US2202532A - Selenium plating of steel - Google Patents
Selenium plating of steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2202532A US2202532A US284092A US28409239A US2202532A US 2202532 A US2202532 A US 2202532A US 284092 A US284092 A US 284092A US 28409239 A US28409239 A US 28409239A US 2202532 A US2202532 A US 2202532A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- selenium
- plating
- seizing
- galling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 14
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title description 12
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/10—Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination
- H01L21/101—Application of the selenium or tellurium to the foundation plate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/54—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25D3/04 - C25D3/50
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in steels and is directed more particularly to the provision of austenitic steel or the like having surfaces adapted to withstand galling and seiz- According to the novel features of this invention, a novel surface for austenitic steels and the like and method of producing the same is provided so that said steel is capable of withstanding galling and seizing without the objections inherent in austenitic steels where selenium is used as a constituent thereof.
- ferro-selenium' in amounts of approximately .2% to .3% has been added as a constituent of austenitic steels in an attempt to provide material which would obviate seizing and galling but the. results have not been satisfactory for several reasons.
- selenium has produced steels which are not only dirty but it has appreciably lowered the impact value or at, least lowered said value to an objectionable extent. Furthermore, the selenium which is poisonous creates a dangerous hazard in the steel manufacturing operations.
- ferro-selenium is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid and a plating bath is provided therefrom.
- the bath is made alkaline by the addition of ammonia and is subsequently made slightly acid by the addition of nitric acid.
- the austenitic steel in various forms and shapes to be treated is immersed in the bath and electrically connected to the negative pole of asource of electrical energy while nichrome is suspended from the positive pole.
- the bath may be heated for the plating operation to a suitable plating temperature if desired or necessary.
- a very desirable selenium plating was provided by this method using 6 volts D. C. with a current flow of about 2 amp.
- the time of the plating operation will depend upon the size, area, and physical character of the work being plated as well as on the thickness of plate desired. The procedure is variable within widelimits, of course, depending on the results desired.
- nium surface which consists in, immersing said steel in a bath made by dissolving ferro-selenium in sulphuric acid and making the resultant solution alkaline by adding ammonia and then slightly acidifying the same by adding nitric acid, and passing current between an anode immersed in said bath and the steel surface being coated.
- a slightly acid selenium plating bath made by dissolving ferro-selenium in concentrated sulphuric acid' and adding thereto ammonia and nitric acid.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
v Patented May 28, 1940 SELENIUM PLATING OF STEEL Vincent T. Malcolm, Indian Orchard, Mass assignor to The Chapman Valve Manufacturing 00., Indian Orchard, Mass, a corporation of Massachusetts No Drawing. Application July 12,. 1939, Serial No. 284,092
4 Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in steels and is directed more particularly to the provision of austenitic steel or the like having surfaces adapted to withstand galling and seiz- According to the novel features of this invention, a novel surface for austenitic steels and the like and method of producing the same is provided so that said steel is capable of withstanding galling and seizing without the objections inherent in austenitic steels where selenium is used as a constituent thereof.
According to prior art practice ferro-selenium' in amounts of approximately .2% to .3% has been added as a constituent of austenitic steels in an attempt to provide material which would obviate seizing and galling but the. results have not been satisfactory for several reasons.
The addition of selenium has produced steels which are not only dirty but it has appreciably lowered the impact value or at, least lowered said value to an objectionable extent. Furthermore, the selenium which is poisonous creates a dangerous hazard in the steel manufacturing operations.
The above objections and disadvantages are overcome by means of this invention and is accomplished with steels such as a'ustenitic steels by providing the steel with a selenium surface or plating as by a plating process. It has been discovered that the steel of this invention provided with a selenium plating is adapted to resist galling and seizing to a marked desired extent without the objections and disadvantages of the prior art procedure.
In carrying out the process of this invention ferro-selenium is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid and a plating bath is provided therefrom. The bath is made alkaline by the addition of ammonia and is subsequently made slightly acid by the addition of nitric acid.
The austenitic steel in various forms and shapes to be treated is immersed in the bath and electrically connected to the negative pole of asource of electrical energy while nichrome is suspended from the positive pole. The bath may be heated for the plating operation to a suitable plating temperature if desired or necessary.
According to the invention a very desirable selenium plating was provided by this method using 6 volts D. C. with a current flow of about 2 amp. The time of the plating operation will depend upon the size, area, and physical character of the work being plated as well as on the thickness of plate desired. The procedure is variable within widelimits, of course, depending on the results desired.
Numerous steel specimens treated as above were subjected to abrasive and seizing tests. For
instance specimens had their plated surfaces rubbed one'against the other for a considerable time under about 100 lbs. pressure per square inch, at about 100 strokes per minute. These were found to be in excellent condition in all respects, the plated surfaces having the desired brightness and smoothness without evidence of galling or seizing or the effects of any abrasive action. I
The unplated reverse surfaces of the specimens were subjected to the same conditions of test but almost immediately showed the results of serious seizing and galling.
Thus by plating steel such as austenitic steel according to the invention, it is possible to obtain the desired efiects and advantages of selenium without the disadvantages, objections and hazards of the prior art procedure. It is possible, of course, to treat only certain parts or surfaces of the work if desired to provide the surface which is resistant to seizing and galling.
Having thus described my invention, and the best manner of practicing the new process of forming this novel composition, but without limiting myself to the order of steps, of such process recited, or the proportions of parts employed therein, or to the precise ingredients named, as it is evident that each of these ingredients has a considerablerange of equivalents and that the order and proportions of the process may be varied without departing from its scope I and purposes.
nium surface which consists in, immersing said steel in a bath made by dissolving ferro-selenium in sulphuric acid and making the resultant solution alkaline by adding ammonia and then slightly acidifying the same by adding nitric acid, and passing current between an anode immersed in said bath and the steel surface being coated.
4. A slightly acid selenium plating bath made by dissolving ferro-selenium in concentrated sulphuric acid' and adding thereto ammonia and nitric acid.
VINCENT '1. MAICOIM.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US284092A US2202532A (en) | 1939-07-12 | 1939-07-12 | Selenium plating of steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US284092A US2202532A (en) | 1939-07-12 | 1939-07-12 | Selenium plating of steel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2202532A true US2202532A (en) | 1940-05-28 |
Family
ID=23088825
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US284092A Expired - Lifetime US2202532A (en) | 1939-07-12 | 1939-07-12 | Selenium plating of steel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2202532A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2649409A (en) * | 1943-07-30 | 1953-08-18 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrodeposition of selenium |
US2715151A (en) * | 1953-07-14 | 1955-08-09 | Electro Acid Corp | Electric storage battery and method |
-
1939
- 1939-07-12 US US284092A patent/US2202532A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2649409A (en) * | 1943-07-30 | 1953-08-18 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrodeposition of selenium |
US2715151A (en) * | 1953-07-14 | 1955-08-09 | Electro Acid Corp | Electric storage battery and method |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2202532A (en) | Selenium plating of steel | |
AT133115B (en) | Process for the production of corrosion-resistant coatings on light metals. | |
US2461228A (en) | Donald lee miles | |
US2383434A (en) | Oxidation removing process | |
US2513859A (en) | Method of electroplating of tin on ferrous strip | |
US2304451A (en) | Quenching bath and method of quenching metal | |
US2313422A (en) | Method of pickling metallic strip | |
DE2053242A1 (en) | Method for covering a substrate with aluminum | |
US2279830A (en) | Metal plating bath and method of plating | |
US1331888A (en) | Coated strain-hardened metal | |
GB551103A (en) | Improvement in method of continuously conditioning conductor rolls in continuous electroplating processes | |
DE444597C (en) | Process for the production of metal coatings on metal electrodes for mercury vapor rectifiers | |
DE829020C (en) | Process for the production of carrier electrodes for dry rectifiers | |
US2202531A (en) | Coating steel | |
DE736713C (en) | Process for the production of cobalt tubes by electrolytic means | |
DE764440C (en) | Method of making an electrode | |
DE711417C (en) | Process for improving oxidic protective layers on magnesium or magnesium alloys | |
GB279781A (en) | Shot gun shot | |
DE674430C (en) | Process for the electrolytic deposition of tungsten-iron alloys | |
AT110913B (en) | Process for the production of galvanic coatings. | |
DE881671C (en) | Process for improving the initial permeability of iron-silicon, iron-aluminum and iron-silicon-aluminum alloys | |
AT119469B (en) | Process for achieving a hard raceway in light metal cylinders for internal combustion engines. | |
DE739943C (en) | Process for the production of a durable coating on silver apparatus | |
DE422305C (en) | Process for the immediate surface hardening of iron objects in molten baths containing cyanide | |
GB379987A (en) | A new or improved process of producing chromium deposits |