US2200951A - Artificial illumination - Google Patents
Artificial illumination Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2200951A US2200951A US174456A US17445637A US2200951A US 2200951 A US2200951 A US 2200951A US 174456 A US174456 A US 174456A US 17445637 A US17445637 A US 17445637A US 2200951 A US2200951 A US 2200951A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- light
- filament
- color
- bulb
- discharge tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/96—Lamps with light-emitting discharge path and separately-heated incandescent body within a common envelope, e.g. for simulating daylight
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel source of artificial illumination which will closely approximate daylight.
- a particular object of the invention is to provide a source of white light. Another object of the invention is to provide a light source of high efiiciency. A further object of the invention is to provide a light source which can be connected to'a source of fixed electrical potential without 10 the use of auxiliary apparatus. Still other obv jects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following detailed specification or from an inspection of the accompanying drawing.
- The-invention consists in the new and novel ll combination of elements hereinafter set forth and claimed.
- This novel lamp is characterized by the novel combination within'a single lamp of a gaseous discharge device, an incandescent filament which also serves as the ballast for this discharge dell vice, and a luminescent material which is subject to. the rays emitted by both the discharge device-and the filament. In general this lumi-,
- - nescent material is coated on or mixed in the material of the bulb which houses both the filasoment and the discharge device.
- the luminescent material which serves as the third light source, does I not make the lamp any more complicated, since the bulb on which it is placed is required to protect the discharge device and to enclose the filament.
- the space within this bulb is either evacuated or filled with a gas which is inert with respect to both the filament and the luminescent coating.
- the discharge device used may be of any desired type, but is preferably one emitting some ultraviolet rays.
- the discharge device plays its usual function of producing visible light, and also excites the'luminescent material whereby 17115136136! provides more visible radiations, which are preferably complementary to those of the discharge device.
- the incandescent filament plays its usual role of emitting visible light, plus a new and wholly unexpected function of increasing the efliciency of the luminescent material in its response to the rays from the discharge device.
- the infra-red rays emitted by the filament in my novel combination upon striking the'luminescent material accelerate the return of the excited centers of the luminescent material to their normal state, and thus cause an increase in the efficiency of the luminescent material.
- Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing a graph illustrating the color values of the various light sources in a preferred embodiment
- Fig. 2 I have shown, in partsection, a preferred form of my novel light source.
- the discharge tube, the filament and the luminescent material are preferably selected in such a way that the color point of the combined light is located in the white field of the color triangle.
- each light color corresponds to a certain point in the color triangle.
- Fig. 1 in the drawing shows this color triangle in accordance with the system determined by the International Commission on Illumination in 1931. In the center of this triangle the point is located which indicates the white light. In the vicinity of this point there are other points which correspond to color impressions which difier but slightly from white.
- the dotted ellipse A in Fig. 1 encloses points which indicate light colors which may be indicated as being white without being too inaccurate.
- the field enclosed by the dotted ellipse will be called the white field.
- the position of this ellipse in the color triangle will be defined as follows.
- the ends of the long axis of the ellipse lie on the curve B which shows the colors of the light emitted by a black body at various temperatures.
- the points C and D (the ends of the long axis) correspond to the radiation of the black body, at 3900 and 8000 Kelvin.
- the ends of the short axis of 'the ellipse are characterized by the degree of saturation of thelight color indicated by these points.
- the degree of saturation of the points E and G is 0.20 and minus 0.25;
- the three components ofthe lamp are selectedin such a way that the color points of these components lie in the color triangle, so that the triangle formed by these pointsencloses the white field, then it is possible by a suitable selection of the intensity of the light emitted by each light source, to place the color point of the combined light at any desired position of the white field. It is, however,
- the color point of the light emitted by the discharge tube depends, of course, on the type of the filling and frequently on the current and on v the pressure of the filling.
- the color point of the light emitted by the filament depends on the temperature of the wire, which can be adjusted by giving the wire suitable dimensions.
- the color point of the light emitted by the luminescent bulb is determined by the type of the luminescent material.
- I is a discharge tube' consisting of a quartz tube with aninternal diameter of 4 mm. and an external. diameter of 7 mm.
- the two electrodes 2 and 3 which are located in this discharge tube are heated by the discharge and are preferably covered by means of a material which promotes the emission of electrons, such as an alkaline earth oxide.
- the spacing of these electrodes in the device shown is 8 mm.
- the discharge tube contains a quantity of argon which has a pressure of, for instance, 30 mm. at room temperature.
- a quantity of mercury is located in the tube which evaporates during operation to produce a very high mercury vapor pressure of approximately 15 atmospheres.
- the discharge tube I is enclosed in a' completely closed bulb' 4 which consists of ordinary glass.
- the bulb has the shapeof an ordinary incandescent lamp bulb.
- the discharge tube I is fastened to the stem tube 6 of the bulb 4 by means of the supporting wires 5 which at the 1 same time constitute the current supply wire for the electrode 2.
- the bulb is provided with a screw base 7.
- the bulb 4 is preferably filled with nitrogen which at room temperature has a pressure of about 50 cm.
- the discharge current flows through it so that it servesv simultaneously as the series ballasting resistance.
- a resistance II which consists of tungsten and which heats the resistance It when acurrent passes therethrough.
- the inside of the bulb 4 is coated with a luminescent layer l2.
- This layer is excited by the rays emitted by the discharge tube l, and emits visible light, this emission being increased by the 60 effects of the infra-red rays from the filament 8, as pointed out hereinbefore.
- the luminescent layer in the preferred embodiment consists of a; mixture of zinc sulphide activated by silver and of zinc cadmium sulphide activated by copperx' The ratio of the two components of this mixture is selected in such a way that the light emitted by this luminescent mixture has a color point which is indicated in Fig. 1 by H. a
- the lamp is arranged to be connected to-a network of 220 volts at a commercial frequency.
- the current which flows through the tube l afterit has reached equilibrium is 0.5 ampere.
- the power consumptionof the discharge tube is in that case 40 watts while the mercury vapor pres- L i
- the small rods are dried'and 40 sure is approximately 15 atmospheres.
- the light emitted by this mercury vapor discharge tube has a color point which in Fig. 1 has been indicated by K.
- the filament 8 is dimensioned in such a way that it attains a temperature 01 2800 Kelvin during operation and in that case emits 770 international lumens of visible light.
- the color point of this light is indicated in Fig. 1 by L.
- the color point of the combined light of the mercury vapor discharge tube, of the filament and or the fluorescent material is indicated in Fig. 1 by M. As shown, this point represents a practically white light.
- the novel lamp thus produced not only gives an exceptionally good white light, however, but
- An electric lamp comprising, in combination, an electric gaseous discharge device which emits ultraviolet and visible radiations when a discharge is passed therethrough, a filament which is adapted to be operated at incandescence to supplement the light from said discharge device, and a luminescent bulb which encloses both said discharge device and said filament, said luminescent bulb having a response to the ultraviolet radiations a mercury vapor arc 'device adapted to emit both visible light and ultraviolet radiations, a filament connected in series with said device and adapted to be raised to incandescence by the current there- ,through, and a light transmitting bulb enclosing both said device and said filament, said bulb having a coating' thereon of a luminescent material comprising a mixture of zinc sulphide activated by silver and zinc cadmium sulphide activated by copper, whereby said luminescent material is irradiated by both the ultra-violet from the arc device and the ultraviolet and the infra-red from the filament to produce visible radiations
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE484975X | 1936-11-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2200951A true US2200951A (en) | 1940-05-14 |
Family
ID=6543216
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US174456A Expired - Lifetime US2200951A (en) | 1936-11-20 | 1937-11-13 | Artificial illumination |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2200951A (xx) |
BE (1) | BE424693A (xx) |
FR (1) | FR829567A (xx) |
GB (1) | GB484975A (xx) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2723366A (en) * | 1950-11-13 | 1955-11-08 | Gen Electric | Starting and operating circuit for high pressure gaseous discharge device |
US3243634A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Electric | Electric lamp and support web |
US4987342A (en) * | 1989-03-27 | 1991-01-22 | Gte Products Corporation | Self-ballasted glow discharge lamp having indirectly-heated cathode |
-
0
- BE BE424693D patent/BE424693A/xx unknown
-
1937
- 1937-11-13 US US174456A patent/US2200951A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1937-11-17 GB GB31641/37A patent/GB484975A/en not_active Expired
- 1937-11-19 FR FR829567D patent/FR829567A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2723366A (en) * | 1950-11-13 | 1955-11-08 | Gen Electric | Starting and operating circuit for high pressure gaseous discharge device |
US3243634A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Electric | Electric lamp and support web |
US4987342A (en) * | 1989-03-27 | 1991-01-22 | Gte Products Corporation | Self-ballasted glow discharge lamp having indirectly-heated cathode |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR829567A (fr) | 1938-06-30 |
GB484975A (en) | 1938-05-12 |
BE424693A (xx) |
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