US2191790A - Steels and electrical resistance elements - Google Patents
Steels and electrical resistance elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2191790A US2191790A US206539A US20653938A US2191790A US 2191790 A US2191790 A US 2191790A US 206539 A US206539 A US 206539A US 20653938 A US20653938 A US 20653938A US 2191790 A US2191790 A US 2191790A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steels
- electrical resistance
- amount
- resistance elements
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
Definitions
- This invention relates to alloy steels containing chromium and aluminum, and also to electrical resistance elements composed of such steels.
- Steels containing 10% to 30% chromium and aluminum in an amount below 10% have been used for various purposes, notably to resist oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures,electrical resistance heating elements for instance. It has also been proposed to improve the properties of such steels by the addition of one or more of the elements titanium, zirconium, cerium, thorium, vanadium, columbium, and tantalum, that form relatively stable carbides and, through this or other characteristics, improve the resistance of the steels to oxidation. Additions of these elements in amounts up to 5% or more have been proposed.
- the invention accordingly comprises an alloy steel resistant to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures, and an electrical resistance heating element in the form ofa rod, bar, strip, or wire composed of such steel.
- the steel and heating element 0! the invention are composed of a ferritic chromium-aluminum steel containing in addition to iron and not over 1% each of manganese and silicon, carbon in an amount not exceeding 0.5% between 10% and 30% chromium, a substantial amount not exceeding 10% of alum lmm. and to 0.5% nitrogen uniformly distributed throughout the steel.
- One or more of the elements titanium, zirconium, cerium, thorium, vanadium, columbium.
- tantalum may also be added in an amount not exceeding a total of 5%, and preferably in a total amount between 0.2% and 2%. It is preferred that the chromium content be between 18% and 25 the aluminum content be between 2% and 6%. the carbon content be less than 0.2%, and the nitrogen content be between 0.08% and 0.3%.
- the improved to oxidation imparted by the addition or nitrogen is indicated by data secured in comparative tests. Representative of such data are those appearing in the foilowing table. hoeptforsteeis0and8,the1ossinweight was determined after the surface scale had been removed from each sample of Composition imam iron).
Description
Patented Feb. 27, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT ol-rlcs Russell Franks, Niagara Oomparmaoorpnraiioncf Electra He Welt MIL! asslgnorto No Drawing. Application May I, 1088,
SerialNo.
6 claims. (CI. 15-42) This invention relates to alloy steels containing chromium and aluminum, and also to electrical resistance elements composed of such steels. I
Steels containing 10% to 30% chromium and aluminum in an amount below 10% have been used for various purposes, notably to resist oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures,electrical resistance heating elements for instance. It has also been proposed to improve the properties of such steels by the addition of one or more of the elements titanium, zirconium, cerium, thorium, vanadium, columbium, and tantalum, that form relatively stable carbides and, through this or other characteristics, improve the resistance of the steels to oxidation. Additions of these elements in amounts up to 5% or more have been proposed.
I have found that the addition of nitrogen in a relatively small amount between 0.05% and 0.5% considerably improves the resistance of the steels just described to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, such improvement is accomplished by an improvement in the toughness of the material, and the latter improvement favorably affects the ability of the steel to withstand extensive hot and cold forming operations in the manufacture of rods, bars. strip, and wire for electrical resistance heating elements.
The invention accordingly comprises an alloy steel resistant to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures, and an electrical resistance heating element in the form ofa rod, bar, strip, or wire composed of such steel. The steel and heating element 0! the invention are composed of a ferritic chromium-aluminum steel containing in addition to iron and not over 1% each of manganese and silicon, carbon in an amount not exceeding 0.5% between 10% and 30% chromium, a substantial amount not exceeding 10% of alum lmm. and to 0.5% nitrogen uniformly distributed throughout the steel. One or more of the elements titanium, zirconium, cerium, thorium, vanadium, columbium. and tantalum may also be added in an amount not exceeding a total of 5%, and preferably in a total amount between 0.2% and 2%. It is preferred that the chromium content be between 18% and 25 the aluminum content be between 2% and 6%. the carbon content be less than 0.2%, and the nitrogen content be between 0.08% and 0.3%.
The improved to oxidation imparted by the addition or nitrogen is indicated by data secured in comparative tests. Representative of such data are those appearing in the foilowing table. hoeptforsteeis0and8,the1ossinweight was determined after the surface scale had been removed from each sample of Composition imam iron).
Per cent Percent N Percent Under 0.05 0.10 Under0.05 1 0.10 Under 0.05 0. an
0.5 UndorO-Oli 0. l0
clonal-pp one w-I PPPPPPPP 2=E=3E= The nitrogen favorably aiIects the character of the oxide scale formed on the surface of the metal, making the scale more firmly adherent to the metal and, probably, more dense and less permeable to oxygen. The scale formed on steels 1, 3, 5, and 7, for instance was relatively looser than that formed on the corresponding nitrogencontaining steels. The scale formed on steels 6 and 8 could not be removed without at the same time removing metal, which accounts for the gains in weight of the samples.
I claim:
1. Alloy ferritic steel resistant to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures and comprising 10% to 30% chromium, aluminum in an amount between about 2% and 10%, carbon in an amount not exceeding 0.5%, nitrogen in an m amount between 0.05% and 0.5%, and the remainder principally iron.
2. Alloy ferritic steel as defined in claim 1, containing a substantial amount not over 5% of an addition chosen from the group consisting of the elements titanium, zirconium, cerium, thorium, vanadium, columbium, tantalum, and mixtures of at least two of such elements.
3. Alloy ferritic steel resistant to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures and comprising 16% to 25% chromium; aluminum in an amount between about 2% and 6%; carbon in an amount CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 2,191,790.. February 27, 1911p.
' RUSSELL FRANKS. It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1, first column, 1ine25', for the word "accomplished read accompanied; and that the sand Letters Patent mould be read with this correction'therein thatthe same may corifonn to the record of the case in the Patent Office.
Signed and sealed this and day of April, A. D. 1919.
Henry Van Arsdalge (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US206539A US2191790A (en) | 1938-05-07 | 1938-05-07 | Steels and electrical resistance elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US206539A US2191790A (en) | 1938-05-07 | 1938-05-07 | Steels and electrical resistance elements |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2191790A true US2191790A (en) | 1940-02-27 |
Family
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US206539A Expired - Lifetime US2191790A (en) | 1938-05-07 | 1938-05-07 | Steels and electrical resistance elements |
Country Status (1)
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Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2432617A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Ferrous alloys for high temperature use |
US2432616A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Ferrous alloys for use at high temperatures |
US2432615A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electric Metallurg Company | Iron-base alloys |
US2532117A (en) * | 1946-09-17 | 1950-11-28 | Babcock & Wilcox Tube Company | Nickel steel alloys |
US2537103A (en) * | 1946-03-19 | 1951-01-09 | Armco Steel Corp | Production of nitrogen-bearing stainless steel |
US2703355A (en) * | 1950-10-23 | 1955-03-01 | Kanthal Corp | Electric heater |
DE974555C (en) * | 1951-01-19 | 1961-02-09 | Electric Furnace Products Comp | Ferritic chrome steel melted in an arc |
US3298826A (en) * | 1964-04-06 | 1967-01-17 | Carl S Wukusick | Embrittlement-resistant iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloys |
US3660173A (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1972-05-02 | Toyo Kogyo Co | Method of preparing corrosion resistant metallic articles |
US3992198A (en) * | 1973-06-21 | 1976-11-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Ductile chromium-containing ferritic alloys |
US4055416A (en) * | 1976-01-21 | 1977-10-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Tantalum modified ferritic iron base alloys |
US4286986A (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-09-01 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Ferritic stainless steel and processing therefor |
US4316743A (en) * | 1973-10-29 | 1982-02-23 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. | High damping Fe-Cr-Al alloy |
EP0091526A2 (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-10-19 | Allegheny Ludlum Corporation | Iron-chromium-aluminium alloy and article and method therefor |
US4661169A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1987-04-28 | Allegheny Ludlum Corporation | Producing an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with an adherent textured aluminum oxide surface |
US4870046A (en) * | 1987-04-24 | 1989-09-26 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Rolled high aluminum stainless steel foil for use as a substrate for a catalyst carrier |
EP0354405A2 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-02-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Far-infrared emitter of high emissivity and corrosion resistance and method for the preparation thereof |
EP0387670A1 (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1990-09-19 | Krupp VDM GmbH | Ferritic-steel alloy |
US5578265A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1996-11-26 | Sandvik Ab | Ferritic stainless steel alloy for use as catalytic converter material |
DE19925694C2 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2001-08-23 | Victor Tsiper | Method for adjusting the electrical resistance of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy |
-
1938
- 1938-05-07 US US206539A patent/US2191790A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2432617A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Ferrous alloys for high temperature use |
US2432616A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Ferrous alloys for use at high temperatures |
US2432615A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electric Metallurg Company | Iron-base alloys |
US2537103A (en) * | 1946-03-19 | 1951-01-09 | Armco Steel Corp | Production of nitrogen-bearing stainless steel |
US2532117A (en) * | 1946-09-17 | 1950-11-28 | Babcock & Wilcox Tube Company | Nickel steel alloys |
US2703355A (en) * | 1950-10-23 | 1955-03-01 | Kanthal Corp | Electric heater |
DE974555C (en) * | 1951-01-19 | 1961-02-09 | Electric Furnace Products Comp | Ferritic chrome steel melted in an arc |
US3298826A (en) * | 1964-04-06 | 1967-01-17 | Carl S Wukusick | Embrittlement-resistant iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloys |
US3660173A (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1972-05-02 | Toyo Kogyo Co | Method of preparing corrosion resistant metallic articles |
US3992198A (en) * | 1973-06-21 | 1976-11-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Ductile chromium-containing ferritic alloys |
US4316743A (en) * | 1973-10-29 | 1982-02-23 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. | High damping Fe-Cr-Al alloy |
US4055416A (en) * | 1976-01-21 | 1977-10-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Tantalum modified ferritic iron base alloys |
US4286986A (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-09-01 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Ferritic stainless steel and processing therefor |
EP0091526A2 (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-10-19 | Allegheny Ludlum Corporation | Iron-chromium-aluminium alloy and article and method therefor |
US4414023A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-11-08 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Iron-chromium-aluminum alloy and article and method therefor |
EP0091526A3 (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1984-03-21 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Iron-chromium-aluminium alloy and article and method therefor |
US4661169A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1987-04-28 | Allegheny Ludlum Corporation | Producing an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with an adherent textured aluminum oxide surface |
US4870046A (en) * | 1987-04-24 | 1989-09-26 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Rolled high aluminum stainless steel foil for use as a substrate for a catalyst carrier |
EP0354405A2 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-02-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Far-infrared emitter of high emissivity and corrosion resistance and method for the preparation thereof |
EP0354405A3 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-03-07 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Far-infrared emitter of high emissivity and corrosion resistance and method for the preparation thereof |
US5338616A (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1994-08-16 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Far-infrared emitter of high emissivity and corrosion resistance and method for the preparation thereof |
EP0387670A1 (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1990-09-19 | Krupp VDM GmbH | Ferritic-steel alloy |
US5578265A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1996-11-26 | Sandvik Ab | Ferritic stainless steel alloy for use as catalytic converter material |
DE19925694C2 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2001-08-23 | Victor Tsiper | Method for adjusting the electrical resistance of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy |
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