US2215406A - Engine governor - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 17, 1940. E P. PAXMAN 2,215,406

ENGINE GOVERNOR Filed Jan. 13, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR EDWARD P. PAXMAN ATTORNEYS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 E. P. PAXMAN ENGINE GOVERNOR Filed Jan. 13, 1939 a T aw 1 Sept. 17, 1940.

INVENTOR EDWARD P PAXMAN BY UM ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 17, 1940 PATENT o F ca ENGINE GOVERNOR Edward Philip Paxman, Colchester, England Application January 13, 1939, Serial No. 250,835

In Great Britain July 8, 1938 8 Claims.

controlling the operations of a fuel pump, steam valve or other engine component.

According to the invention a governor for an internal combustion or other engine is provided wherein the manual control of a rotating governor is exercised through the intermediary of an oil or other servo device, while thegovernor variations due to engine speed are transmitted through a second servo device to a fuel pump or 15v other component whose operations are to be controlled.

According to one form of the invention a governor for'an internal combustion engine is provided wherein a rotating governor device is 2Q provided with a servo piston device adapted to assist the action of the rotating governor to act upon the fuel pump in such manner as to increase the supply of fuel when the engine speed falls and wherein a. manually operated servo operations of the said servo governor.

tion an engine governor is provided comprising 30 rotating governor weights, a sleeve valve responsleeve surrounding said sleeve valve and carrying a piston movable in a cylinder under fluid pressure, connections between said piston sleeve and a component to be controlled, a manually operated sleeve valve adapted to control the admission of pressure fluid to a cylinder to operate a piston whose movement is transmitted through a spring assembly, a floating piston and a lever to the first mentioned sleeve valve.

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings which illustrate the application of the invention to a Diesel engine and in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation showing the parts in the rest position and 1 I a I Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation'similar to Fig. 1 showing the parts in an operative position.

In the construction illustrated the manual control of a pair of rotating governor weights I is exercised through the intermediary of an oil servo device enclosed within a cylinder 2, while the governor variations due to engine speed are transmitted through a servo device enclosed within a cylinder 3 to a fuel pump rack to increase, limit or cut off the fuel supply.

deviceis also provided to control at will the sive to the movements of said weights, a ported The manual control is applied through a rocking lever 4 whose movement depresses or raises a spindle 5 formed integral with a hollow ported sleeve valve 6 disposed axially within the cylinder 2 and extending through the base of that cylinder into an oil reservoir 1. Surrounding the sleeve valve 8 is a piston 8 movableby the action of an assembly of springs 9 I0 and II, whose upper ends bear against anupper floating piston 12, movable freely relatively to the spindle 5 within the cylinder 2.

The piston 8 is formed integral with a sleeve l3 which extends between the sleeve valve 6 and the base l4 of cylinder 2 into the oil reservoir 1.

' Oil under pressure is supplied through a pipe to an annular space l6 surrounding the sleeve l3 which has ports H which can be placed in communication by ports l8 in the valve 6 to enable the oil under pressure to enter the base of cylinder '2 through the upper ports ll to operate the piston 8. -The sleeve valve 6 is also formed with ports I9 andthrough which oil can escape from the base of the cylinder2 through the central passage in the valve 6 to the reservoir I. At the extreme upper end of the central passage in the valve 6 is a port 2| to permit any oil which has leaked into the upper part of cylinder 2 to pass back into the reservoir I.

The oil inlet space l6fis connected by passages 22 to ports23 in a sleeve 24 formed integral with a pistonzii movable within the second servo cylinder 3. Within the sleeve 24 is a hollow valve member 26 whichhas a necked portion 21 which, in conjunction with a counter bore 28 in sleeve 24, allows oil to flow from the ports 23 to ports 29 in the sleeve 24 and enter the space above piston which is thereby moved downwardly. The valve member 26 is also formed with ports 30 through which oil can enter the central passagein the said valve member and escape. The base of the sleeve valve 26 rests upon a ball thrust race 3| which, in turn, is supported by the inwardly directed toes-32 of the governor weights I. These weights are freely movable about spindles 33 carried in a cup 34 mounted on a sleeve 35 driven through bevel gearing 36 fromthe engine shaft in the usual manner.

The upper end of the piston sleeve 24 is connected to a bell crank 31 which in turn is connected to the control rack of the fuel pump or pumps, to vary the amount of fuel supplied to the engine cylinders.

'by one end of a lever 36 pivotally mounted at 39 on a part of the housing and hearing at its opposite end upon the top of the floating piston I2.

The operation of the arrangement above described is as follows:

While the engine speed remains constant, all moving parts of the governor and of the servo devices will be in a state of equilibrium and any leakage of oil which may take place past the pistons 8 and 25 and valves 6 and 26 which would alter the positions of these components is automatically counteracted by the oil under pressure from the main lubricating system. When the engine speed falls, the governor weights I will move inwards by an amount depending upon the lessened centrifugal force acting upon them and due to the pressure exerted by the springs 9, I6 and II acting through the lever 38 which in such conditions moves the valve 26 downwards. As this movement takes place the necked portion 21 of the valve passes below the upper edge of the counter bore 28 in the sleeve 24 and allows oil to flow by way of passage 22, through the passage surrounding the neck 21, the passage formed by the counter bore 28 and ports 29-to the annular space above the piston 25, forcing this piston and the sleeve 24 downwards until the oil supply is cut off by the counter bore 28 being moved out of alignment with the neck 21. The position of the parts, when oil is entering the cylinder 2 is shown in Fig. 2. The downward movement of the piston 25 and its sleeve 24 also causes the bell crank lever 31 to act on the control rack of the fuel pump or pumps to admit more fuel to the engine cylinders which, in turn, will restore the speed or take up the additional load which caused the speed to fall.

When the engine speed rises, the outward movement of the governor weights I causes the valve 26 to move upwards within the sleeve 24 uncovering the ports 30 and connecting the space above the piston 25 with the internal passage in the valve. 26, thereby relieving the oil pressure above the piston and leaving itfree to rise under the action of a spring forming part of the fuel pump mechanism which tends to move the fuel pump rack in a direction to limit or cut off the fuel supply to the engine cylinders. During this movement the oil from the space above the piston 25 passes through the ports 25 and 30 and returns to the source of supply. The upward movement of the piston 25 can continue only so long as the ports 36 are uncovered as any tendency to move beyond this point is arrested by the oil above the piston being trapped in the upper part of the cylinder 3. p

The movements of the valves and pistons follow one another so rapidly as to produce a continuous motion so long as forces are exerted upon them by the action of the, governor weights I, the springs 9, Ill and II, and the pressure of oil from the main lubricating system and the governor as a whole responds instantly to the slightest change in speed of the engine. In the event of failure of the oil pressure in the main engine lubricating system, the normal slight leakage past the sealing edges of the valves is not 'made up and, in consequence, the piston 25 will rise in the manner described and the engine will stop, the servo governor thus operating as a safety device.

The operations above described can also be a component to be controlled, a second servo eflected by the manually controlled servo device.

If it is desired to increase the speed of the engine the manual control is operated to raise the spindle 5 and valve 6 thereby allowing oil under pressure to flow through the lower port I1, port I6 and the upper port II into the base of cylinder 2 (see Fig. 2) to force the piston 6 upwards and place the springs 9, III and II under increased compression. This operation reacts on the floating piston I2 which is lifted to rock the lever 36 in a clockwise direction and depress the valve member 26 until its lower end acting through the thrust race 3i bears on the toes of the weights I and forces them inwards. operation brings the neck 21 into a position in which oil can pass through ports 23 and 29 into the upper portion of cylinder 3 to move the piston 25 downwards. The simultaneous down- .ward movement of the sleeve 24 causes, as already press the spindle 5 and valve 6. This has the effect 'of removing the'pressure from below the springs 9, I0 and II and from the floating piston so that the spring which normally tends to close the fuel pump inlets can operate and in doing so rock the bell crank lever 31 in a direction which tends to raise the valve member 26 and relieve the oil pressure above the piston 25. I This hand control arrangement can be extended by forming the hand lever which operates the lever I as part of the control gear for a boat, automobile, or other engine so that as the main control wheel or lever is moved to various positions such as ahead, neutral or reverse, the said servo device is operated at the appropriate times and to the required extent.

Although in the foregoing description an oil servo device is referred to any other fluid, such for example as air or gas could-be employed.

I claim:

1 An engine governor comprising rotating governor weights, a sleeve valve responsive to the movements of said weights, 9. ported sleeve surrounding said sleeve valve, a piston carried by said sleeve, a cylinder in which said piston is movable by fluid pressure under control of said sleeve valve, connections between said piston sleeve and. a component to be controlled, 9. second cylinder, 9. fluid operable piston and a floating piston movable in said second cylinder; a manually operable sleeve valve adapted to control the admission of pressure fluid to said second cylinder to operate the fluid operable piston therein, a lever connecting said floating piston to the first mentioned sleeve-valve, and a spring assembly interposed between said piston in said second cylinder for transmitting movement from said last named fluid operable piston through said floating piston and lever to the first mentioned sleeve valve.

2. An engine governor comprising a rotating governor mechanism, a governor valve responsive to the movements of said mechanism, a servo device surrounding and cooperative with said valve. means for connecting said servo device to spring means disposed between said pistons to 75' This other a progressively increasing resistance to fluid pressure applied to said fluid operable piston, and means for transmitting movement from said second servo device to the governor valve. 7

' 3. An engine governor according to claim 2.

'wherein said second servo device comprises a fluid pressure operative piston and a floating piston mounted in said cylinder and said spring means comprises an assembly of springs disposed between said' pistons. and wherein said means for controlling the admission of pressure fluid to said cylinder comprises a manually operable valve which is operative to cause pressure fluid to act upon said fluid pressure operative piston the resulting movement of which is transmitted through said springs and the floating piston proportionately to the governor valve controlling the movement of the flrst mentioned servo device.

4. An engine governor according to claim wherein said means for controlling the admission of pressure fluid to said cylinder comprises a manually operable valve which embodies an axially movable sleeve valve operative to control the passage of fluid under pressure to the base .0!

the cylinder in which said pistons are mounted.

5. An engine governor according to claim 2, wherein said governor valve comprises a hollow ported sleeve valve and one oi the pistons in said cylinder is a floating piston which is movable by said fluid operable piston through said spring means, and a rocking lever for transmitting the movements oi said floating piston to said sleeve valve.

6. An engine governor according to claim 2, wherein the first mentioned servo device comprises a piston and a sleeve which carries said piston, and said governor valve comprises a hoilow ported sleeve valve which is concentric with said piston sleeve and the axis of rotation oi said governor mechanism and cooperates with ports in the piston sleeve to admit fluid under pressure to one side oi the piston oi the flrst mentioned servo device. 7

'7; An engine governor according to claim 2, wherein the flrst mentioned servo device comprises a piston and a sleeve which carries said piston, and said governor valve comprises a hollow ported sleeve valve which is concentric with said piston sleeve and the axis of rotation of the governor mechanism and cooperates with ports in the piston sleeve to admit fluid under pressure to one side oi. the. piston oi the flrst mentioned servo device, and wherein means is carried by an end of said piston sleeve for operatively connecting it to acomponent to be controlled.

8. An engine governor according to claim 2, wherein the first mentioned servo device comprises a piston and a sleeve which carries said piston, and said governor. valve comprises a hollow ported sleeve valve which is concentric with said piston sleeve and the axis of rotation of the governor mechanism and cooperates with ports in the piston sleeve to admit fluid under pressure to one side oi the piston oi the first mentioned servo device. said governor mechanism comprising weights having inwardly directed portions on which the base of said sleeve valve is supported so that the axialposition 0! said sleeve valve varies according to the engine speed.

EDWARD PHILIP ram.

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