in Fig, 4. It is held fast to the focusing member ill by means of a shoulder screw M5, shown in section in Fig. 9. The said filter holder lid is provided with a laterally extending end lid that contacts with the lower end of the said focusing member dl when the said filter holder lid is swung into position directly under theobjectivelens so. The said filter holder Mil may be of any well known construction carrying, if desired, a single filter for use in focusing the lens, or it may carry a set of three filters for use in making three-color separations.

In Figs. 5 and 6,,there is shown in detail the construction of the negative carrier. This is made up of an upper member ill and a lower member lit together provided with an opening its centrally positioned. There are also preferably. provided notches I20 in the upper member of the carrier and notches i2i in the lower member of the said carrier, said latter notches being indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 6. Hire said notches are provided in order to facilitate the separation of the said two members iifl, lid. In the said lower member lit, there are preferably provided a series of fourpins 022, 522 for the purpose of positioning the negative in the negative carrier composed of the said two members. In the said lower member lid, of the negative carrier, are preferably provided additional pinsor dowels i2i, B23, the purpose whereof is to secure the proper location of the negative carrier on the lower platen 8'8 in suitable holes (not shown).

In Figs. 8-and 9, the lower-platen 3T1, hinged at 88, and the negative carrier Ht, 898 are shown in place. The disclosed construction is such as to permit any dust or dirt that may be on the negative to be readily brushed off when the nega= sponsor tive is in position. By swinging the lower platen it? upwardly, the said lower platen is engaged by the platen latch 5d, thus holding the negative carrier lid, its in proper position, as best shown in Figs. 2, 3 and d. It will be observed that the bellows tie is at all times supported at its lower end by and upon the lens support proper it. The construction is such as to permitthe platen latch 59 to be disengaged and the bellows moved into the position shown in Fig. 9, for the purpose stated, but without disturbing the focusing adjustment.

In order to remove the negative, it is merely necessary to release the latch 59, whereupon the lower platen d? can be swung downwardlyv and the negative carrier ill, lid will thus be removed from the said lower platen dl. In some cases it may not be desirable to provide the negative carrier with the locating dowels or pins E23, 623, and in such case the negative carrier plates ill, lid may be moved around into any desired position on the lower platen @l, thus allowing a difierent portion of the negative to be centered over the lens 9b.

The said negative carrier, made up in the present embodiment of the invention of the plates ill, lid, may be provided with difi'erent openings its, in order to accommodate different negative sizes, and the said plates ii'l, lit, which constitute the negative carrier, may be hinged together, thus forming a book-dike structure. Such a construction is of some advantage when using the negative carrier in the dark room, since then both parts of the negative carrier would at all times be coupled together. In the disclosed embodiment of theinvention, they are, however, shown as entirely separate or separable parts. The said negative carrier may also be provided with glass in the event that the operator wishes to use a negative carrier of such type.

The photographic printer herein disclosed embodies numerous novel features enabling the operator to pa e better prints with less danger or injuring the negatives, while at the same time a great amount of illumination can be employed because of the novel structure of the lamp house.

The disclosed invention provides means for changing the position of the negative carrier with respect to the central or vertical axis of the lenstt. Heretofore the negative has, so far as we are aware, always been held in a plane at right angles to such an axis, and a great majority of the cameras today manufactured have no means for correcting distortion that occurs because the camera is tilted upward or sideways to include all the material wanted on the photograph when talsing the picture.

In the disclosed embodiment of the invention, the negative when supported in the negative carrier may be tilted either upon the two opposite screws 52 or upon the screw 55 (positioned at right angles to an imaginary line drawn through the said screw 62, as clearly shown in Fig. 5), or

it may be tilted simultaneously upon all three of 7 said supports in a manner generally similar to a gimbal-ring construction. it will be evident that 1 in this manner any corner or the negative may from a perfect negative, or perfect prints may be made from a perfect negative.

The photographic printer herein disclosed is readily operable in a dark room, inasmuch as the lamp house and the parts attached thereto can be easily moved upward or downward and locked in any position. Owing to the employment of a counterweight, such as 33, very little effort is required to make the proper adjustment.

The counterbalanoing means is such that as the lamp house A is moved upward, it will reach a point just before the end of the upward movement at which the cable 38 is in a horizontal line. This stops the upward movement of the bracket or arm 35 short of a point where the bracket 3'! would strike the bracket 28, and'in such case would impart a severe, shock to the mechanism. So far as we are aware, we are the first to provide means satisfactorily to accomplish this result and to overcome a defect which has been inherent in photographic printers heretofore manufactured. It is evident that when the operator is moving the lamp house A upward, he is particularly concerned with picture size, and may not have in mind the position of the bracket 2'5 upon the guide rods 26. If, therefore, means were not provided to limit the upward motion, the shock incident to an excess upward movement would occur.

The lamp house may be made of any suitable material, but desirably it is formed of cast aluminum in order to obtain maximum heat conduc-= tion, and the exterior of the lamp house may be blackened for the same purpose.

It is to be noted that in the printer or enlarger of our invention, the negative may be tilted at any angle with regard to the axis of the light path through the negative, and thus either deliberate distortion of a normal negative may be obtained on the paper board 26 or, if desired, a negative having angular distortion therein or faulty perspective may be tilted to form a corrected image on the enlarging or printing paper. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the depth of focus and depth of field of the enlarging lens may be adjusted by the use of the conventional iris diaphragm to accommodate the change in plane of the negative.

One of the most important features of the mechanism herein disclosed is that the hot lamp house is not directly connected with the negative holder or the negative holder support. An air space is provided therebetween, and thus heat cannot be conducted directly from the lamp house to the negative. This is a great aid in maintaining cool conditions for the negative, and the spec-- ing of the negative holder and holder support away from the condenser lens mount also allows for the tilting movements to take place without contact with the heated lamp house. Furthermore, the flexible bellows not only allows accurate focusing but also permits inspection of the negative, as is evident from Figs. 8 and 9.

It will also be obvious that while we have used a vertical enlarger to illustrate the invention, such an illustration is not deemed to be a limitation as a horizontal operation is fully equivalent. Therefore, while in certain of the claims we have referred to an upper negative platen structure and to a lower negative platen structure, it is to be understood that these terms are used generically and as meaning respectively the platen structure nearer to and the platen structure further from the lamp house.

Having thus described one illustrative embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.

We claim:

1. A photographic printer, for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source,

a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder with means to maintain said negative holder in operative relation to said light-modifying means, means to support an objective lens between the light-modifying means and the-print, means so to support the lamp house and the negative holder with relation to each other that a free air space is provided between said lamp house and said negative holder, to prevent overheating said negative holder being tiltable upon its said support about a transverse axis, thereby to vary the plane of the supported negative with respect to the objective lens, without disconnecting said negative holder from its said supported relation to the lamp house.

2. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, and a negative holder with means to maintain it in operative relation to said light-modifying means, said negative holder having a part extending therefrom about and overlapping the light-modifying means but out of contact therewith said maintaining means including means connected to said extending part for tilting the negative holder about an axis transverse to said negative holder, so as to vary the plane of the supported negative with respect to the objective lens.

3. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, and a negative holder with means to maintain it out of contact with said lamp house but in operative relation to the light-modifying means thereof, combined with means for adjusting said negative holder while so maintained, angularly with respect to a plane extending transversely through the light-modifying means.

4. A photographic printer, for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder, means to support the same upon said supporting means for the lamp house in proximity to said lamp house but spaced therefrom, to tilt about a transverse axis of said negative holder, and associated supporting means for said negative holder to permit said negative holder to tilt about another transverse axis thereof at substantially right angles-to said first axis.

5. A photographic printer, for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house,"

I supporting means for said lamp house to hold transverse axis, and an additional support for said holder upon which said holder may also tilt on another transverse axis, whereby the plane of the said negative holder may be changed separately or conjointly about either or both of two difierent transverse axes.

6. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographicprinting purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder and a supporting yoke therefor carried by the supporting means for said lamp house, said yoke having opposed arms, and means mounted therein for supporting said negative,

holder for tilting movement in operative proximity to the light-modifying means of said lamp house.

7. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlargingand for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder and a supporting yoke therefor carried by the supporting means for said lamp house, said yoke having opposed arms, and means mounted therein for supporting said negative holder for tilting movement in operative proty to the light-modifying means of said lp house, said yoke also having between said arms means to support said negative holder for tilting upon a second transverse axis whereby the plane of the supported negative with respect to the objective lens may be varied about either or both of said transverse axes.

8. A photographic printer for restitutional, fo enlarging, andfor other photographic printing purposes, having in combination: a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, upper and lower negative platen structures, supportedby said supporting means for the lamp house'in operative proximity to but spaced from said lamp house, and openable without disconnection from or contact with said supporting me, to permit the insertion of a negative or negative holder.

9. A photographic printer for restitutlonal, for enlarg, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source,

a lamp house therefor, light-meg means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house.-

supporting me for said lamp house to hold same with relation to the print, upper and lower negative platen structures, supported by said sup.

' no means for the lp house in operative aasasos a negative carrier received between saidipl'aten' structures, and including two fiatsmembershav ing means for attaching them together: at one: edge.

10. A photographic printer for? restitution'al, for enlarging, and for other photographieprlnting purposes, having in combination; a: light: source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portionlof saidllamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, upper: and lower negative platen structures, supported:

by said supporting means for the lamp-house in operative proximity to but spaced from said-lamp house, and openable without disconnectionii-rom or contact with said supporting means, to permit the insertion of a negative or negative holder;

and a negative carrier receivable between said platen structures, said lower platen structure having a bellows connected thereto, and means: for latching together said platen structures;

11. A photographic printer for restitutional', for enlarging, and for other photographic: printing purposes, having in combination; a; light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion. of. saidtlamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder and means to maintain it in operative relation to the light-modifying means, said maintaining means including an upper negative platen structure 5! and means to support the same so as to provide a free air space between, it and the lamp house, and a lower platen structure-8i detachably connected to the upper platen structure so as to receive the negative holderrtherebetween said upper platen structure having at one or more edges thereof, as a part of the means to support the same, means providing a transverse axis ior said upper platen structure, the said upper platen structure being tiltable upon said axis without making contact thereof with the. lamp house. I

12. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination, a light source, a lamp house therefor, light' modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lampv house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a; negative holder and means to maintainaitiin operative. relation to the light-modifying means; said maintaining means including an upper negative platen structure having an extensionsurrounding but spaced from the light-modifyingsmeans and a lower platen structure connectedto said. upper platen structure and carrying'abellows:

13. A photographic printer forrestitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printiing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light modifying means mounted at one end portionlof said lamp house, supporting means for said. lamphouse'to hold the same with relation tothelprint, a negative holder and means to maintainit"in'operative relation to the light-modifying means, said main- 1 taining means including an upper negative platen structure having an extension surrounding: but

from the light-modifying meanaanda lower platen structure connected to said upper platen structure, a bellows carried by'saidlower platen structure, a lens-supportconnectedtoi the outer end of said bellows, and means whereon said lens-support is mounted so asitopermitzthe. temporary separation of the two platen struc ill) maintaining means including an upper negative till aasaeos tures for insertion or removal of the negative holder without separation of the said bellows from the lens-support.

14. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder and means to maintain it in operative relation to the light-modifying means, said maintaining means including an upper negative platen structure i having a hollow portion extending upwardly so as to surround and overlap the light-modifying means without contact therewith, and a lower platen structure 81 mounted so as to be swung away from the upper platen structure for handling the negative holder.

15. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp housa'supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder and means to maintain it in a posi tion surrounding but out of contact with said light-modifying means for tilting said negative holder, such means including a member 56 having a lateral formation 64, a yoke 50 pivotally mounted upon said member 55, and an adjusting shaft or screw 55 threaded into said yoke and having contact with said lateral formation 5%.

l6.- A photographic printer for restitution'al, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder having a part which surrounds and overlaps the light-modifying means without contact therewith, said negative holder having two parts hinged together and adapted to receive the negative carrier therebetween, with means for securing said hinged parts together for the printing operation.

17. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder and means to maintain it in operative relation to the light-modifying means, said platen structure positioned in proximity to but spaced from and non-contacting with the part of the lamp house having the light-modifying means, and means to support said platen structure to tilt upon a transverse axis.

18. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying meansmo-unted at one end portion of said lamp of the lamp house having the light-modifying means, and means to support said platen structure to tilt upon a transverse axis, and also a second transverse axis which is at substantially right angles to said first axis.

19. A photographic printer for restitutional for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a lighi source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lam-p house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder and means to maintain it in operative relation to the light-modifying means, said maintaining means including an upper negative platen structure positioned in proximity to but spaced from and non-contacting with the part of the lamp house having the light-modifying means, and means to support said platen structure to tilt upon a transverse axis, and a lower negative platen structure connected to said upper negative platen structure but openable without disconnection therefrom to permit the insertion of the negative or negative holder between said two platen structures.

20. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printi g purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation to the print, a negative holder and means to maintain it in operative relation to the light-modifying means, said maintaining means including an upper negative platen structure positioned in proximity to but spaced from and non-contacting with the part of the I lamp house having the light-modifying means,

tilt upon a transverse axis, and a lower negative platen structure connected to said upper negative platen structure but openable Without disconnection therefrom to permit the insertion of the negative or negative holder between the said two platen structures, and a bellows attached to said lower negative platen structure.

21. A photographic printer for rest-i-tutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means mounted at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the same with relation .to the print, a negative holder and means to maintain it in operative relation to the light-modifying means, said maintaining means including an upper negative platen structure positioned in proximity to but spaced from and non-contacting with the part of the lamp house having the light modifying means, and means to support said platen structure to tilt upon a transverse axis, and a lower negative platen structure connected to said upper negative platen structure but openable without disconnection therefrom to permit the insertion of the negative or negative holder between said two platen structures, and a bellows carrying an ob- ,iective lens attached to said lower negative platen structure, and. means carried by the supporting means for the lamp house for adjusting said bellows and lens for focusing purposes while attached to said lower negative platen structure.

22. A photographic printer for restitutional, for enlarging, and for other photographic printing purposes, having in combination; a light source, a lamp house therefor, light-modifying means objective lens.

23. A photographic printer for restltutionehfor mounted at one end portion of sold lump house,

supporting means for said in house to hold the some with relation to the print, or negative holder and means to maintain it in owntive reletion to the light-modify ing means, said maintaming-means including on upper neeetive structure posttioned in prommity to tout from end non-contacting with the of the lamp house having the lighnmodiiylng r two transverse exes thereof in sold on,

means permitting menuel adjustment of mid upper negative platen structure about either of said two transverse cues for t: the hlene of the W negative with v-ml enlarging; and for other phothic pmposes, having in combination; at light scuem,

"a lamp house therefor, light-m in mounted at one end portion of sold lump house,

supporting means for said lamp ho to hold the same with relation to the print, n negative holder end means to maintain it in ope ative role tlon to th lieht-modif m, seid mednteining means including on upper nesetlve platen structure positioned in proximity to out s from and non-contacting with the pest oi the lamp house having the lower negative platen structure eoted to said urtar negative platen structure but cpennhie without disconnection therefrom to pelt the insertion of the negative or negetlve holder he tween said two platen structures, m

port said upper negative pleten c upo two transverse ones i in said position, and means permitting manual or said upper negative platen structure about either or said two transverse ones for the plane of the suppomed negative with res .7 I1 to the objective lens, sold upmr neeenve platen strut ture hoving en -r-1 on shout hut spnced deem the end of said lamp house hm the light= modifying m mounted erein, sold e sion having coected .th the mid menus for supporting said upper negative ple iten upon two transverse uses ther, and end ere from and now-cont to the w z so as from the lamp house that an ell til sdiustments of the upper negative platen structure the said extension is out of contoot with said lnmp house.

w. phric printer for restitutionel, for .11; end for other photographic printing hevingin combination; n light source, house therefor, light-modifying means 1 at one end portion of said lamp house, supporting means for said lamp house to hold the some with relation to the mum, at negative holder and m to maintain cit in operative reletion to the light-modifying means, sold 2118;111-

me including an upper negative platen structure ticned in prordmity to but spaced Y with the part of the in house having the light-modifying means, e lower negative platen structure connected to mid upper ive platen structure but openehle without disconnection therefrom to permit suit said upper ntive platen structure upon two tverse axes thereof inswid position, and means it'ting manual adjustment of sold upper ntive platen structure about either of said two transverse exes for varying the plene of the supported negative with respect to the objective lens, said upper nive platen ture he no. esion about but spaced from the end of said 1p house that has the light-modifying m mounted therein, said extension he, coected thereto the said means for snt seid pper negativ platen structure upon twol exes thereof, and mid extension we so spaced from the lamp house that in all tiltim adj ems of the upper negative platen structure the said extension is outoi l e .1 .1: with lp house, said lower negartlve platen structure being connected to the said upper negetive platen structure and having a hel-

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