US2221783A - Addition agent and its use - Google Patents
Addition agent and its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2221783A US2221783A US243324A US24332438A US2221783A US 2221783 A US2221783 A US 2221783A US 243324 A US243324 A US 243324A US 24332438 A US24332438 A US 24332438A US 2221783 A US2221783 A US 2221783A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- addition agent
- aluminum
- iron
- addition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
- C22C35/005—Master alloys for iron or steel based on iron, e.g. ferro-alloys
Definitions
- Aluminum additions in the amounts, for the purposes, and in the manner described above, tend to produce a steel containing deleterious types and qualities of non-metallic inclusions. It has been proposed to substitute for the aluminum other agents, such as vanadium, or titanium, but none of these elements is entirely satisfactory. Vanadium is usually too expensive to add in an amount suflicient to produce the desired.
- a steel that is substantially free from deleterious, gaseous or solid non-metallic impurities and that has improved mechanical properties (including improved impact strength) and excellent fine grain characteristics is produced-by adding to the steel while it is molten in the ladle or otherwise shortly before casting, an addition agent containing 25% to 85% (preferably 35% to of silicon, remainder iron and at least two elements selected from the following two groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium,
- Iron is present as an impurity or diluent unavoidably introduced in producing an economical and commercially practicable material, and should'not exceed about 65%.
- a preferred addition agent composition exceed 25% of the-composition of the addition contains 45% to silicon, 5% to l5%'aluminum, and 5% to 15% columbium, the remainder...
- the constituents of the addition agent are preferably prealloyed in'the form of a master alloy; but they may be unalloyed or only partiallyalloyed, and used in the form of a briquet of comminuted material. Also, some of the constituents thereof may suitably be in the form of easily reducible or decomposable compounds such as nitrides, nitrates or mixtures thereof. It is essential, however, that the constituents be closely associated, because successive additions do not yield the tion.
- the more complex the addition improved results of the inven- V agent that is, the greater the number of deoxiof the addition agent may be varied. If lessgrain refinement is required, part of the silicon required for deoxidizing may be added as' the agent of the invention and part as ordinary'ferrosilicon, and if more grain-refinement is-required, the action of the addition agent may be supplemented by an addition of aluminum or other grain refiner.
- the desired compositio n may be added to the steel in any well known manner, for example, in the furnace, in the ladle, or in the molten of the several constituents separately to the steel stream during pouring.
- an agent containing less than No. 6 or Nu. '7 may readily be procured in steels treated according to a method of the invention.
- grain size refers to austenitic or inherent grain size determined by the McQuaid-Ehn carburizing test conducted at a temperature of 925 C. for 8 hours, as defined by the A. S. T. M. specification E 1933.
- the degree of grain refinement or deoxidation of the steel per unit of addition agent added will vary, not only with the combination of elements selected, but also with the type of steel being treated, so that the total amount of agent to be added to the steel for best results must be determined by trial. Ordinarily, this total amount of agent will be less than 5%, and most frequently less than 1%.
- the addition agents of this invention are especially useful in the treatment of steels which are to be hot worked, the invention is also applicable to the treatment of steels which are to be employed as castings. Used for the latter purpose, it has been found that, in many instances, the characteristics of the casting may be improved if the material of the invention is added in an amount which is sufficient to deoxidize the metal, yet is insuflicient to develop harmful inclusions.
- Steels treated according to the invention are sound, substantially free from excessive non-metallic inclusions, and possess improved ductility and shock resistance. Further, the few inclusions distributed throughout such steels are more uniform than diverse, that is, the majority of the inclusions which usually accompany any deoxidizing treatment'that produces small grain size are not noticeable in the steels deoxidized in accordance with the invention until a higher degree of grain refinement is attained than that attainable by the addition of aluminum alone.
- a method of treating molten ferrous metal which comprises adding to the molten ferrous metal a grain refining amount less than 1% of an addition agent consisting of 25% to 85% sili con, iron, and at least one element selected from each of the following groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; the total percentage of elements from each group being between 3% and 20%.
- a method of treating molten ferrous metal which comprises adding to the molten ferrous metal a grain refining amount less than 1% of an addition agent consisting of 25% to silicon, iron, and at least one element selected from each of the following groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; the total percentage of elements from each group being between 3% and 20%, and the sum of the elements of both of said groups being at least 10% and not exceeding 25% by more than 5% for each of said elements above two.
- an addition agent consisting of 25% to silicon, iron, and at least one element selected from each of the following groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; the total percentage of elements from each group being between 3% and 20%, and the sum of the elements of both of said groups being at least 10% and not exceeding 25% by more than 5% for each of said elements above two
- a method of treating molten ferrous metal which comprises adding to the molten ferrous metal a grain refining amount less than 1% of an addition agent containing 35% to 55% silicon; 3% to 20% of at least one element selected from the group beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; 3% to 20% of at least one element selected from the group vanadium, columbium, and tantalum;rand the remainder iron.
- a method of deoxidizing molten iron or steel which comprises adding to the molten iron or steel a grain refining amount less than 1% of an addition agent containing 35% to 55% silicon, 3% to 20% aluminum, 3% to 20% columbium; and the remainder iron.
- a composition of matter suitable for use as an addition agent for treating molten ferrous metal, consisting substantially of 25% to silicon, iron, and at least one element selected from each of the following groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; the total percentage of elements from each group being between 3% and 6.
- a composition of matter for use as an addition agent for treating molten ferrous metal containing 35% to 55% silicon; 3% -to 20% of at least one element selected from the group beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; 3% to 20% of at least one element selected from the group vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; and the remainder iron.
- An addition agent for deoxidizing molten iron or steel containing 35% to 55% silicon; 3% to 20% aluminum, 3% to 20% columbium; the remainder iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 19, 1940 James H. Critchett, Douglaston, and Walter Crafts, Niagara Falls, N. Y., assignors to Electro Metallurgical Company, a corporation of West Virginia No Drawing. Original application April 14,1938, Serial No, 201,931. Divided and this application December 1, 1938, Serial No. 243,324.
May 9,1940
Renewed 8 Claims. (01. 75-58) Theinvention relates to the treatment of molten iron and steel to promote a fine grain structure and freedom from deleterious impurities. This application is a division of our application Serial No. 201,931, filed April 14, 1938.
During manufacture, steels become contaminated with certain oxides and occluded gases, which, if not substantially removed or rendered innocuous, detrimentally affect the soundness and physical properties of the finished steel. To overcome the deleterious eflects of such impurities, an addition of ferrosilicon or ferromanganese, or both, as deoxidizers, is usually made to the steel shortly before casting into ingots orv other shapes. For further deoxidation, and to provide an inherently fine-grained steel having inhibited, grain growth tendencies at elevated temperatures, a later addition of aluminum is often made to the molten steel.
Aluminum additions,"in the amounts, for the purposes, and in the manner described above, tend to produce a steel containing deleterious types and qualities of non-metallic inclusions. It has been proposed to substitute for the aluminum other agents, such as vanadium, or titanium, but none of these elements is entirely satisfactory. Vanadium is usually too expensive to add in an amount suflicient to produce the desired.
. results, and titanium asyheretofore used tends to produce a steel containing numerous objectionable non-metallic impurities.
According to.the present invention, a steel that is substantially free from deleterious, gaseous or solid non-metallic impurities and that has improved mechanical properties (including improved impact strength) and excellent fine grain characteristics is produced-by adding to the steel while it is molten in the ladle or otherwise shortly before casting, an addition agent containing 25% to 85% (preferably 35% to of silicon, remainder iron and at least two elements selected from the following two groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium,
and tantalum, at least one element being present from each group, each in an amount at least 3%. Iron is present as an impurity or diluent unavoidably introduced in producing an economical and commercially practicable material, and should'not exceed about 65%.
- described is preferably atleast 10% but not over of the composition of the addition agent. If the number of elements in said mixture is only two.
The total amount of the elements selected from the groups herein agent, and if such number is more than two, said total amount preferably exceeds 25% by not more than 5% for each of said elements above A preferred addition agent composition exceed 25% of the-composition of the addition contains 45% to silicon, 5% to l5%'aluminum, and 5% to 15% columbium, the remainder...
iron.
The constituents of the addition agent are preferably prealloyed in'the form of a master alloy; but they may be unalloyed or only partiallyalloyed, and used in the form of a briquet of comminuted material. Also, some of the constituents thereof may suitably be in the form of easily reducible or decomposable compounds such as nitrides, nitrates or mixtures thereof. It is essential, however, that the constituents be closely associated, because successive additions do not yield the tion.
In general, the more complex the addition improved results of the inven- V agent, that is, the greater the number of deoxiof the addition agent may be varied. If lessgrain refinement is required, part of the silicon required for deoxidizing may be added as' the agent of the invention and part as ordinary'ferrosilicon, and if more grain-refinement is-required, the action of the addition agent may be supplemented by an addition of aluminum or other grain refiner.
The desired compositio n may be added to the steel in any well known manner, for example, in the furnace, in the ladle, or in the molten of the several constituents separately to the steel stream during pouring. When adding the addition agent to the steel either in the ladle or in i the molten stream, an agent containing less than No. 6 or Nu. '7 may readily be procured in steels treated according to a method of the invention. Throughout the present specification, grain size refers to austenitic or inherent grain size determined by the McQuaid-Ehn carburizing test conducted at a temperature of 925 C. for 8 hours, as defined by the A. S. T. M. specification E 1933. The degree of grain refinement or deoxidation of the steel per unit of addition agent added will vary, not only with the combination of elements selected, but also with the type of steel being treated, so that the total amount of agent to be added to the steel for best results must be determined by trial. Ordinarily, this total amount of agent will be less than 5%, and most frequently less than 1%.
While the addition agents of this invention are especially useful in the treatment of steels which are to be hot worked, the invention is also applicable to the treatment of steels which are to be employed as castings. Used for the latter purpose, it has been found that, in many instances, the characteristics of the casting may be improved if the material of the invention is added in an amount which is sufficient to deoxidize the metal, yet is insuflicient to develop harmful inclusions.
Steels treated according to the invention are sound, substantially free from excessive non-metallic inclusions, and possess improved ductility and shock resistance. Further, the few inclusions distributed throughout such steels are more uniform than diverse, that is, the majority of the inclusions which usually accompany any deoxidizing treatment'that produces small grain size are not noticeable in the steels deoxidized in accordance with the invention until a higher degree of grain refinement is attained than that attainable by the addition of aluminum alone.
We claim:
1. A method of treating molten ferrous metal which comprises adding to the molten ferrous metal a grain refining amount less than 1% of an addition agent consisting of 25% to 85% sili con, iron, and at least one element selected from each of the following groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; the total percentage of elements from each group being between 3% and 20%.
2. A method of treating molten ferrous metal which comprises adding to the molten ferrous metal a grain refining amount less than 1% of an addition agent consisting of 25% to silicon, iron, and at least one element selected from each of the following groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; the total percentage of elements from each group being between 3% and 20%, and the sum of the elements of both of said groups being at least 10% and not exceeding 25% by more than 5% for each of said elements above two.
3. A method of treating molten ferrous metal which comprises adding to the molten ferrous metal a grain refining amount less than 1% of an addition agent containing 35% to 55% silicon; 3% to 20% of at least one element selected from the group beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; 3% to 20% of at least one element selected from the group vanadium, columbium, and tantalum;rand the remainder iron.
4. A method of deoxidizing molten iron or steel which comprises adding to the molten iron or steel a grain refining amount less than 1% of an addition agent containing 35% to 55% silicon, 3% to 20% aluminum, 3% to 20% columbium; and the remainder iron.
5. A composition of matter, suitable for use as an addition agent for treating molten ferrous metal, consisting substantially of 25% to silicon, iron, and at least one element selected from each of the following groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; the total percentage of elements from each group being between 3% and 6. A composition of matter for use as an addition agent for treating molten ferrous metal, containing 25% to 65% silicon, iron, and at least one element selected from each of the following groups: (1) beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; (2) vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; the total percentage of elements from each group being in an amount between 3% and 20%, and the sum of the elements of both of said groups being at least 10% and not exceeding 25% by more than 5% for each of said elements above two.
'7. A composition of matter for use as an addition agent for treating molten ferrous metal, containing 35% to 55% silicon; 3% -to 20% of at least one element selected from the group beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, boron, and aluminum; 3% to 20% of at least one element selected from the group vanadium, columbium, and tantalum; and the remainder iron.
8. An addition agent for deoxidizing molten iron or steel, containing 35% to 55% silicon; 3% to 20% aluminum, 3% to 20% columbium; the remainder iron.
' JAMES H. CRITCHETT.
WALTER CRAFIS.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201931A US2221781A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-04-14 | Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel |
US201933A US2168561A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-04-14 | Treating molten iron and steel with addition agents |
US242325A US2269407A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-12-01 | Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel |
US243324A US2221783A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-12-01 | Addition agent and its use |
GB6368/39A GB525706A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1939-02-27 | Improvements in treating molten iron or steel and addition agents therefor |
FR853100D FR853100A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1939-04-14 | Adding agent for molten ferrous metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201931A US2221781A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-04-14 | Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel |
US201933A US2168561A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-04-14 | Treating molten iron and steel with addition agents |
US242325A US2269407A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-12-01 | Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel |
US243324A US2221783A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-12-01 | Addition agent and its use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2221783A true US2221783A (en) | 1940-11-19 |
Family
ID=42198960
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US201931A Expired - Lifetime US2221781A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-04-14 | Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel |
US201933A Expired - Lifetime US2168561A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-04-14 | Treating molten iron and steel with addition agents |
US242325A Expired - Lifetime US2269407A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-12-01 | Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel |
US243324A Expired - Lifetime US2221783A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-12-01 | Addition agent and its use |
Family Applications Before (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US201931A Expired - Lifetime US2221781A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-04-14 | Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel |
US201933A Expired - Lifetime US2168561A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-04-14 | Treating molten iron and steel with addition agents |
US242325A Expired - Lifetime US2269407A (en) | 1938-04-14 | 1938-12-01 | Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US2221781A (en) |
FR (1) | FR853100A (en) |
GB (1) | GB525706A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3308515A (en) * | 1962-10-29 | 1967-03-14 | Gordon K Turnbull | Method for cast grain refinement of steel |
US3375105A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1968-03-26 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Method for the production of fine grained steel |
US3527597A (en) * | 1962-08-31 | 1970-09-08 | British Cast Iron Res Ass | Carbide suppressing silicon base inoculant for cast iron containing metallic strontium and method of using same |
US4666516A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1987-05-19 | Elkem Metals Company | Gray cast iron inoculant |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1336858A (en) * | 1962-07-27 | 1963-09-06 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Alloys containing rare earth metals |
GB1005163A (en) * | 1963-08-10 | 1965-09-22 | British Cast Iron Res Ass | Improvements in the manufacture of inoculants for cast irons |
US3635770A (en) * | 1964-05-20 | 1972-01-18 | Hitachi Ltd | Alloy steels for use at low temperatures |
US3411897A (en) * | 1965-09-08 | 1968-11-19 | Concast Inc | Method for continuous casting of rimming steel |
DE1288792B (en) * | 1966-01-26 | 1969-02-06 | Elektrometallurgie Gmbh | Ferrotitanium alloy |
US3544310A (en) * | 1968-03-01 | 1970-12-01 | Nippon Denko | Process for the production of alloys used as additive in the production of spheroidal graphite cast irons |
AT377287B (en) * | 1982-04-13 | 1985-02-25 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | COLD-STRENGING AUSTENITIC MANGANIC STEEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
NO310980B1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-09-24 | Elkem Materials | Process for grain refining of steel, grain refining alloy for steel and process for the production of grain refining alloy |
MX2013000121A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2013-05-22 | Mcconway & Torley Llc | Improved ferro-alloys. |
CN109321812A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-12 | 辽宁科技学院 | A method of steel additive agent is prepared by raw material of steel scrap |
NO20210412A1 (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-03 | Elkem Materials | Ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, production of a ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, and the use thereof |
NO20210413A1 (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-03 | Elkem Materials | Ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, production of a ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, and the use thereof |
-
1938
- 1938-04-14 US US201931A patent/US2221781A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1938-04-14 US US201933A patent/US2168561A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1938-12-01 US US242325A patent/US2269407A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1938-12-01 US US243324A patent/US2221783A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1939
- 1939-02-27 GB GB6368/39A patent/GB525706A/en not_active Expired
- 1939-04-14 FR FR853100D patent/FR853100A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3527597A (en) * | 1962-08-31 | 1970-09-08 | British Cast Iron Res Ass | Carbide suppressing silicon base inoculant for cast iron containing metallic strontium and method of using same |
US3308515A (en) * | 1962-10-29 | 1967-03-14 | Gordon K Turnbull | Method for cast grain refinement of steel |
US3375105A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1968-03-26 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Method for the production of fine grained steel |
US4666516A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1987-05-19 | Elkem Metals Company | Gray cast iron inoculant |
US4749549A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1988-06-07 | Elkem Metals Company | Gray cast iron inoculant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US2221781A (en) | 1940-11-19 |
US2269407A (en) | 1942-01-06 |
US2168561A (en) | 1939-08-08 |
GB525706A (en) | 1940-09-03 |
FR853100A (en) | 1940-03-09 |
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