US2190235A - Drilling apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 13, 1940.` H. w. HUBER DRILLING APPARATUS Filedy May 22, 1939 8 Sheets- Sheet 1 Feb. 13, 1940.

H. W. HUBER DRILLING APPARATUS Filled May 22. 1939 s sheets-sheet 2- INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Feb. 13, 14940.l H. w. HUBER 2,190,235

DRILLING APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1939 s sheets-sheet s v ATToRNEYs WITNESS l QQ .Feb. 13,'1940. H. w. HUBER 2,190,235

DRILLING APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1939 8 Sheets-Sheerl 4 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS H. W. HUBER DRILLING APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1959 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR l l rulldl ATTORNEYS H. w. HUBER f 2,190,235

DRILLING APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1939 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 lNvENToR WITN ESS ATTOR N EYS Feb-.'13, 1940. H. w. HUBER 2,190,235

DRILLING APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1959 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 .I Early Wlu;

. u l l ATTO R N EYs WTN ESS X H. W. HUBER DRILLING APPARATUS Filed May 22. 1939 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 24e n u Z3@ 452 A4 a ,-54

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INVENTOR ATTORN EYS eQUOffFigure 5; Y

7 `UNITE f STATES P naiLLiNo ArmarUs Harry W; Huber, Brookville, Pa. applicati@ May 22, 1939, serial N. 275,041

`19 claims.' (o1. Z55- 2) My invention relates to the art of drilling gas, 22 are connected with a sill frame 2G mounted oil wells and the like, and has among its objects 0n corner blocks 2i), which in turn are mounted and advantages the provision of an improved on subformation blocks 30 in the usual manner. drilling apparatus. l Sill frame 26 carries vthe derrick floor 32. F5 In the accompanying drawings: i Figure-fl illustrates the main drive shaft 34 as 5 Figure 1` is `-a side elevational view of my inbeing rotatably supportedlin bearings 36, 38 and vention with certain parts broken away for the Jil), with the bearings `mounted on frame members sake of clearness; v 12, M and lle, respectively, the latter being more 'Figure 2" is a top plan View of the structure `Clearly illustrated in Figure 1. The band Wheel "lO shown in Figure 1; f i8 is keyed to the shaft 34 and maybe oper- 10 Figure 3 is a viewtaken from the position irlatively connected with an engine through the dicated `by line 3 3 of Figure 1;' medium of a belt or other suitable coupling 5l). Figure 4 is- `an elevational View of the main i Frame members 42, M and 46 are fixedly related drive shaft and the bandwheel connected thereto a `skid `frame 52 which is positioned on the @I5 to illustrating the mount for the driveshaft, with derrick oor 32. Skid frame 52 includes Ibear'n` 15 the parts directly associated With;the drive shaft `members 56 which 'have their lower flanges eX- illustrated in section; l l. tended beyond the webs of the4 beams and turned Figure 5 is an elevational View of thebull post; l up at 5G to facilitate i movement of the y skid Figure 6 is asectionalrvview along the line 5-6 frame` with respect to any obstruction which 1 might lie in the path of the frame as it is being 20 Figure '7y isa sectional view along the line l-'l p moved. f `of Figure 5;` v A 'l i p Sill frame 265` is made up of two I-beams Figure 8 is" a" diagrammatic View illustrating i E3 and two I-beams Sil which are bolted together f v the spudding action in association with the spudat their corners, With the .iOIled COIIleISDDS- ,x25 ding tool'cable; i 1 tioned on the corner blocksZS. Cross channels 25 Figure 9 is a View similar to Figure 8 illus- Gland cross I-beams S4 have their ends bolted itrating a rearrangement ofthe spudding action to the two I-beams 64) and `constitute additional TENT oFFicl-z` `for the initial drilling stage;; ysupport for the derrick floor 32. The two I- Figure 10 is an `elen/ational view of thepitman beams 54,0f .the Skid frame 52 are interconnected 0f the spudding action; through the medium of three Ibeams 66, 68130 Figure 1i. is atop plan view of the pitmami l and l0, See FgUIeS 3, and 4. Underneath the Figure l2 is'a sectional view along the line derrick floor 32 `beneath the skid frame 52 4I l2- l2 of Figure 10;l i l A `mount a reinforcing frame l2, which frame is Figure 13 15,9, deta View of the pivotal mount i illustrated in plan View in` Figure 15. Reinforcfor the spudding mtion frame; ing frame 12 includes a floating beam 'i4 which` 35 Figure 141s a View musgratng a pump drive; has its ends iixedly connected with 'the two Figure 15 is a top plan View o f a load frame beams Efof the sill frame, Floating beam "Hl designed to withstand heavy duty service; iS pOStOned midway between the WO I-beams 64, :Figure 16.15 a @Op plan View of the spudding f and underneath Vand transversely of` the two :2:40 action; and i i i i Figure 17 is a detail view of a pump attachment 14 and the tie sill l'lli are` illustrated as comprisconnected with a `portion ofthe spuddingaction s ing I-beams. Referring to Figure l, it will be to operate in conjunction with the well being noted that the Ifloating beam 7d is spaced from drilled, in contradistinction 'to thep'umping atthe derrick iioor 32 and the tie sill 'iB is pref- 'mchmemof' Figure 14 which `is .employed for erably located directly underneath the frame 1,45 operatingay pump in a well for supplying water member ,'15, eS illustre-ted in Figures 1 and 4. for general operating purposes. f i f i l Referring to Figure 15, diagonal bracememfIn the embodiment Vselected to illustrate my bers 18 interconnect the iioating beam l with invention', 1 linake vuse of a fderrick '20"in which the .beams or supportngells 54 adjacent the latw'li the dferriclz legs .22 are 'arranged in the usual ters connection with the two sills 60. Hog rodsg converging relation and interconnected bystruc- 80 have their lower' ends connected with plates 'tural members it, as' Weil as diagonal supports 82 extending transversely adjacent the lower f (not shown). The 'derrick isen'tirely convenflange of the tie sill '16, and their upper` ends are i tional and need not be described in detail` Sufsimilarly connected with cross bars 84 adjacent p5 `trice Lit-tofsayythef lower. ends of'thederrick-'legs the upper ange ofthe beaml of the",skid=55 beams 64 I position a tie sill l5. Floating beam 40 fsu frame. Thus, tightening of the hog rods 80 will effectively anchor the skid frame to the derrickv floor, with the I-beams 54 of the skid frame lying above and paralleling the two supporting sills 54. Hog rods 8S are associated with the I-beam @t of the skid frame and one of the `sills 6B in the same manner. Thus, each end of the skid frame 5L is effectively anchored, with its I-beam 66 lying above and paralleling the adjacent sill 60, as illustrated in Figure 4.

Heavy duty machinery is subjected to violent vibration as well as enormous lifting and depressing forces. Figure l illustrates the floating beam 'ill' as being spaced from the tie sill 'i6 as well as from the derrick floor 32. Thus, any lifting or depressing forces which tend to bend the two'I-beams or sills G4 will tend to pull .the two sills Bil together, but such movement of the sills is effectively resisted by reason of the floating beam i4 and the diagonal braces '58. Thus, the reinforcing frame l2 affords an efiicient reinforcing structure for drilling apparatus which` is subjected to extremely rough usage as well as burdened with the handling of enormous loads'.

To the shaft 34 I key a friction wheel 83, which wheel includes wood or fibre lagging 9!! and facing S2. Friction wheel 88 is arranged to be engaged by a bull wheel 84 lfixeclly related to the bull post shaft 96 havinga trunnion 98 at one end rotatably journaled in a bearing ltlil carried by a support |02 having its lower end bolted to one of the sills $8 and its upper end bolted to an I-beam |04 having its ends bolted to two of the derrick legs 22, see Figure 3. The opposite end of the bull wheel shaft S6 is provided with a trunnion Illia rotatably journaled in a bearing |08 carried by a'bull post H0. The bull post may comprise an I-beam having its upper end bolted to the I-beam will and itsk lower end bolted to one of the sill members 58, see Figure 5. Referring to Figures 5, 6 and '7, the web ||2 of the bull post H is provided with a transverse slot il@ for slidably receiving the bearing |8, which bearing includes flanges H6 lying adjacent one face of the web H2 and slidably supported thereagainst by reason of retaining flanges I8 attached to the web by bolts |24. Because of the slot |54, I provide the bull post ||D with reinforcement |22, which `may comprise channels riveted at |24 to the flanges of the bull post. A reinforcing plate |2E` is also positioned adjacent the web H2 opposite the flange retainers H8, which plate is made secure by the rbolts |20.

Rotation of the bull wheel shaft 95 is effected through movement of the bull wheel 94 into frictional contact with the friction wheel 88. Means for moving the bull wheel 94 comprises a swinging lever |28 having its upper end pivotally connected with a bolt |33 passing through one of the flange retainers H8, the web. H2 and the` reinforcing plate |26. The upper end of the swinging lever |28 is provided with a bore |32 for loosely receiving the bolt |3, and the bolt is provided with a nut |34 which holds the lever assembled with the bolt. Bearing |08 includes a trunnion |3S which extends loosely through an opening |38 in the swinging lever 28 a short distance inwardly of the bolt |35. The trunnion is threaded at |40 for the reception of anut |42 which holds the lever assembled with the trun-` nion. In Figure 5, I illustrate the lower end of the swinging lever |28 as being pivotally connected at |44 with a reach |46 having its opposite end pivotally connected at |48 with an armv I@ xedly relatedfto a shaft |52, see Figure-1.

Shaft |52 is rotatably supported on the derrick floor 32 through the medium of bearings |54, and the shaft is provided with a lever |56, see Figures 2 and 3, through the medium of which the shaft may be rotated for bringing the bull Wheel 94 into frictional engagement with `the friction wheel 88.

Bull wheel S4 is spaced closely tothe friction against the friction wheel. Enormous forces are effective on the bull wheel shaft, which forces normally tend to swing the shaft for bringing the bull wheel into engagement with the friction wheel. When operating with the bull wheel in the clear of the friction wheel 88, the lever |56 may be suitably tied so as to prevent accidental shifting of the bull wheel, thus maintaining the latter in the clear of the friction wheel 88.

To the end of the bull wheel shaft 96 opposite l the bull wheel 94 is connected a brake drum |58.

A brake band |64 is arranged on the braking face of the drum and has one endprovided with a loop |62 connected with the bight of a U-shaped support 64 anchored to angles |66 which may span one of the beams 54 and the adjacent beam 58, Figure 3 illustrates the brake band, and the opposite end of the band is looped at |58 for connection. with a crank pivotally mounted on the derrick floor 32 through the medium of bearings 572. handle |74 through the medium of which the brake band may be manipulated for controlling the bull wheel shaft.

is located intermediate the bull wheel 94 and the brake drum |58k so as to providespool reaches H8. and |89 upon which the drill line or cable |62 is wound. Spool reach |18 carries a reserve supply of cable, and the flange |16 is slotted at |84 to permit transfer of cable from the spool reach |78 to the spool reach |80. The spool rlhe crank is connected with av The bull wheel shaft car- `ries a spool flange |16, see Figure 2, which flange reach |89 carries a limited supply of cable which is being paid out and taken up during a given drilling operation. During normal operation, the main drive shaft 34 is rotated in a clockwise direction, when viewing Figure l, but counter-rotation of the shaft may be effected through the medium of a reversing mechanism associated with the engine which supplies power. Reversing mechanisms are employed in connection with internal combustion engines, but in connection with steam power, reverse rotation is of course effected through reversal of" the engine. Reversing mechanisms are old and well known in the art.`

Figure 8 illustrates the drill line |82 as being extended upwardly and passed over the crown sheave |85 carried by the crown block |85 which is mounted on the top of the derrick in the usual manner. line extends downwardly, as at |83 in Figure l,

with the line reach |38 axially aligned with the .well being drilled. Figure 1 illustrates the conductor section |99 which lines the well from the rground level to a limited depth,4 in addition to extending upwardly through the derrick floor 32, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 3.

Figure 1 illustrates a spudding action |92 'inY From the crown sheave |85 the drill @las ` exactlycenteredwith'respect to the hole..` `The full lineillustration ofA wheel 234 in Figure 8$i1lus trates thewheelin one extreme position, at which 'time thecablerun is' pulled laterally for lifting association Lwith the linerealch |88, which action manipulates theflinelfordrilling purposes.` In connection 'with the use of spuddingdrills, the

spudding drill doeslqnotnorma'lly rest on the bottom of the hole being drilled. Normally, the spudding drill 'is maintained at"apredetermined distance from the bottom,1andthe drilling action is consummated through lifting the' drill and then `dropping the line. The weight `of the spudding drill-and the drill stem is such as to stretch the wrist pin |96 to which oneend of a pitman |98 `is connected. Figures 10-and 11 illustrate the pitman |98 as comprising sections 200 `and 202 connected by bolts 204, so thatthe eiective length of the pitman may be varied through` relative adjustment 'of the sections 200 and 202. The latter is provided with'a curved bearing part 206 and a latch bearing part 208 pivotally connected at 2|ll.y Figure 10 illustrates the parts '206 `and 208 as embracing 'a bearing sleeve 2I2 mountedon the wrist pinr |96, and .the part 208 is xedly related to the section 202 by alatch bar 2|4 hinged at 2 |6 to the part 208 and provided with a hook 2|8 arranged to extend lover the section 202 for holding the part 208in place. A coiled spring 220 is arranged to bias the latch bar 2|4 to its normal. position of Figure 12,butthev latch bar may be swung to the dotted-line positionsoas to permit the part 208 to be pivotedaway from the section 202, thus permittingth'e pitmanto be uncoupled from the wrist pin. Part 208 is provided with a grip 222, and the latch bar 2|4 is provided with grips 224 to facilitate manipulationV of the parts.

The opposite end of the pitman includes a bearing 226 mounted ona shaft `228 mounted on al `rocker arm 230 ofthe actionlibracket 232.r Upon theshaft 228 I rotatably mount an action or spuddingwheel 234 inthe nature of a sheave which engages the reachf|88 of the line |82. Action bracket 232 includes arms l236 keyed to apilot shaft 238 upon which 1 mount a rotatable pilot Wheel 240 in the nature'of asheave. The axis of the pilot wheel 240 remainsxed during the drillingoperation, and the pil'otwheelis so related to.

thehole being drilled as to bring its peripheryk into contact with the reach4 |88 of the drill line |82 V-of the. I-beams 54.ofthe skid `frame, see Figure 3.

when theline reach is in its straight phase, as illustrated in Figure 1. At no time is the axis of the pilot wheel shifted laterally during the spudding operation'. The line is manipulated .through the medium of the action wheel 234, and

the action wheel is oscillated through oscillatory movement of the rocker arm 230 through the fes medium of the pitman |98 when the drive shaft 34 is rotated. l

Figure 8 best illustrates the manner in which the cable is operated through the medium of the action |92. Crank arm |94rotates inthe direction of the arrow 242 and the rocker arm 230 oscillates for moving theaction or spudding wheel 234 within the limits illustrated by full and dotted lines of the wheel. The spudding action |92 is located directly over the `hole being drilled'and the pilot wheel 240 is located so that when no pull is exerted lonl the cable bythe action Wheel 234, the run |88 of the line' |82' hangs straightfandis the cable run and the attached drill and stem beneath the ypilot wheel 240 the necessary distance softhatwhen the action Wheel 234 isosoillated back to the dotted line position, the drill will be dropped suddenly so as to stretchthe cable and bring the drill into impacting relation With the bottom of the hole. Bull wheel shaft 96 is braked against rotation so aslto -positively restrain the cable `from paying out; through manipulation of the brake |60 as the depth of the ho1eprogresses` but for impacting i The cable is paid out purposesthe cable is braked against any paying out action so that the falling of the drill Will stretch the cable. f

Rocker arm 230 is so related to the pitman |98 as to impart a sudden movement to the rockeri arm as it vmoves the wheel1`234 from its fulll line l illustration to the dotted line'position of Figure 8. Thus the line is dropped suddenly to give thedrill n .i "a sudden drop for effectively stretching the line.

VSections 200 and 202 of the pitman areadjust-A ably connected so that the eiective length of the pitman may be accuratelyadjusted. Action `wheel 234 and the 'pilot `wheel 240 are soi-elated as to maintainythe cablerun |88 onkthe sheaves during the drillingoperation. Action |92 is located a short distance above the derrick floor 32 which permits the use of derricks of much shorter proportions than is common in the art. The action |92 is relatively simple `and eliminates the` cumbersome walking meamwhich is standard ini "the1 art.v The pilot wheel 240 guides `the run |88 so that it is perfectly. centered with the hole being drilled at all times. 1 1

Figure. 16 illustratesthe offside location of the rocker arm238 for pulling ou purposes.

246 mountedon a frame 248, see Figures 1, 3 and 13.` `The frame includes legsw250 `and 252 which ,are inclined'slightly'to `the vertical and interconnected by diagonal braces '254. Referring to:

Shaftl` U238 is rotatably journaled `in `bearings 244 and Figure `13, the leg 250 is provided with a hinge part'258 bya rod v260, which also connects the upper hinge part 262 with'a companion hinge part 264. Hinge; part 258 is bolted oruriveted to part 256 which is pivotallyconnected with a hinge one leg of the frame 44xat its lower end, and

hinge part 264 is bolted or riveted to a channel 266 anchored tothe upper margin of the frame 44.

' Hinge part 2B2`carries;the bearing 246.

Leg'252 has its lower end boltedr at 268 to oneri The `bearing 244 is mounted on the upper end of the leg 252, and the leg has xedly related: thereto channels 210 between which eye elements 2212 areconnected for jthereception* of an eye: element 214 anchored to the' frame 46,'seeFigures l1 and 2. A bolt 216 connects the eyes 212 and 214- I Whenfpulling ou the shaft 238 vis moved longitudinally in the bearings 244 and 246 so as to bring the action |92 to one side of the hole,

"asillustratedin Figure 16. When the actionv |92 'is being employed, the shaft 238 is in its normal positions of Figures 2 and, and relative endwi'se movement is restrained by reason of a pin 2181 Whichis driven into 'a transverse bore in the While the apparatus so far vdescribed has been illustrated in connection with the action |92 for manipulating a spudding drill, provision is made for the use of a rotary drill unit. The rotary drill unit is indicated generally in dotted linesA at 280 in Figure 2. Such rotary units are old and well known in the art and need not be'described in "further detail.l Suffice it to say that the rotary unit is positioned on the derrick floor 32 and aligned with the hole being drilled. To accommodate therotary unit 280, provision is made for swinging the action |92 to one side, as illustrated in dotted lines in Figure 2. Shifting of the action |92 is accomplished through removal of the bolts 258 of Figure 3 and pivoting the actionl together with the shaft 238 about the axis ofthe rod 260. Leg 252 will support the free end of the shaft 238 and theaction |32 when swung to one side, although it might be desirable to place' a supporting block between the lower end of the leg and the derrick floor 32. For s'pudding in purposes, the action |92 is also swung to the dotted line position of Figure 2. Spudding drills are associated with a drill sternl of considerable length, and in starting the hole the stem would interfere with the action |92 inthe arrangement of Figure 8 when lpositioned over the hole. For spudding in purposes, the pitman |98 is disconnected from the wrist pin |85 and the pilot wheel 240 is mounted on .the wrist pin. Thus, the pilot wheel 240 is directly connected with the crank arm |94 and the cable |82 is passed underneath the pilot wheel, with the cable run |88 depending unrestricted from the crown sheave |85. Thus, accommodation is provided for the drill and its stem during the initial drilling operation for sinking the hole to such a depth as to provide accommodation for the drilling action E92, as illustrated in Figure 8. Figure 9.illustrates the action of the pilot wheel 240 on the cable |82 for raising and lowering the drill line.

Power to operate the rotary unit 280 is derived from a shaft 282, which shaft may comprise the pinion shaft of the unit. Figure 2 illustrates the shaft 282 as being rotatably journaled in bearings 284 mounted on vsupports 286- bolted at 288 to the derrick floor 32. A sprocket 296 is keyed to the shaft 282 and may be connected with a lchain 292, indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2, which passes over a sprocket 294 rotatably mounted on the main drive shaft 34, see Figure 4. Sprocket 294 may be provided with dogs 296 to mesh withclutch dogs 298 on a collar 300 keyed to the'drive shaft. A lever 302 is connected with the collar for shifting the same longitudinally of the main drive shaft 34 into and out of engagement with the dogs 296. Lever 302 is pivotally connected at 384. to a support 306 bolted to the beams 66 and 68, with the lower end of the lever pivotally connected at` 308 with a rod 3|8 connected with a lever 3| 2 pivotally mounted on a support 3|4. Thus, the .sprocket 294 may be driven by the main drive shaft 34 independently of the friction wheel 88.

Sprocket 294 also serves as a drive for the sprocket 3|6 associated with the calf wheel '318 through the medium of a chain 320, see Figures 1 and 2. Calf wheel 3|8 is provided with a brake band 322 which may be operated by a ybrake lever (not shown) but which may be of the type illustrated at |14 in connection with the brake band` |68 associated with the brake drum of the bull wheel shaft. Calf Wheel 3|8 is provided with a spool .shaft v324 provided with a spool Aflange 326 including a line transfer slot 328. The spool is rotatably journaled in bearings 330 mounted on posts 332. The purpose and operation of calf wheels are well known in the art.

Upon the main drive shaft 34 I mount a cat :.5 winch 334, see Figure 4, which cat winch is provided with brake drums 336. Brake bands 338 are associated with the brake drums 336, and one end of each brake band is connected to a support 346 mounted on supporting channels 342,"1'10 see Figure l. Supporting channels 342 may be bolted to the cross members 344 bolted to the frames 44 and 46. Ihe other ends of the brake bands 338 are connected with arms 346 lXedly related to a bar 348 rotatably journaled in bear- '115 ings 350 mounted on the members 344, see Figures 1 and 4. Bar l348 is connected with an arm 352 pivotally connected with one end of a link 354 havingits other end pivotally connected with an arm 356 xedly related to a shaft 358 rotat-"fo ably journaled in bearings 360 bolted to the derrick Afloor 32, see Figures 1 and 2. Shaft 358 terminates in an upstanding lever 362 through the medium ofv which the shaft may be rotated for actuating the brake bands 338, see Figures 2"*25 and 4.

Cat winch 334v includes a dog clutch part 364 arranged to be engaged by a dog clutch collar 366 splined to the main drive shaft 34 and connected with a lever 368 pivotally connected at 31|) with-130 the support 306, see Figure 4. The lower end of -thelever4 368 is pivotally connected with a rod 312 pivotally connected at its opposite end with a lever 314, see Figure 4. Thus, the cat Winch 334, which is loosely mounted on the main drive' 35 shaft 34, may be fXedly-related to the drive shaft for rotation therewith through actuation of the lever 314.

The cat winch 334 includes a spool flange 316 which is alsol provided with a line transfer slot "'40 318, see Figure 2. Spool 380 of the cat winch constitutes a supply for the line which may be transferred onto the operating spool 382.. During operation, an occasion might arise in which the line paid out from the operating spool 382 is.45 not in proper alignment with the hole being drilled. The cat winch is located somewhat to one side of the hole being drilled, and to provide proper alignment for the line, the service spool 382 of the cat winch may be provided with fac- 1.50 ing 384 which may be made sectional and secured to the spool by means of bolts 386, see Figure 4.

The facing is tapered-for bringing the spooled line into proper alignment.

A sand reel 388 is rotatably journaled in bearings 390 mounted on supports 392, one of which" is illustrated in Figure 1. These supports may be bolted to the frames 42, 44 and 46. Sand reel 388 includes a flange 394 provided with a line transfer slot 396 to provide a supplywo spool 398 and a service spool 400. Brake bands 402 pass about drums 404 each having an end connected with an eye bolt 406 anchored to a bracket 498 bolted to one of the I-beams 54, see Figure l. The opposite ends of the brake bandsg 5 are connected with arms 4|0 iixedly related to a shaft 4|2 rotatably journaled in bearings 4|4 bolted to the brackets 408, see Figures l and 2.

y Shaft 4|2 terminates in a lever 4|6 additionally position on, the derrick oor.

In drilling in 'some localities, it is necessary to provide a well for supplying water to the job. It is common practice to dig a well and employ a pump for lifting the water. 14, I illustrate a well casing 420 and a pump rod 422 in association with a packing, gland 424, which Well casing is located a short distance to one side of the gas or oil Well being drilled.`

i mounted on the pilot shaft 238 and the adjacent arm 2360i" the rocker arm 230 is bored for the reception of a U-bolt 440 which passes over one spoke of the sprocket for iixedly relating the same to the arm236, so that the sprocket will be oscillated through `oscillatory movementof the rocker arm. A pitman 442 is made up of sections 444 and 446 adjustably connected together by bolts 448, with the section 444 terminating in an eye y|) for thereception of a bolt` y452 `connected With'` the rocker arm 230. The rocker arm `may be provided with a series of openings 454 for selective reception ofthe bolt 452 so `as `to vary the effective length of the rocker arm for oscillat ing the sprocket 438. Figure 17 illustrates thel crank arm |94 as also being provided with a series of openings 456 for the selective reception of the Wrist pin 458.

A run of chain 46D has one end edly related to thesprocket 438 byaLU-bolt 462, and the other end of the chain is connected With a pump rod 464 passing through a packing gland 466 which may be associated with the upper end of the well casing 468; Pump rod 464 is actuated for oil pumping purposes in the drilled hole. In an arrangement according to Figure 17, the sprocket Wheel 438 is substituted forthe pilot wheel 240,

and the pitman .442 is substituted for thepitman |98 so as to secure a shorter pitman reach which renders the rocker arm, 230, in combination .with the sprocket 438, operable for pumping purposes.

To the main drive shaft 34 `I key a sprocket 410, see Figure v4, `for connection `with a chain ,l

412 which passes over a sprocket; 414 for drlv` ing the sand reel 388, see Fig. 2. One of the brake drums 404 is provided with a clutch 416 through l the medium of `which the sand reel may be roi tated. Clutch 416 is preferably connected with the shaft 4 2 of the sand reel braking lever 4|6 so as to permit actuation of the clutch. Thus, in`

one position of the lever`4|6, the clutch will be engaged, while in another `position the clutch` will be disengaged `and the brake applied. Such mechanisms are well known in the art and need not be described in further detail.

My invention is designed to handle all. jobs ,e which might arise in connection with digging wells of the oil and gas type., The apparatus is compactly arranged so as to require a relatively small amount of derrick floor space, and the controls for the different `operating units are advantageously located so as to be within easy reach of the operator. For cable tool drilling, the acltion |92 operates the cable in such a manneras to actuate thedrill with a rapid release. `Rocker arm 230 is connected with .the crank arm` of the main drive shaft 34vthrough the lmedium of a In Figures 2 and pitman of such length as `to cause the crank to impart a rapid action to the rocker arm when the line is released for dropping the drill. l i

Action |92 is located directly over the hole being drilled, and elimination ofthe conventional beam simplifies the drilling procedure. The apparatus is assembled as a unit and requires about one-fourth of the derrick floor space of con--` ventional beam apparatus. The apparatus eliminates the necessity of putting infback twist to keep the line fromv kinking above the usual clamps, in addition to eliminating `inconveniences experienced in running pipe. more easily portable than the conventional systems now in use.

The foundation frame heavy loads and the floating beam arrangement` reinforces the general frame structureso as to withstandr heavy duty service. Action being located directly over the hole, distinguishes` The apparatus is i `15 is designed to, support g from spudder devices which operate' over the rig.

My action eliminates the tight and loose hitches common in theart of drilling wells, and the bull" wheel may be easily controlled to pull up the line as easily as to lend slack thereto. Thus,I 'fa cilitatethe manipulation of fishing `tools and make it possible to jar up the holefas fast as the tools come loose.

of putting in back twist. Accommodation isV provided for the use of a rotary apparatus. Havingthus described certain embodiments o my invention in detail, it is, of course, urnglerstoodv that I do not desire to limit the` scope thereof to the exact details set forth except in` sofar as those details `may be dened inthe appended claims.`

I 'claimz i f 1`. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft,` a` spudding action .operatively connected Since there is no slack line hanging over the rig, I eliminate the necessity i e with the drive shaft and the drill line, and means for paying out the drill line as the depth of 'the well increases, said spudding action includinga pilot wheel `and an action wheel located between the pilot wheel andthe `crown `sheavc for pe-` y riodically exerting a lateral pull on the drill line and releasingV the same, to `raise and lower` the line run connected with the drill.

2. In adrilling apparatus,the combinatinnk of arcrown sheave, a drill line passing over the' sheave yfor connection with a drill, a drive shaft,`

a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line over the hole being `drilled,fand means for paying out the drill line as thedepth lof the well increases, said spudding l l action including a pilot` wheel .and an action wheel located betweenthe pilot wheel and the crown sheavefor loopingthe `drill lineV and releasing the same,` to raise and lower the linerun connected with the'drill. L

3L` In a` drilling apparatus, the rcombination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the` sheave for connection with `a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line over the hole being drilled, and means yfor paying out the drill lineas the depth of the well increases, said spudding i action including a pilot element and an action element located betweenV the pilot element and the crown sheave for looping the drill line and releasing the same, to raise andy lower the line run` connected with the drill.` e 1 4. I n a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave,v a drill line passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft .and the drill line, and means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot wheel and an action wheel located between the pilot wheel andthe crown sheave for periodically exertinga lateral pull on the drill line and release of the saine, to raise and lower the line run connected with the drill, said pilot Wheel .holding the line run connected with the drill centered with respect to the hole being drilled in all positions of the action wheel. Y

y 5.y In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the crown sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a rocker arm having an action element carried thereby, a Apilot wheel mounted for rotation about the aXis of the rocker arm, a crank connected with the drive shaft, and a pitman connection 1between said crank and the rocker y arm yfor oscillating the latter, said action element being lccatedbetween the pilot wheel and the crown sheave and being moved by the rocker arm for periodically looping the drill line and releasing the same, to raise and lower the line run connested with vthe drill.

'6. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line, means for pay- `ing out the drill line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot Wheel and anactionwheel located between the pilot wheel andthe crown sheave for periodically exerting a lateral pull on the drill line and releasing ther same, to raise and lower the line run connected with the drill, a derrick for supporting the crown sheave, a foundation for the derrick, including a sill frame,l and a reinforcing frame operatively connected with the vsill frame, said reinforcing' frame including a floating beam structure cooperabley on certain sills in said sill frame to `resist buckling, of the same.

7. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave forconnection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft andthe drill line over the hole being drilled, means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot element and an action element located between the pilot element and the'crown sheave for looping ythe drill line and releasing the same, to raise and lower the line run connected with the drill, a cat winch mounted on said drive shaft, and clutch and brake means for said cat Winch.

8. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave forconnection with a drill, adrive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line over the hole being drilled, means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot element and an action element n located between the pilot element and the crown sheave for looping the drill line and releasing the saine, to raise and lower the'line run connected with the drill, a sand'reel, and an operating drive between the sand reel and said drive shaft.

9. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing ovel` the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line over the hole being drilled, means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot element and an action elementflocated between the pilot element and the crown sheave for looping the drill line and releasing the same, to raise and lower the line run connected with the drill, a cat winch mounted on said drive shaft, a brake for the cat Winch, clutch means for operatively connecting and disconnecting the cat winch with respect to the drive shaft, and a sand reel operatively connected with said' drive shaft.

l0. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line over the hole being drilled, means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the well'increases, said spudding action including a pilot element and an action element located between the lpilot element and the crown sheave for looping lthe drill line and releasing the same, to raise and ylower the line run connected with the drill, a cat winch mounted on said drive shaft, a brake for the cat winch, clutch means for operatively connecting and disconnecting the cat winch with respect to the drive shaft, a sand reel operatively connected with said drive shaft, and a calf wheel operatively connected with said drive shaft.

l1. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft,

n a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the' drill line, means for paye ing out the drill line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot wheel and an action wheel located between the pilot wheel and the crown sheave for periodically exerting a lateral pull on the drill line and re-l leasing the same, to raise and lower the line run` connected with the drill, said means including a bull wheel shaft upon which the drill line is wound and afriction wheel fixedly related to the bull Wheel shaft, a friction wheel xedly related to the driveshaft, and means for bringing the friction wheel of the bull wheel shaft into frictional engagement with the friction wheel on the drive shaft.

12. In a drilling' apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line, means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot Wheel and an action wheel located between the pilot wheel and the crown sheavefor periodically exerting a lateral rpull on the drill line and re-v leasing the same, to raise and lower the line run connected with the drill, said means including a bull wheel shaft upon which the drill line is` tional engagement with the friction wheel on the drive shaft, and brake means for the bull wheel shaft.

13. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over thel sheave for connection with a drill, a driveshaft,

a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line, means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the well `increases, said spudding action including a pilot wheel andan action wheel located between the pilot wheel and the crown sheave for periodically' exerting a lateral pull on the drill line .and releasing the same, to raise and lower the line run connected with the drill, said means including a bull wheel shaft upon which the drill line is wound and a friction wheel lxedly related to the bull wheel shaft, a friction wheel fixedly relatedv to the drive shaft, means for bringing the friction wheel Aof the bull wheel shaft into frictional engagement with the friction wheel on the drive shaft, brake means forthe bull wheel shaft, a cat winch mounted on said drive shaft, clutch meansk for operatively connecting the ycat winch with the drive shaft, and a brake for the cat winch. y

i4. In a drilling apparatus, the combination of n a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave for. connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action operatively connected with the driveshaft and the drill line, means for paying out the drill line as the depth ofthe Well increases, said sp-udding action including a pilot wheel and an action wheel located between the pil-ot Wheel and the crown sheave for periodically 'exerting a lateral pull on the drill line and rei leasing the same, to raise and'lower the line run connected with the drill, said means including a bull vwheel yshaft upon which the drill line is wound and al friction wheel fixedlyvrelated to the bull Wheel shaft, a friction wheel xedly related to the drive shaft, means for bringing the friction wheel of the b-ull wheel shaft into frictional engagement with the friction wheelon the drive shaft, brake means for the bull wheel shaft, a cat winch mounted on said drive shaft, clutch means for operatively connecting the cat winch with the drive shaft, a brake for the cat Winch, a sand reel, a clutch actuated drive for connecting the sand reel with said drive shaft, and a brake for the sand reel.

15: In a drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave `for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding `action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line, means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the Well lin-v creases, said spudding. action including a pilot wheel and an action wheel located between the pilot Wheel and the crown sheave for periodically exertinga lateral pull on the drill line and releasing the same,.to raise and lower the line run connected with the drill, said means including a bull wheel shaft upon which the drill line is wound and a friction wheel iixedlyV related `to the bull wheelshaft, a friction wheel iixedly related to the'drive shaft, means for bringing the friction `wheel of the bull wheel `shaft into frictional engagement with the friction wheel on the drive shaft, brake meansfor the bull wheel shaft, a cat winch mounted on said drive shaft, rclutch means for operatively connectingV the cat winch with the drive shaft, a `brake for the cat winch, a sand reel, a clutch actuated drive for connecting the sand reel with said drive shaft, a brake for the sand reel, `and a calf wheel r operativelyconnected with said drive shaft.

' 16. In a 'drilling apparatus, the combination of a crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding` vaction 'operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill lnevover` the hole being drilled,

means for paying out the drill line as the depth rof the well` increases, said spudding action including `i7. In a drilling apparatus, thecombinationof o a crown sheave, a drillline passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft, a spudding action voperatively connected with the drive shaft and the drill line over the hole being drilled,

means for paying out the drillline as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot wheel and an action wheel located between the drill line and releasing the same, to raise and lower the line run connected with the drill, land `means for slidably mounting.\the spudding aci tion, to permit the latter tolse` shifted to one side of the hole being drilled.

18. In a drilling apparatus, kthe combination of 20 `the pilot wheel and the crown sheave for looping i a crown sheave, a drill line passing lover the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft,` a spudf ding action operatively connectedwith the drive` shaft and the drill line overfthe hole being drilled, means for paying out the drill `line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding actionincluding the pilot wheel and the crown sheave for looping spudding action including a rocker arm for supporting the actionwheel, a crank xedly related to the drivey shaft and provided with a wrist pin,

' a pilot wheel and an action Wheel located between V l the drill lineand releasing the same, to raise and lower theline run connected with the drill, said a pitman connecting the wrist pin Withthe rocker nected withthe rocker arm, and said pilot wheel being detachable for connection with said Wrist pin for actuating the hole.

the drill line for spudding` in' arm, said `action wheel being detachably con- 19. In a drillingapparatus', the combination of Va crown sheave, a drill line passing over the sheave for connection with a drill, a drive shaft,` a spudding action operatively connected with the drive shaft and the drilll line over the hole being drilled, means for paying out the drill line as the depth of the well increases, said spudding action including a pilot wheel and an action Wheel 1ocated between the pilot wheel and 4the crown sheave for looping the drill line and releasing the same, to raise and lower theline run connected with the drill, said spuddingaction including a rocker `arm for supporting the action wheel, a crank iixedly related to the drive shaft andprovided with a wrist pin, a pitman connectingthe wrist pin with the rocker arm,` said action wheel being detachably connected with the rocker arm,

'said pilotwheel being detachable for connection with said wrist pin 'for actuating the drill line for` f spudding in thehole, a shaft for pivotally mounting therocker arm, said pilotwheel being rotatably connected with said shaft,a pump arm cono nected with said last-named shaft, a rotary drill unit shaft, and means for operativelyconnecting the rotary drill unit shaft with said drive shaft.

HARRY W.*HUBER.

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