US2236041A - Electron discharge device - Google Patents
Electron discharge device Download PDFInfo
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- US2236041A US2236041A US160997A US16099737A US2236041A US 2236041 A US2236041 A US 2236041A US 160997 A US160997 A US 160997A US 16099737 A US16099737 A US 16099737A US 2236041 A US2236041 A US 2236041A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
- H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
- H01J43/20—Dynodes consisting of sheet material, e.g. plane, bent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
- H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
Definitions
- This invention relates to electron discharge devices and more particularly to such devices having a plurality of cooperatively associated secondary electron emitting cathodes and generally designated as electron multipliers.
- On object of the invention is to increase the power capacity of electron discharge devices of the electron multiplier type.
- Another object of this invention is to facilitate the manifold amplification of relatively weak signals or impulses corresponding, for example, to electric currents of audio or radio frequencies.
- a further object of this invention is to simplify the structure and thereby to expedite the fabrication of electron discharge devices having a multiplicity of electrodes.
- an electron multiplier comprises a plurality of substantially parallel rows of aligned electrodes, the electrodes in each row being parallel to one another and mounted oblique to the axis of alignment thereof, and corresponding electrodes in the several rows being aligned.
- Opposite and opposed surfaces of the various electrodes are treated or coated to render them electron emitting, the emitting surfaces on individual electrodes being spaced and electrically insulated from each other so that they may be maintained at different operating potentials.
- one surface of the electrodes in one of the rows is energized to cause the emission of electrons therefrom. These electrons are attracted to and impinge upon the other or opposed surface of the next succeeding electrodes in the same row to cause the emission of secondary electrons from these other surfaces.
- the secondary electrons from each of these surfaces are drawn to and impinge upon the opposed surfaces of the corresponding electrodes in the next row and produce the emission of other secondary electrons therefrom. These electrons in turn are drawn to and impinge upon the other or opposed surface of the next succeeding electrodes in the same row to cause the emission of still other secondary electrons therefrom. This phenomenon is repeated throughout the electrodes in each of the rows and between corresponding electrodes in the several rows and the ultimate secondary electron streams are drawn to an anode or collector electrode and constitute the output current of the device.
- the surfaces of the electrodes are so constituted that each electron impinging thereon causes the emission of a plurality of secondary electrons. Consequently, in effect, an electron multiplication occurs at each of the electron receiving surfaces of the electrodes with a resultant amplification of the original electron current.
- Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of an electron discharge device illustrative of one embodiment of this invention, a portion of the enclosing vessel being broken away to show the electrode structures more clearly;
- Fig. 2 is a view in cross-section of the electron discharge device illustrated in Fig. 1, showing also a source for initially energizing the electrodes in one of the rows;
- Fig. 3 is a detail view in perspective of one of the electrodes embodied in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2; i
- Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic View illustrating a typical electrical association of the various electrodes in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2, during operation of the device;
- Fig. 5 is a detail view illustrating a modification of the electrode or cathode structures incorporated in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2;
- Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view illustrating another modification of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- the electron discharge device illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises an evacuated enclosing vessel I 0 having end walls II, the vessel preferably being entirely of vitreous material or being of metal and having one plane wall I2 of vitreous material and transparent to light.
- Mounted within the vessel l0 area plurality, for example three, of electrode or cathode structures disposed parallel to one another and to the plane wall l2.
- Each of the electrode structures comprises a relatively rigid insulating frame including parallel arms l3, for example, strips of mica or the like, and end members I4, which also may be of mica or the like, having tabs or projections l5 tightly fitted in slots in the arms l3.
- the frames may be mounted in proper position in the enclosing vessel in by rigid metallic supports l6 sealed in the end walls I I and affixed to the end members M as by eyelets l1.
- insulating frames I3, [4 are a plurality of equal rows of emitting electrodes or cathodes, the electrodes in the several rows being parallel to one another and corresponding electrodes in'the rows being aligned with one another, as shown clearly in Fig. 2.
- Each of the electrodes as illustrated clearly in Figs. 2 and 3 comprises an insulating plate I8, for example, a strip of mica, and all but the end electrodes in each row have electron emitting coatings l9 and 20 on opposite faces of the insulating plate. The end electrodes are coated on only one face thereof.
- the coatings I 9 and 20 may include a layer of silver deposited upon the insulating plate l8, sensitized with a negative element such as oxygen and an active element such as caesium to form a matrix including silver, caesium oxide and some free caesium.
- the insulating plates I8 are fitted in oblique slots in the arms l3 and may be provided with notches 2
- the plates [8 are arranged at an angle, for example 45 degrees, to the longitudinal axis of the arms l3.
- Each of the coatings l9 has connected thereto a leadingin conductor 22 sealed in and extending from one wall of the enclosing vessel.
- each of the coatings 20 has a leading-in conductor 23 connected thereto and sealed in and extending from the opposite wall of the enclosing vessel.
- anode or collector electrode 24 Disposed parallel to the axis of alignment of the cathodes l8, l9, 2%] is an anode or collector electrode 24, which may be a metallic plate supported by a rigid leading-in conductor 25 sealed in and extending from one of the end walls ll of the enclosing vessel Ii].
- a shield electrode is mounted between and parallel to the anode or collector electrode 24 and the row of emitting electrodes or cathodes in juxtaposition thereto and comprises a metallic screen 26 supported by a pair of rigid leading-in conductors 2i! sealed in and extending from one end wall ll of the enclosing vessel ill.
- the coatings IQ of the cathodes in each of the rows are connected together electrically and the coatings 20 of the electrodes are similarly connected.
- the coatings 28 of the electrodes in each of the rows are maintained at a potential, for example, of the order of '75 volts, positive with respect to the coatings l 9 on the electrodes in the same rows.
- the coatings !9 upon the electrodes in the second and third rows, to the right in Figs. 2 and 4 are maintained at a potential, for example of the order of 75 volts, positive with respect to the coatings 2e upon the electrodes in the next preceding row.
- the requisite potentials may be obtained through the agency of a potentiometer device including a resistance 28 connected across a suitable source such as a rectifier 29.
- the shield electrode 26 may be maintained of the order of 75 volts positive with respect to the adjacent row of coatings 29, as by a battery 30, and the anode or collector electrode 2 may be operated at a potential of the order of 75 volts positive with respect to the shield electrode by a source such as a battery 3i.
- the coatings l9 upon the first row of electrodes, to the left in Fig. 2, may be energized to cause the emission of electrons therefrom, by a beam of light emanating from a source 32 of light of variable intensity, and focussed upon these coatings.
- the electrons emitted from each of these coatings l9 are attracted to and impinge upon the coatings 2B in juxtaposition thereto, the paths followed by the electrons emanating from two of the surfaces 19 being as indicated approximately by the dotted lines A in Fig. 4.
- the electrons impinging upon these surfaces 20 cause the emission of secondary electrons therefrom and these secondary electrons flow to and impinge upon the opposed surfaces ll! of the electrodes in the second row, traversing paths as indicated by the dotted lines A in Fig. 4.
- This action is repeated at each of the succeeding coatings I9 and 20 and the electrons emanating from the coatings 20 in the last row of cathodes are drawn to the anode or collector electrode 24 and constitute the output current of the device.
- the coatings l9 and 20 have good secondary electron emitting characteristics, the secondary currents emanating therefrom will be several times greater than the primary or secondary electron streams impinging thereon. Consequently, the electrons emanating from the surfaces or coatings I9 in the first row of cathodes, in effect, will undergo a series of multiplications so that the current received by the anode or collector electrode 24 will represent a large amplification of the original electron streams. Furthermore, inasmuch as the various cathodes, and particularly those in the first row, have relatively large area individually and in aggregate, devices constructed in accordance with this invention are capable of handling relatively high powers without deleterious heating of the electrodes.
- each of the cathode structures may comprise a pair of superposed metallic sheets or strips 33 and 33' each having a plurality of parallel vanes 34 and 33 respectively disposed at an angle, for example 45 degrees, to the plane of the sheets or strips.
- each of the vanes 34 may have an electron emitting coating upon one face thereof and the vanes 34 may have an electron emitting coating upon the opposite face thereof.
- a suitable coating is one including silver, caesium oxide and some free caesium.
- the two sheets or strips 33 and 33' may be maintained in spaced relation by insulating members 35 and may be supported by rigid rods 36.
- the rods 36 may be sealed in and extend through one of the end walls H of the enclosing vessel and serve as leading-in conductors for the cathodes.
- the vanes 34 in each row may be maintained at a positive potential with respect to the adjacent vanes 34 as described heretofore in connection with the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and the vanes 34. in the second and third rows may be maintained at a positive potential with respect to the vanes 3 in the next preceding row.
- the operation of a device embodying cathode structures of the form shown in Fig. 5 is substantially the same as that of the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- each row of cathodes including six plate members, a greater or lesser number of rows including more or less than six plate members may be employed.
- the primary electron emitting surfaces of the first row of electrodes have been described as energized by a variable light beam, they may be energized by electrons emanating from a thermionic cathode M, as shown in Fig. 6, in cooperative relation with these surfaces and a control electrode 4
- An electrode structure for electron discharge devices comprising a row of parallel, aligned secondary electron emissive surfaces mounted obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, means electrically connecting only alternate surfaces into two groups, each surface of one group facing a surface of the other group, and means supporting said surfaces as a unit.
- An electrode structure for electron discharge devices comprising a plurality of aligned, parallel plate memlbers mounted obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, electron emitting coatings upon opposed faces of said plate members, and separate leading-in connections for said coatings.
- An electrode structure for electron discharge devices comprising a frame, a plurality of parallel aligned insulating members carried by said frame and mounted obliquely to the longitudinal axis thereof, and electron emitting coatings upon opposite faces of said insulating members.
- An electrode structure for electron discharge devices comprising a supporting frame having parallel arms, a plurality of parallel, insulating plate members mounted between said arms and affixed thereto, said insulating members being disposed obliquely to the longitudinal axis of said arms, and electron emitting coatings upon opposed faces of said insulating members.
- An electrode structure for electron discharge devices comprising a pair of superposed plate members each having a plurality of parallel aligned vanes disposed obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, an electron emitting coating upon one face of the vanes of one of said plate members, and an electron emitting coating upon the opposite face of the vanes of the other of said plate members.
- An electrode structure for electron discharge devices comprising a pair of superposed metallic members each having a plurality of aligned parallel vanes, said vanes being oblique to the longitudinal axis of said members and the vanes of one of said members being immediately adjacent the corresponding vanes of the other of said members, an electron emitting coating upon one face of the vanes of one of said members, and an electron emitting coating upon the opposite face of the vanes of the other of said members.
- An electron discharge device comprising a pair of aligned, superposed, parallel plate members mounted obliquely to the [axis of alignment thereof, opposed surfaces of said plate members being electron emissive, a second pair of superposed aligned plate members parallel to said first plate members and having opposed electron emissive surfaces, one of said second plate members being directly opposite and in alignment with one of said first plate members, and a collector electrode opposite the emissive surface of the other of said second plate members.
- An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel housing a collector electrode, a plurality of parallel plate members opposite said collector electrode, said plate members being aligned and mounted obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, electron emissive coatings upon opposed faces of said plate members, and lead-in means for energizing the corresponding surfaces of said plate members away from said collector electrode.
- An electron discharge device comprising an anode, a plurality of rows of aligned electrodes mounted in succession to one side of said anode, the electrodes in each of said rows being mounted obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof and corresponding electrodes in said rows being in alignment and having opposed surfaces, and electron emissive coatings upon the opposed surfaces of the electrodes in each of said rows.
- An electron discharge device comprising an anode and a plurality of parallel rows of electrodes to one side of said anode, the electrodes in each of said rows including aligned parallel plate members disposed obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof and having opposed electron emitting surfaces, and corresponding electrodes in said rows having opposed electron emitting surfaces and being in alignment with and parallel to one another.
- An electrode structure for electron discharge devices comprising a plurality of aligned parallel plate members disposed obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, opposed surfaces of said plate members being electron emissive, and means electrically connecting only corresponding of said surfaces into two groups.
- An electrode structure for electron discharge devices comprising an insulating frame including parallel arms having parallel oblique slots therein, a plurality of plate members fitted in said slots, and electron emitting coatings upon opposed surfaces of said plate members.
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- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
- Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Description
March 25, 1941. K TEAL 2,236,041
ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE Filed Aug. 26, 1937 DIRECTION 1 or T I; /5 DA LIGHTBEAM 1FZ A \i M 30' mi br I E M 1L E H /6 L251 1/ VARIABLE LIGHT SOURCE INVENTOR 6 K. TEA L Quail? $7.4m!
Arm/mgr Patented Mar. 25, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE Application August 26, 1937, Serial No. 160,997
12 Claims.
This invention relates to electron discharge devices and more particularly to such devices having a plurality of cooperatively associated secondary electron emitting cathodes and generally designated as electron multipliers.
On object of the invention is to increase the power capacity of electron discharge devices of the electron multiplier type.
Another object of this invention is to facilitate the manifold amplification of relatively weak signals or impulses corresponding, for example, to electric currents of audio or radio frequencies.
A further object of this invention is to simplify the structure and thereby to expedite the fabrication of electron discharge devices having a multiplicity of electrodes.
In one illustrative embodiment of this invention, an electron multiplier comprises a plurality of substantially parallel rows of aligned electrodes, the electrodes in each row being parallel to one another and mounted oblique to the axis of alignment thereof, and corresponding electrodes in the several rows being aligned. Opposite and opposed surfaces of the various electrodes are treated or coated to render them electron emitting, the emitting surfaces on individual electrodes being spaced and electrically insulated from each other so that they may be maintained at different operating potentials.
During operation of the device, one surface of the electrodes in one of the rows is energized to cause the emission of electrons therefrom. These electrons are attracted to and impinge upon the other or opposed surface of the next succeeding electrodes in the same row to cause the emission of secondary electrons from these other surfaces. The secondary electrons from each of these surfaces are drawn to and impinge upon the opposed surfaces of the corresponding electrodes in the next row and produce the emission of other secondary electrons therefrom. These electrons in turn are drawn to and impinge upon the other or opposed surface of the next succeeding electrodes in the same row to cause the emission of still other secondary electrons therefrom. This phenomenon is repeated throughout the electrodes in each of the rows and between corresponding electrodes in the several rows and the ultimate secondary electron streams are drawn to an anode or collector electrode and constitute the output current of the device.
The surfaces of the electrodes are so constituted that each electron impinging thereon causes the emission of a plurality of secondary electrons. Consequently, in effect, an electron multiplication occurs at each of the electron receiving surfaces of the electrodes with a resultant amplification of the original electron current.
The invention and the various features thereof will be understood more clearly and fully from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of an electron discharge device illustrative of one embodiment of this invention, a portion of the enclosing vessel being broken away to show the electrode structures more clearly;
Fig. 2 is a view in cross-section of the electron discharge device illustrated in Fig. 1, showing also a source for initially energizing the electrodes in one of the rows;
Fig. 3 is a detail view in perspective of one of the electrodes embodied in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2; i
Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic View illustrating a typical electrical association of the various electrodes in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2, during operation of the device;
Fig. 5 is a detail view illustrating a modification of the electrode or cathode structures incorporated in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2; and
Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view illustrating another modification of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
Referring now to the drawing, the electron discharge device illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises an evacuated enclosing vessel I 0 having end walls II, the vessel preferably being entirely of vitreous material or being of metal and having one plane wall I2 of vitreous material and transparent to light. Mounted within the vessel l0 area plurality, for example three, of electrode or cathode structures disposed parallel to one another and to the plane wall l2. Each of the electrode structures comprises a relatively rigid insulating frame including parallel arms l3, for example, strips of mica or the like, and end members I4, which also may be of mica or the like, having tabs or projections l5 tightly fitted in slots in the arms l3. The frames may be mounted in proper position in the enclosing vessel in by rigid metallic supports l6 sealed in the end walls I I and affixed to the end members M as by eyelets l1.
Supported by the insulating frames I3, [4 are a plurality of equal rows of emitting electrodes or cathodes, the electrodes in the several rows being parallel to one another and corresponding electrodes in'the rows being aligned with one another, as shown clearly in Fig. 2. Each of the electrodes as illustrated clearly in Figs. 2 and 3 comprises an insulating plate I8, for example, a strip of mica, and all but the end electrodes in each row have electron emitting coatings l9 and 20 on opposite faces of the insulating plate. The end electrodes are coated on only one face thereof. For example, the coatings I 9 and 20 may include a layer of silver deposited upon the insulating plate l8, sensitized with a negative element such as oxygen and an active element such as caesium to form a matrix including silver, caesium oxide and some free caesium. The insulating plates I8 are fitted in oblique slots in the arms l3 and may be provided with notches 2| for frictionally receiving the arms l3 and locking the plates to the arms. The plates [8 are arranged at an angle, for example 45 degrees, to the longitudinal axis of the arms l3. Each of the coatings l9 has connected thereto a leadingin conductor 22 sealed in and extending from one wall of the enclosing vessel. Likewise, each of the coatings 20 has a leading-in conductor 23 connected thereto and sealed in and extending from the opposite wall of the enclosing vessel.
Disposed parallel to the axis of alignment of the cathodes l8, l9, 2%] is an anode or collector electrode 24, which may be a metallic plate supported by a rigid leading-in conductor 25 sealed in and extending from one of the end walls ll of the enclosing vessel Ii].
A shield electrode is mounted between and parallel to the anode or collector electrode 24 and the row of emitting electrodes or cathodes in juxtaposition thereto and comprises a metallic screen 26 supported by a pair of rigid leading-in conductors 2i! sealed in and extending from one end wall ll of the enclosing vessel ill.
As illustrated in Fig. 4, during operation of the electron discharge device, the coatings IQ of the cathodes in each of the rows are connected together electrically and the coatings 20 of the electrodes are similarly connected. The coatings 28 of the electrodes in each of the rows are maintained at a potential, for example, of the order of '75 volts, positive with respect to the coatings l 9 on the electrodes in the same rows. Similarly, the coatings !9 upon the electrodes in the second and third rows, to the right in Figs. 2 and 4, are maintained at a potential, for example of the order of 75 volts, positive with respect to the coatings 2e upon the electrodes in the next preceding row. The requisite potentials may be obtained through the agency of a potentiometer device including a resistance 28 connected across a suitable source such as a rectifier 29.
The shield electrode 26 may be maintained of the order of 75 volts positive with respect to the adjacent row of coatings 29, as by a battery 30, and the anode or collector electrode 2 may be operated at a potential of the order of 75 volts positive with respect to the shield electrode by a source such as a battery 3i.
The coatings l9 upon the first row of electrodes, to the left in Fig. 2, may be energized to cause the emission of electrons therefrom, by a beam of light emanating from a source 32 of light of variable intensity, and focussed upon these coatings. The electrons emitted from each of these coatings l9 are attracted to and impinge upon the coatings 2B in juxtaposition thereto, the paths followed by the electrons emanating from two of the surfaces 19 being as indicated approximately by the dotted lines A in Fig. 4. The electrons impinging upon these surfaces 20 cause the emission of secondary electrons therefrom and these secondary electrons flow to and impinge upon the opposed surfaces ll! of the electrodes in the second row, traversing paths as indicated by the dotted lines A in Fig. 4. This action is repeated at each of the succeeding coatings I9 and 20 and the electrons emanating from the coatings 20 in the last row of cathodes are drawn to the anode or collector electrode 24 and constitute the output current of the device.
Inasmuch as the coatings l9 and 20 have good secondary electron emitting characteristics, the secondary currents emanating therefrom will be several times greater than the primary or secondary electron streams impinging thereon. Consequently, the electrons emanating from the surfaces or coatings I9 in the first row of cathodes, in effect, will undergo a series of multiplications so that the current received by the anode or collector electrode 24 will represent a large amplification of the original electron streams. Furthermore, inasmuch as the various cathodes, and particularly those in the first row, have relatively large area individually and in aggregate, devices constructed in accordance with this invention are capable of handling relatively high powers without deleterious heating of the electrodes.
In the modification illustrated in Fig. 5, each of the cathode structures may comprise a pair of superposed metallic sheets or strips 33 and 33' each having a plurality of parallel vanes 34 and 33 respectively disposed at an angle, for example 45 degrees, to the plane of the sheets or strips. As shown in this figure, each of the vanes 34 may have an electron emitting coating upon one face thereof and the vanes 34 may have an electron emitting coating upon the opposite face thereof. A suitable coating is one including silver, caesium oxide and some free caesium. The two sheets or strips 33 and 33' may be maintained in spaced relation by insulating members 35 and may be supported by rigid rods 36. The rods 36 may be sealed in and extend through one of the end walls H of the enclosing vessel and serve as leading-in conductors for the cathodes.
The vanes 34 in each row may be maintained at a positive potential with respect to the adjacent vanes 34 as described heretofore in connection with the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and the vanes 34. in the second and third rows may be maintained at a positive potential with respect to the vanes 3 in the next preceding row. The operation of a device embodying cathode structures of the form shown in Fig. 5 is substantially the same as that of the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood, of course, that these embodiments are but illustrative and that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, although three rows of cathodes have been shown, each row including six plate members, a greater or lesser number of rows including more or less than six plate members may be employed. Also, although the primary electron emitting surfaces of the first row of electrodes have been described as energized by a variable light beam, they may be energized by electrons emanating from a thermionic cathode M, as shown in Fig. 6, in cooperative relation with these surfaces and a control electrode 4| may be provided for varying the electron streams emanating from the thermionic cathode.
What is claimed is:
1. An electrode structure for electron discharge devices, comprising a row of parallel, aligned secondary electron emissive surfaces mounted obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, means electrically connecting only alternate surfaces into two groups, each surface of one group facing a surface of the other group, and means supporting said surfaces as a unit.
2. An electrode structure for electron discharge devices, comprising a plurality of aligned, parallel plate memlbers mounted obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, electron emitting coatings upon opposed faces of said plate members, and separate leading-in connections for said coatings.
3. An electrode structure for electron discharge devices, comprising a frame, a plurality of parallel aligned insulating members carried by said frame and mounted obliquely to the longitudinal axis thereof, and electron emitting coatings upon opposite faces of said insulating members.
4. An electrode structure for electron discharge devices, comprising a supporting frame having parallel arms, a plurality of parallel, insulating plate members mounted between said arms and affixed thereto, said insulating members being disposed obliquely to the longitudinal axis of said arms, and electron emitting coatings upon opposed faces of said insulating members.
5. An electrode structure for electron discharge devices, comprising a pair of superposed plate members each having a plurality of parallel aligned vanes disposed obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, an electron emitting coating upon one face of the vanes of one of said plate members, and an electron emitting coating upon the opposite face of the vanes of the other of said plate members.
6. An electrode structure for electron discharge devices, comprising a pair of superposed metallic members each having a plurality of aligned parallel vanes, said vanes being oblique to the longitudinal axis of said members and the vanes of one of said members being immediately adjacent the corresponding vanes of the other of said members, an electron emitting coating upon one face of the vanes of one of said members, and an electron emitting coating upon the opposite face of the vanes of the other of said members.
7. An electron discharge device comprising a pair of aligned, superposed, parallel plate members mounted obliquely to the [axis of alignment thereof, opposed surfaces of said plate members being electron emissive, a second pair of superposed aligned plate members parallel to said first plate members and having opposed electron emissive surfaces, one of said second plate members being directly opposite and in alignment with one of said first plate members, and a collector electrode opposite the emissive surface of the other of said second plate members.
8. An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel housing a collector electrode, a plurality of parallel plate members opposite said collector electrode, said plate members being aligned and mounted obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, electron emissive coatings upon opposed faces of said plate members, and lead-in means for energizing the corresponding surfaces of said plate members away from said collector electrode.
9. An electron discharge device comprising an anode, a plurality of rows of aligned electrodes mounted in succession to one side of said anode, the electrodes in each of said rows being mounted obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof and corresponding electrodes in said rows being in alignment and having opposed surfaces, and electron emissive coatings upon the opposed surfaces of the electrodes in each of said rows.
10. An electron discharge device comprising an anode and a plurality of parallel rows of electrodes to one side of said anode, the electrodes in each of said rows including aligned parallel plate members disposed obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof and having opposed electron emitting surfaces, and corresponding electrodes in said rows having opposed electron emitting surfaces and being in alignment with and parallel to one another.
11. An electrode structure for electron discharge devices, comprising a plurality of aligned parallel plate members disposed obliquely to the axis of alignment thereof, opposed surfaces of said plate members being electron emissive, and means electrically connecting only corresponding of said surfaces into two groups.
12. An electrode structure for electron discharge devices, comprising an insulating frame including parallel arms having parallel oblique slots therein, a plurality of plate members fitted in said slots, and electron emitting coatings upon opposed surfaces of said plate members.
GORDON K. TEAL.
Priority Applications (22)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US111796A US2134718A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111809A US2160797A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111810A US2160798A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111808A US2160796A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
FR824648D FR824648A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-07-22 | Electron Discharge Device |
US160997A US2236041A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-08-26 | Electron discharge device |
US161747A US2160799A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-08-31 | Electron discharge device |
GB31090/37A GB500447A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-11-12 | Improvements in or relating to electron discharge apparatus of the electron multiplier type |
GB31091/37A GB500448A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-11-12 | Improvements in or relating to electron discharge apparatus of the electron multiplier type |
GB31885/37A GB505663A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-11-19 | Improvements in or relating to electron discharge apparatus of the electron multiplier type |
US176566A US2245605A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-11-26 | Electron multiplier |
US205931A US2245624A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-05-04 | Electron discharge apparatus |
GB20896/38A GB500170A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-07-14 | Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices utilising secondary emission and electrode structures therefor |
GB21222/38A GB502528A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-07-18 | Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices utilising secondary emission |
FR49655D FR49655E (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-07-26 | Electron Discharge Device |
NL89371A NL49799C (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-08-18 | |
FR49980D FR49980E (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-11-14 | |
DE1938W0003971 DE886343C (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-11-16 | Electron multiplier |
GB33529/38A GB521077A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-11-18 | Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices |
CH208067D CH208067A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-11-23 | Electron multiplier. |
BE431298D BE431298A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-11-26 | |
CH214485D CH214485A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1939-05-01 | Electron multiplier tube with purely electrical guidance of the electrons. |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US111796A US2134718A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111808A US2160796A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111810A US2160798A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111809A US2160797A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US160997A US2236041A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-08-26 | Electron discharge device |
US161747A US2160799A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-08-31 | Electron discharge device |
US176566A US2245605A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-11-26 | Electron multiplier |
US205931A US2245624A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-05-04 | Electron discharge apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2236041A true US2236041A (en) | 1941-03-25 |
Family
ID=22644877
Family Applications (8)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US111810A Expired - Lifetime US2160798A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111796A Expired - Lifetime US2134718A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111808A Expired - Lifetime US2160796A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111809A Expired - Lifetime US2160797A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US160997A Expired - Lifetime US2236041A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-08-26 | Electron discharge device |
US161747A Expired - Lifetime US2160799A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-08-31 | Electron discharge device |
US176566A Expired - Lifetime US2245605A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-11-26 | Electron multiplier |
US205931A Expired - Lifetime US2245624A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-05-04 | Electron discharge apparatus |
Family Applications Before (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US111810A Expired - Lifetime US2160798A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111796A Expired - Lifetime US2134718A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111808A Expired - Lifetime US2160796A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
US111809A Expired - Lifetime US2160797A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1936-11-20 | Electron discharge apparatus |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US161747A Expired - Lifetime US2160799A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-08-31 | Electron discharge device |
US176566A Expired - Lifetime US2245605A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-11-26 | Electron multiplier |
US205931A Expired - Lifetime US2245624A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1938-05-04 | Electron discharge apparatus |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (8) | US2160798A (en) |
BE (1) | BE431298A (en) |
CH (2) | CH208067A (en) |
DE (1) | DE886343C (en) |
FR (3) | FR824648A (en) |
GB (6) | GB500447A (en) |
NL (1) | NL49799C (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3039016A (en) * | 1957-07-06 | 1962-06-12 | Emi Ltd | Electrodes |
US3191086A (en) * | 1960-11-23 | 1965-06-22 | Radames K H Gebel | Secondary emission multiplier intensifier image orthicon |
US3253182A (en) * | 1961-11-03 | 1966-05-24 | Philips Corp | Slotted electrode for an electron multiplier tube |
US3872337A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1975-03-18 | Emi Ltd | Electron multiplier formed by twisting fingers in parallel plates |
US3944867A (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1976-03-16 | Zenith Radio Corporation | Shadow mask having ribs bounding rectangular apertures |
Families Citing this family (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE865161C (en) * | 1940-01-20 | 1953-01-29 | Sueddeutsche Telefon App | Arrangement for modulating one or more main carrier frequencies with two or more modulated auxiliary carrier frequencies |
US2433724A (en) * | 1944-05-29 | 1947-12-30 | Farnsworth Res Corp | Phototube multiplier |
US2451400A (en) * | 1944-09-09 | 1948-10-12 | Oran T Mcilvaine | Photoelectric tube |
US2585044A (en) * | 1945-02-05 | 1952-02-12 | Farnsworth Res Corp | Gain control apparatus |
US2582141A (en) * | 1946-09-16 | 1952-01-08 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Sonic tube |
US2627044A (en) * | 1948-06-23 | 1953-01-27 | Continental Electric Company | Cathode for photocells |
US2760097A (en) * | 1950-12-22 | 1956-08-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Cathode structures |
GB777457A (en) * | 1954-02-25 | 1957-06-26 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Electron multiplier |
US2953703A (en) * | 1954-06-14 | 1960-09-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Photomultiplier design having high response to x-rays |
US2903595A (en) * | 1954-12-24 | 1959-09-08 | Rca Corp | Electron multiplier |
US2826704A (en) * | 1955-01-03 | 1958-03-11 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Magnetic electron multiplier gate |
NL104002C (en) * | 1955-06-11 | |||
US2932768A (en) * | 1955-10-21 | 1960-04-12 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Magnetic electron multiplier |
US2909689A (en) * | 1955-09-12 | 1959-10-20 | Gen Electric | Support strap for electron gun structures |
US2897391A (en) * | 1957-04-02 | 1959-07-28 | George B Erskine | Studded electrode and method of manufacture |
CH358872A (en) * | 1958-07-11 | 1961-12-15 | Zeiss Jena Veb Carl | Secondary electron multiplier |
GB892454A (en) * | 1959-05-21 | 1962-03-28 | Bush And Rank Cintel Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electron multipliers |
US2950408A (en) * | 1959-10-30 | 1960-08-23 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Multi-gap collimation lens for use in direct-view storage tube |
US3390272A (en) * | 1965-03-31 | 1968-06-25 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Photomultiplier |
US3519870A (en) * | 1967-05-18 | 1970-07-07 | Xerox Corp | Spiraled strip material having parallel grooves forming plurality of electron multiplier channels |
US3506868A (en) * | 1967-05-22 | 1970-04-14 | Bendix Corp | Positive-type electron multiplier channels connected in series |
US3538328A (en) * | 1968-03-04 | 1970-11-03 | Varian Associates | Scintillation-type ion detector employing a secondary emitter target surrounding the ion path |
US3875441A (en) * | 1973-11-29 | 1975-04-01 | Rca Corp | Electron discharge device including an electron emissive electrode having an undulating cross-sectional contour |
US4184098A (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1980-01-15 | S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. | Cone type dynode for photomultiplier tube |
US4143291A (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1979-03-06 | S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. | Dynode for a photomultiplier tube |
FR2445018A1 (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1980-07-18 | Anvar | ELECTRON MULTIPLIER TUBE WITH AXIAL MAGNETIC FIELD |
DE2904696A1 (en) * | 1979-02-08 | 1980-08-21 | Proxitronic Funk Gmbh & Co Kg | PHOTOELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER |
AU561469B2 (en) * | 1981-08-25 | 1987-05-07 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Electron multiplier |
US4446401A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1984-05-01 | Rca Corporation | Photomultiplier tube having improved count-rate stability |
US4415832A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-11-15 | Rca Corporation | Electron multiplier having an improved planar utlimate dynode and planar anode structure for a photomultiplier tube |
US5656807A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-08-12 | Packard; Lyle E. | 360 degrees surround photon detector/electron multiplier with cylindrical photocathode defining an internal detection chamber |
-
1936
- 1936-11-20 US US111810A patent/US2160798A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1936-11-20 US US111796A patent/US2134718A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1936-11-20 US US111808A patent/US2160796A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1936-11-20 US US111809A patent/US2160797A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1937
- 1937-07-22 FR FR824648D patent/FR824648A/en not_active Expired
- 1937-08-26 US US160997A patent/US2236041A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1937-08-31 US US161747A patent/US2160799A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1937-11-12 GB GB31090/37A patent/GB500447A/en not_active Expired
- 1937-11-12 GB GB31091/37A patent/GB500448A/en not_active Expired
- 1937-11-19 GB GB31885/37A patent/GB505663A/en not_active Expired
- 1937-11-26 US US176566A patent/US2245605A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1938
- 1938-05-04 US US205931A patent/US2245624A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1938-07-14 GB GB20896/38A patent/GB500170A/en not_active Expired
- 1938-07-18 GB GB21222/38A patent/GB502528A/en not_active Expired
- 1938-07-26 FR FR49655D patent/FR49655E/en not_active Expired
- 1938-08-18 NL NL89371A patent/NL49799C/xx active
- 1938-11-14 FR FR49980D patent/FR49980E/fr not_active Expired
- 1938-11-16 DE DE1938W0003971 patent/DE886343C/en not_active Expired
- 1938-11-18 GB GB33529/38A patent/GB521077A/en not_active Expired
- 1938-11-23 CH CH208067D patent/CH208067A/en unknown
- 1938-11-26 BE BE431298D patent/BE431298A/xx unknown
-
1939
- 1939-05-01 CH CH214485D patent/CH214485A/en unknown
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3039016A (en) * | 1957-07-06 | 1962-06-12 | Emi Ltd | Electrodes |
US3191086A (en) * | 1960-11-23 | 1965-06-22 | Radames K H Gebel | Secondary emission multiplier intensifier image orthicon |
US3253182A (en) * | 1961-11-03 | 1966-05-24 | Philips Corp | Slotted electrode for an electron multiplier tube |
DE1229197B (en) * | 1961-11-03 | 1966-11-24 | Philips Nv | Blind-like electrode for an electron multiplier and electron multiplier provided with two or more such electrodes |
US3872337A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1975-03-18 | Emi Ltd | Electron multiplier formed by twisting fingers in parallel plates |
US3944867A (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1976-03-16 | Zenith Radio Corporation | Shadow mask having ribs bounding rectangular apertures |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB505663A (en) | 1939-05-16 |
FR49980E (en) | 1939-09-29 |
US2160798A (en) | 1939-05-30 |
CH208067A (en) | 1939-12-31 |
US2160796A (en) | 1939-05-30 |
US2160799A (en) | 1939-05-30 |
US2160797A (en) | 1939-05-30 |
BE431298A (en) | 1939-01-31 |
FR49655E (en) | 1939-05-30 |
US2245624A (en) | 1941-06-17 |
US2134718A (en) | 1938-11-01 |
FR824648A (en) | 1938-02-14 |
GB500170A (en) | 1939-02-03 |
GB502528A (en) | 1939-03-20 |
GB521077A (en) | 1940-05-10 |
CH214485A (en) | 1941-04-30 |
GB500448A (en) | 1939-02-09 |
NL49799C (en) | 1941-01-15 |
US2245605A (en) | 1941-06-17 |
GB500447A (en) | 1939-02-09 |
DE886343C (en) | 1953-08-13 |
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