US2225997A - Ferrous alloy - Google Patents
Ferrous alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2225997A US2225997A US272715A US27271539A US2225997A US 2225997 A US2225997 A US 2225997A US 272715 A US272715 A US 272715A US 27271539 A US27271539 A US 27271539A US 2225997 A US2225997 A US 2225997A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- silicon
- titanium
- iron
- manganese
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 8
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical class [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
Definitions
- the alloys of the present invention are especially adapted for such parts as cylinder liners, piston rings, pistons, valves, valve guides, tappets, bearings and other parts ordinarily subjected to Wear.
- the alloys of my invention are composed of the following essential constitutents in approximately the proportions stated: 2.25-4.00% carbon, 1.50- 3.50% silicon, .05-.60% titanium, .60-l.25% phosphorus,'.30-l.00% manganese, balance iron.
- Ordinary impurities such as sulphur, etc., are present in minor amounts.
- the sulphur will ordinarily be present from a trace up to .12% and in some cases may be present in slightly higher amounts, say up to 20%.
- the impurities are such as not to unduly retard the beneficial effects of the essential constituents.
- a preferred narrower range of the essential constituents is as follows: 2.75-3.75% carbon, ZOO-3.20% silicon, .10-.45% titanium, .65-1.10% phosphorus, .40.80% manganese, balance iron.
- the alloys of my invei tion in addition to being score and wear resistant, are ordinarily comparatively easy to machine.
- the carbon and silicon content may be modified within the ranges given to suit the casting size and/or cooling rate in order to obtain extremely good machinability. It is common knowledge in the field of metallurgy that small castings by reason of their faster cooling rate will have more combined carbon and less graphitic carbon than will castings of large size when both are made of the same chemical composition. Higher combined carbon and less graphitic carbon will make machining more difficult, so that the composition must be modified to compensate for this condition. This may be done by adding more silicon, more carbon, or more of both silicon and carbon.
- compositions having the essential components in approximately the following proportions have been found by test to have especially desirable properties as regards wear resistance and allow some variation in other desirable physical properties.
- Example No. 3 35 3.19% carbon, 2.54% silicon, .4070 titanium, .82% phosphorus, .78% manganese, 52% chromium, balance iron.
- Example N0. 4 40 3.07% carbon, 2.40% silicon, 16% titanium, 1.02% phosphorus, .58% manganese, 20% chro mium, balance iron.
- the described alloys may be prepared in any suitable manner.
- titanium one convenient method of adding the same is in the form of a silicon titanium alioy.
- the titanium is added at a late stage in the melting process in order to avoid excessive oxidation.
- the silicon may also be added late if desired to obtain an iron of higher strength. Any suitable melting furnace may be used.
Description
Patented Dec. 24, 1940 siren sass Walter E. .lominy, Detroit, Mich assignor to Gen-- eral Motors iiorporation, t'letroit, Mich, a corporation oi Deiaware 4 Claims.
This application is a division of my copending application Serial No. 239,021, filed November 5, 1938; and relates to ferrous alloys and more particularly to cast iron compositions which have very good properties as regards wear resistance. The alloys in accordance with the present invention possess resistance to scoring characteristic of cast iron and have extra good properties as regards resistance to wear under severe conditions.
The alloys of the present invention are especially adapted for such parts as cylinder liners, piston rings, pistons, valves, valve guides, tappets, bearings and other parts ordinarily subjected to Wear.
The alloys of my invention are composed of the following essential constitutents in approximately the proportions stated: 2.25-4.00% carbon, 1.50- 3.50% silicon, .05-.60% titanium, .60-l.25% phosphorus,'.30-l.00% manganese, balance iron. Ordinary impurities such as sulphur, etc., are present in minor amounts. For example, the sulphur will ordinarily be present from a trace up to .12% and in some cases may be present in slightly higher amounts, say up to 20%. In any case the impurities are such as not to unduly retard the beneficial effects of the essential constituents.
A preferred narrower range of the essential constituents is as follows: 2.75-3.75% carbon, ZOO-3.20% silicon, .10-.45% titanium, .65-1.10% phosphorus, .40.80% manganese, balance iron.
In the applications of my invention claimed herein chromium within the range .502.00% is present.
The alloys of my invei tion, in addition to being score and wear resistant, are ordinarily comparatively easy to machine. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the carbon and silicon content may be modified within the ranges given to suit the casting size and/or cooling rate in order to obtain extremely good machinability. It is common knowledge in the field of metallurgy that small castings by reason of their faster cooling rate will have more combined carbon and less graphitic carbon than will castings of large size when both are made of the same chemical composition. Higher combined carbon and less graphitic carbon will make machining more difficult, so that the composition must be modified to compensate for this condition. This may be done by adding more silicon, more carbon, or more of both silicon and carbon.
Within the range of composition given it is possible in certain section sizes to obtain white (Cl. I26) irons which would, of course, be dilficult to machine.
It has been the general experience that the softer, more easily machined cast irons do not have good properties as regards wear resistance. 5 I have found that cast irons of the compositions given in Examples 1 and 2 below are comparatively quite soft as cast in bars 'M, x 7 x 12" in green sand molds. These compositions are easy to machine and resist wear extremely well. 10 The compositions of examples 3 and 4 in which chromium is present are not as readily machinable as are the compositions of Examples 1 and 2 In many instances specific properties in addition to these of wear resistance and score re- 15 sistance are required. Some of these are: high strength in sections of large sizes, good hardness near the center of large castings, castings which do not leak, cast iron which is easily melted in a cupola, or iron which hasv good fluidity at 20 ordinary casting temperatures, etc.
Compositions having the essential components in approximately the following proportions have been found by test to have especially desirable properties as regards wear resistance and allow some variation in other desirable physical properties.
Example No. 1
2.94% carbon, 3.18% silicon, .40% titanium, 33% phoshorus, .48% manganese, balance iron. 30
Example No. 2
3.19% carbon, 2.54% silicon, .40% titanium, .82% phosphorus, .78% manganese, balance iron.
Example No. 3 35 3.19% carbon, 2.54% silicon, .4070 titanium, .82% phosphorus, .78% manganese, 52% chromium, balance iron.
Example N0. 4 40 3.07% carbon, 2.40% silicon, 16% titanium, 1.02% phosphorus, .58% manganese, 20% chro mium, balance iron.
The described alloys may be prepared in any suitable manner. As regards titanium, one convenient method of adding the same is in the form of a silicon titanium alioy. Preferably, the titanium is added at a late stage in the melting process in order to avoid excessive oxidation. 59 The silicon may also be added late if desired to obtain an iron of higher strength. Any suitable melting furnace may be used.
, I claim:
1. An alloy composed of the following elements 55 as essential constituents in substantially the amounts stated: 2.25%-4.00% carbon, LSD-3.50% silicon, .05-.60% titanium, .60-1.'25% phosphorus, .30-1.00% manganese, .50-2.00% chromium, balance substantially all iron.
2. An alloy composed of the following elements as essential constituents in substantially the amounts stated: 2.75-3.75% carbon, ZOO-3.20% silicon, .10-.45% titanium, .65-1.10% phosphorus, .40-.80% manganese, .50-2.00% chromium, balance iron.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US272715A US2225997A (en) | 1938-11-05 | 1939-05-09 | Ferrous alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US239021A US2179695A (en) | 1938-11-05 | 1938-11-05 | Ferrous alloy |
US272715A US2225997A (en) | 1938-11-05 | 1939-05-09 | Ferrous alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2225997A true US2225997A (en) | 1940-12-24 |
Family
ID=26932194
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US272715A Expired - Lifetime US2225997A (en) | 1938-11-05 | 1939-05-09 | Ferrous alloy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2225997A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1061355B (en) * | 1952-05-15 | 1959-07-16 | Gen Motors Corp | Highly wear-resistant cast iron |
US3767386A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1973-10-23 | Kaisha K Uedasa Chuzo Sho | Compound cast-iron for making brake shoes |
-
1939
- 1939-05-09 US US272715A patent/US2225997A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1061355B (en) * | 1952-05-15 | 1959-07-16 | Gen Motors Corp | Highly wear-resistant cast iron |
US3767386A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1973-10-23 | Kaisha K Uedasa Chuzo Sho | Compound cast-iron for making brake shoes |
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