US2214676A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 10, 1940.

E. J. LATTNER BOILER Filed Sept. 10, 1937 *INVENTOR. EVE/P7 J. LATT/VER A TTORNEY 7 xaz Patented Sept. 10, 1940 Emert J. Lattner, Cedarltapids, Iowa Application September 10, 1937, Serial No. 163,238

1 Claim. This invention relates to boilers and particularly to the structure of the water jackets and casings for such boilers.

In all the conventionaltypes of boilers, the hot gases pass through an area completely surrounded by water with the result that the gases in their travel contact surfaces not warmer than steam temperature, causing condensation of the gases and accumulation of carbon. Furthermore, the conventional types of boilers havenot been compactand efficient and easy toassemble and disassemble. f

I have found that in the process of heat transfer from gases to solids such as water jackets, boiler linings and the lik the efficiency of heat transfer is greater if a given volume of gases have passed over the's'urfaces at high velocity than if the same volume of gases pass over the surfaces at low velocities.

- In the low velocity condition, it is probable that the efficiency of heat transfer is cut down be:

cause the layer of gasadjacent the water jacket transfers its heat and then acts as an insulating medium to prevent the heat transfer from gases at a distance from the surface.

It is, therefore, a general object of my invention to improve the efliciency of a boiler by cutting down the condensation of the gases and thereby materially reducing the accumulation of carbon.

Another object of my invention is to provide a.

means associated'with and adjacent the water jacket which will attain a high temperature and act to transfer heat tothe' water jacket and reduce' the accumulation of carbon.

Another objector 'my invention is to provide I means for increasing'the eiiiciencyof heat transfer ina boiler.

Still another-objectof y invention is to pro-. vide' means for selectively speedin up the velocity of heated gases as they pass over the water jacket 01' a boiler.

Other objects of my invention are "to provide a new and .improved boiler which shall attain high efficiency, which shalloccupy relatively small space, which can readily be serviced and repaired and which is inexpensive to manufacture and maintain.

It is a feature of my invention that the velocity of gases is materially increased at the points where heat transfer to the water in the boiler takes place. I

It is another feature of my invention that the inner lining of the casing adjacent the outer surface of the water Jacket is comprised of a heat bolts IT. The plate I6 affords a supportfor the;

absorbing and retaining material to thus maintain the temperature of the gases and prevent the accumulation of carbon. I Other and further features and objectsof the invention will be more apparent to those skilled 5 in the art upon a consideration of the accompanying drawing and following specification, "wherein is disclosed a single embodiment of the invention, with the understanding, however, that such changes may be made therein as fall within lO' the scope of the appendedclaim, without depart ing fromthe spirit of the invention. In said drawing the figure is a view in perspec tive illustrating a boiler constructed according to e b the unit has been cut away to illustrate the parts thereof to better advantage. II v I While I have illustrated my invention as em"-' bodied in a unit suitable for use with an oil 1 burner, it is quite obvious that the principles ,dis- 2 0 closed are applicable toja much wider rangeoff 1 structures. I II I I I I The heat generating mean may be an oil burner, a gas burner, a stoker, or hand fired furnace. While the boiler is shown in a vertical posi- I tion,-it is quite apparent that it could arranged in a horizontal positionas well. I

Referring now to the drawing, the unit here' easily: be.

' shown is mounted upon arectangular base 0 and I employs a substantially rectangular ornamental '30 casing or cabinet II for housing the boiler. This housing is surmounted by'a caplor cover I 2 which may readily be removed 'to expose the interior of j the unit.

The device here shown embodies a on burner '35 l3 which is bolted to a framework includingthe I I cover 14 and a supporting'pl'ate [6. The cover is bolted to the front of the cabinet I I by means of.

combustion chamber'fire box" l8 and, in the em 40 bodiment here I shown, this firebox is a molded member frus'toconical in form at thedischar'gef end 'of the manifold of the oil burneras illus* trated at Ilia andcylindrical'at'the portion which isin'side of'the boiler; as illustrated at I81). 'I'h' 15 fire box IE is insulated from the cover M by means of a layer of insulating material indicated at l9.

I I preferably provide an insulating layer of low temperature insulation such as mineral wool at 2| inside of and adjacent to the wall of the casing II. A high temperature insulation lining of material such as Super X or the like is employed inside of the low temperature insulation. This high temperature insulation is indicated at 22.

odiment of my invention. A portion of The water chamber of 'jacket is indicated generally-at 23. The boiler is preferably constructed with an inner wall 230, the cross sectional area of which is reduced from bottonr to top,

I for a purpose hereinafter set forth, and having a ring-like cap or dome 23b and a cylindrical outer 'wall 23c. The flame from the burner fills the fire box I8!) and the interior of the boiler forms a secondary combustion chamber indilo cated generally at 24. The inner wall of the boiler is constricted in order to increase the velocity of the gases as they pass over the water Jacket to thereby secure the most rapid heat transfer. 7 j

The inner side of the high temperature insulation 22 is lined with a metal sheet, as indicated at 26, and the spacing of this inner lining with the cylindrical outer wall 230 of the boiler 23 is such that a further increase in velocity of gases is obtained thereby obtaining a very rapid heat transfer from the gases to the shell of the water compartment 23 and to theinner lining26. The heat absorbed by the metal inner lining is radiated to the shell of 25 the water compartment where the heat is given up to the water in the boiler. The metal sheet 26 takes on flame and gas temperatures, not only assisting-by radiation to heat the water in the water jacket, but also to prevent conden- 80 sation of the gases and deposit of carbon. Com-. bustion of the gases is maintained by the lining 26 even after they leave the combustion chamber.

In order to insure even or distributed flow of I the heated gases over the inner and outer surfaces of the boiler, I provide a ring-like chamber 21 at the bottom of the outside wall of the boiler, the chamber 21 being preferably enlarged by leaving out a portion of the insulation 22.

40 The temperatures at this point are relatively --much lower than in the combustion chamber and the high temperature insulation is not so necessary at this point, although ofcourse, the insulation used must be sumciently heat resistant that it will not be injured by the highest temperature it is likely to meet. The chamber 21 extends entirely around the boiler, but is of course, reduced at the point 21a. where the manifold enters the fire box. The gases pass outwardly from the chamber 21 through the stack 28. v

The device illustrated at 3i is an inspection conduit covered by the cap 32. The device illustrated at 33 is a thermostat having the heat responsive element 331:. projecting into the chamber 34 above the boiler. The device illustrated at 35 is a water temperatureindicating device which is connected with the interior. of the boiler. Water is introduced into the boiler 30 through the conduit 35 and is discharged from the boiler through the conduit 81.

The entire unit is readily assembled and disassembled. The oil burner may be removed from the cover plate H merely by removing the bolts 5 It by which it is secured to the cover It. The

cover It and fire box I! may be removed as a unit by unscrewing the bolts ii. The inspection conduit II is readily disassembled and can be readily removed by reason oi the telescopic structure'oi the conduit. The water tempera- 5 ture indicator I4 and thermostat 33 are also readily removable. The boiler may be removed from the unit by taking of! the top l2 and lifting the entire boiler irominside the cabinet. In operation the greater part of the fuel 10 burns in the combustion chamber or fire box i8 and secondary combustion takes place in the chamber 24 above thefire box. The gases pass upwardly, as indicated by arrows, their rate of flow being increased by the constriction in 15 the inner wall of the boiler. The heated gases pass outward over the crown or cap of the boiler and down the outside wall of the boiler. The gases tend to spread evenly over the entire outside wall of the boiler by reason of the con- 2 striction afforded by the wall 26 and, after they have passed over the outer wall of the boiler, they pass' around the boiler in the channel 21 and out through the stack 28. The gases have given up the greater portion of their heat by 2 the time they reach the stack 28 and this heat is given up at the proper points with reference to the boiler, that is, at thednner and outer walls thereof. Both the inner and outer walls of the boiler are used. Space is conserved by 30 passing the gases upwardly and then downwardly over the outside of the boiler.

It is apparent that modifications of my in-- vention may be made by those skilled in the art. Such modifications may be made without 35 departing from the spirit and scope of my invention asset forth in the appended claim.

I claim as my invention:

In a boiler, an outer casing of heat insulating material, an inner casing also of heat in- 4 sulating material suspended from the inner wall of the outer casing at the upper portion thereof to thus afford a channel of greater area at the lower inner wall than at the upper inner wall, and a cylindrical water chamber adapted 5 to fit within the casing and to rest on the floor of the casing, the water chamber having a cylindrical outer wall and a curved ring-like cap, and having an inner wall the cross section of which is reduced from bottom to top, whereby m gases passing upwardly through the inner passageway thus formed increase in velocity as they flow upward, the spacing between the cylindrical portion of the water chamber and the double thickness wall of the casing being of 55 relatively smaller area than that of the inner. passageway, whereby the velocity of gases is still further speeded up and the single thickness of the outer casing at the lower portion thereof affording an enlarged passageway or equalizing chamber, whereby gases may pass around the lower portion of the water chamber in substantially horizontal direction to a stack opening.

EMERT J. LATINER.

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