US2190070A - Pumping unit - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 13, 1940.

H. A. HOLZER I PUMPING UNIT Filed Sept. 14, 1938 3 Sheets-$heet l i INVENTOR Mia/n fl f/o/zer:

ATTORNEY Feb. 13, 1940. H. A..HOLZER PUMPING UNIT Filed Sept. 14, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I NVENTOR Mm! r2 lva/zer TTORNEY H. A. HOLZER PUMPING UNIT Feb. 13, 1940.

Filed Sept. 14, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Feb. 13, 1940 1 UNITED STATE PUMPING n te V Hiram A. Holzer, Pittsburg, Rana, assignor to ..United.lron.works' Company, a .corp'oration of Delaware lf'ittsburg Rana,

Application September 14,1938, Serial No.- 229,907

--'I'his invention relates to apumping unitsuch movements of the rods, and to provide a variable counterbalance acting upon the rods incidental to oscillation of the beam of the pumping unit. In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, as hereinafter described, I have provided improved details of structure, the preferred form of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a pumping unit constructed in accordance with the present in-;

" construction thereof.

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the unit vention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the pen dulum counterbalance mechanism, a part of which is shown in section to better showing thebeam'at the end of the downstroke illustrate the in full lines and at theend or the upstroke in dotted lines. a

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the unit. I

Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of the beam supporting'fork.

Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of one of the pendulum counterbalances and its associated bell crank. l

Fig. 7 is a cross-section through the pendulum on the line 'l--'! of Fig. 6, showing adjustable mounting of a pendulum weight.

Referring more in detail to the drawings:

I designates a pumping unit constructed in;

accordance with the present invention, and which .includes longitudinal sills 2 and 3 preferably formed of I-beams and having base flanges 4 adapted to seat on a suitable foundation 5. The base flanges 4 of the sills curve upwardly over the ends of the web 6 as indicated at 1 andB, to provide runners whereby the unit may be shifted to and from its position on the foundation 5. The sills'2 and; are connected at their ends by cross members 9 and I0 and at intermediate points along the length thereof with suitable cross bracing so that they rigidly support the operating units mounted on the upper flanges ll thereof, as now to be described.

Mounted on the flanges H, in spaced relation with the forward ends I of the sills, is a walking beam supporting structure or Samson post It? comprising side frames I3 and I! each having upwardly inclined legs I5 and 16 connected at their upper ends by structural members 11 having outwardlydi'rcted flanges Hi to mount'bearings [9. The legs are also connected at their lower ends at a point spaced above the flanges I I, by cross members 20, and at intermediate points by smaller cross members 2| to form a rigid frame. spective side frames by gussets 22 are upwardly and rearwar'dlydirected angles 23 cooperating with similarangles 'flto mount a rest or seat 25 for the walking beam 26 when it is to be moved to inoperative position. The side frames l3 and I4 may also be interconnected by suitable cross bracing to rigidly retain the spaced Attached to the legs I6 of the rerelation thereof. Oscillatably journalled in the u bearings] I 9 are the trunnions 21 of a beam supporting and shifting fork28 having a body portion 29 carrying the trunnions and upwardly extending arms 30 terminating in bearings 3| to mount the trunnions 32 of a conventional beam saddle 33h The beam 26 is illustrated in the drawings as comprising an I-beam, having a vertical web 34 and upper and lower horizontal flanges 35 and 36, the central portion of the beam preferably being stiffened by vertical and longitudinal webbing 31 onthe respective sides of thebeam web as shown in Figs. 1 and 3; The beam saddle 33 is secured to the lower flange of the beam by suitable fastening devices 38 as in conventional practice. ,Fixed to the forward end of the beam by brackets .39 and 40 respectively attached to the upper and lowerfianges thereof is a head or rod hanger 4| consisting of plates 42 attachedto the brackets by fastening, devices such as bolts 43 and. extending through adjacent cor-, hers thereof, one of the boltsbeing removable sothatthe other may serve as a pivot to swing the hanger upwardly over the top of the beam when pulling rods or servicing the well as in customary practice.

The plates 42 extend downwardly and forwardly and carry bearings. 45 to journal a rod support 46. through which a polish rod 41 ex-, tends and is supported by a rod clamp "clamped thereon and-seated against the upper portion of the support as clearly shown in Fig. 1.

Fixed to the rear end of the beam is a bracket 49 carrying an equalizer 50 consisting of spaced channel members Stand 52 connected at their centers by a bracket 53 having upwardly ex? tending arms 54 to cooperate with the bracket 49 vin mounting a connecting pin 55 by which the equalizeris pivotally connected with the nel members 5I and 52 of the equalizer are bearings 56 and 51 mounting a cross pin 58, carrying bearings 59 that connect with the upper ends of pitmans 60 and Bi having their lower ends connected with actuated levers 62 and B3.

The actuating levers are arranged longitudinally of the respective sides of the pumping unit and have their forward ends 64 journalled on studs 65'projecting from brackets 66 mounted on the webs of the cross channels 20, previously mentioned. The rear ends of the levers are formed to provide slotted Wrist pin box guides" 61 which are of suilicient length to accommodate throw of the cranks 68 and 69 of a power unit Ill. spaced webs 'II and 82 carrying bearings'IB mounting pivot pins-I4 to which the lower end of the pitman rods 60 and GI. are pivotally connected.

Slidable in the slotted guideway of the respective levers are wrist pin boxes I5 and I6 journalling the wrist pins I! of the crank arms 68 and69. The power unit 18 is mounted on the rearends of the sills andincludes a speed reducing mechanism indicated by the housing 19, the power input shaft of which carries a pulley BI that is driven from a drive pulley 82 of a prime mover 83 through driving belts B l as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The prime mover in the illustrated instance is an internal combustion engine mounted on the upper flanges of the longitudinal sills at a point in the rear of the Samson-post structure previously described. I

In order to shift the beam during, oscillation thereof so as to maintain a. straight lift on the rods, the fork 28 has a depending arm 85 that is connected by a link 86 with an arm 8! pivotally depending from theforward end of the beam. The connecting link 86 has yoke-shaped ends 88 and 89 for receiving the heads 90 and 9| on the depending ends of the arms '85 and 81 respectively, and which are pivotally connected therewith by cross pins 82 and Q3. The upper end of the arm 8'! has a yoke S ipivotally .con-. nected with a depending ear on the beam by a cross pin 96.

Mounted on the forward ends of the sills are bearing supporting brackets 9'! and 98 having bearings 99 and I06 and mounted therein are stub shafts NH and IE2 carrying bell cranks I03 and I04 having forwardly directed arms I05 which have their terminal ends provided with bearings I05 journalled on the ends of the pin 93 previously mentioned. 7

The depending arm 81, including the bell cranks I03 and I04, constitutes a part of a pendulum counterbalance unit II)? to counterbalance weight of the rods and fluid for -facilitating lift thereof, thereby imparting a smoother operation. The pendulum mechanism includes the other lever-arms Hill of the respective bell cranks which project rearwardly from the hubs of the bell cranks IE5 and IM at such an angle that when the forward end of the beam is at the upper end of its stroke the arms are located at an angle of approximately 15 with respect to perpendicular. The rearwardly' extending arms have-vertically slotted guideways I09 for adjustably mounting counterbalance weights I it. The 'counterbalances are illustrated as consisting of substantially circular disks having diametrical' grooves 'III and H2 on the opposite Side faces thereof to accommodate the side portions of the pendulum arms, the "upperland lower Extending upwardly-from the levers are" side faces H3 and H4 of the grooves being slidable on laterally projecting flanges H5 and H6 of the arms. In the illustrated instance the weights are diametrically bored and threaded as at II! to threadedly connect with adjustin shaftsjhaving ends I18 journalled in bearings H9 adjacent the hubs of the bell cranks and their opposite ends journalled in a plate I20 closing the slots in thefree ends of the" pendulum arms as best shown in Fig. 2. The rear ends of the screw shafts have operating cranks I2I and the forward ends have groove shoulders 122- and I23 engaging the respective sides of the bearings IIQ so that when the screw shafts jare rotated bythe cranks the weights are adjusted along the respective arms to vary moments of the counterbalancing forces acting on the. pendulum levers. If desired, the bell cranks may be provided with arms I24 to connect with the pull rod I25 of a conventional pumping jack (not shown), so that the pumping unit may housed in pumping one or more wells.

The operation of a pumping unit constructed and assembled as described, is as follows:

Assuming the beam tobe in the position shown infuli lines in Fig. 3, and the cranks rotating in the direction of the arrow, the Wrist pin box slides toward the rear ends of the guides swinging the lever arms downwardly and moving the forward end of the beam upwardly incidental to the pull exerted on the pitman rods 60 and Iii. As the wrist pins move across top dead center the speed. of the rods gradually increases to maximum when the wrist pins are swinging across horizontal centers. As the wrist pins are carried below horizontal position with respect to axis of rotation, the speed of the rods gradually decreases to the point where the wrist pins cross lower dead center where the lift approaches zero and the beam comes to rest at the upper end of its stroke. At the wrist pins move upwardly from bottom dead center direction of i the beam is reversed and the effective leverage acting upon the lever arms gradually shortens since the wrist pins are moving toward the fulcrum points thereof, consequently the arcuate movement of the lever arms increases to produce a more rapid downward movement of the rods, which gradually accelerates toward the horizontal position of the beam and then gradually retards until the beam comes torest at its lowermost position as the wrist pins are moving across top dead center.

It is thus apparent that the sliding wrist pin box connection of the pitman control levers with the cranks causes the rods'to move downwardly at a more rapid rate and lift at a slower rate which is in correspondence to load carried on the beam. Maximum power is applied when the beam is lifting the weight of the rods, including the wellfluid, and minimum power when the: rods are moving downwardly in the well. The forward end thereof is kept ina perpen dicular line of travel so that the pull of the rods is applied directly in line with the axis thereof. For explanation, as the depending arm 81 is reciprocated incidental to rocking movement of the beam, the bellcranksl03 and I04, connected therewith, are moved in an arcuate path as indicated in Fig. 3, to effect horizontal swinging movement of the depending arm 85 through the link connectionflfi. Swinging movement of the arm 85 causes oscillatory movement of the fork to shift the beam in a forward direction as it passes 'aboveand below horizontal center whereby the rod carrier of the beam hang er" is kept in a perpendicular line of travel to impart straight lift to the rods.

Oscillation of the beam also effects swinging of the pendulum weights H0 about the axis of the trunnions In! and H12 from a position sub stantially below the axis of the trunnions when the beam is in its uppermost position and where the effective leverage of the weights is only sufficient to maintain stretch of the rods incidental to the weight of the fluid acting thereon. As the pin moves downwardly the pendulum counterbalances swing upwardly to gradually apply a counterbalancing effect on the weight of the rods as they move downwardly in the well. As the movement of the beam is reversed the pendulum weights swing downwardly toward the dotted line position, Fig. 3, and as they cross horizontal center, the effective leverage thereof gradually reduces as the rods approach a stop prior to reversal of movement of the beam. 7

From the foregoing it is obvious that I have provided a pumping unit applying a variable and differential speed. of the up and down strokes imparted to the rods and wherein the lifting forces are kept in axial alignment with the rods thereby avoiding bending tendency of the polish rod. i

It is also obvious that the rods are counterweighted by means of a variable applied counter- 1 balance to provide for smoother operation, reduced power consumption, and less failure 0 the rods.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: f

1. In a pumping unit of the character described, a fixed support, a walking beam, a link having one end pivotally mounted'on the support, means swingingly fulcruming the walking beam on the other end of the link, means for oscillating the walking beam, 2. bell crank having a fixed pivotal support, a link connecting one arm 1 of the bell crank with the walking beam, a counterbalance weight on the other arm of the bell crank, and means connecting the bell crank with said link that is mounted on the fixed support to efiect shifting movement of the beam incidental to oscillation thereof.

2. A pumping unit of'the character described including a supporting frame, a standard on the supporting frame, a walking beam, means swingingly fulcruming the walking beam on the standard, means for oscillating the walking beam, a bell crank, means pivotally supporting the bell crank on said frame, a link connecting one arm of the bellcrank with the walking beam at a point spaced from said swinging fulcrum means,

a counterbalance weight on the other arm of the bell crank, and means connecting the bell crank with said fulcruming means to effect shifting a movement of the beam incidental to pivotal movement of the bell crank.

3. A pumping unit of the character described including a supporting frame, a standard on the supporting frame, a walking beam, means swingingly fulcrumlng the walking beam on the standard, a lever pivotally connected with the standard and having a guide track, a pitman connecting the lever with the beam, an operating crank hav ing a wrist pin, a box for said wrist pin slidable in the guide track, a lever arm,means pivotally supporting the lever arm on said frame, a link connecting the lever arm with the walking beam,

and means connecting the lever arm with said fulcruming means to effect shifting movement of the beam.

4. A counterbalance for pumping units including' a bell crank having an arm adapted to be connected with a walking beam of a pumping;

.of the bell crank, and means on the bell crank for connecting a second pumping unit.

6. A pumping unit of the character described including a standard, a walking beam, means pivotally mounting the walking beam. on the standard, means for oscillating the walking beam including means, for applying variable power tosaid beam, and a counterbalancing mechanism including a bell-crank lever having a counterbalance arm and an arm pivotally connected with the walking beam, said arms of the bellcrank being arranged at an angle to each other for effecting variable moments of counterbalance leverage in synchronism with said variable power means.

7. A pumping unit of the character described including a standard, a walking beam, means ,pivotally mounting the walking beam on the standard, means for oscillating the walking beam,

a support, a bell-crank pivoted on the support and having a counterbalance arm and a second arm arranged at an angle to the counterbalance arm, a counterbalance on said counterbalance arm, and a link havingone end pivotally con link being of sufficient length to maintain said counterbalance arm in depending relation when the walking beam is at the upper limit of its movement whereby the moment of said counterbalance gradually increases to a maximum as the walking beam approaches its lower limit.

8. A pumping unit of thecharacter described including a standard, a link pivotally mounted on the standard, a walking beam pivoted tothe link, an arm rigidly depending from the link, a bell-crank lever, means pivotally supporting the bell-crank lever, means connecting an arm of the bell-crank with the walking beam, a link connecting said. arm of the bell-crank lever with said depending arm, and a counterbalance on another arm of said bell-crank lever.

9. A pumping unit of the character described including a supporting frame, a standard on the frame, a walking beam, means swingingly fulcruming the walking beam on the standard, a lever pivotally connected with the standard and having a guide track, a pitman connecting the lever with the beam, an operating crank having ,nected with said second arm and, having its other end connected with the walking beam, said a wrist pin, a boss for said wristjpin slidable in theguide track, a variable moment counterbalance means connected withthe walking beam,

and means connecting said counterbalance means with said fulcruming means to shift the walking EIRAM A. HOLZER,

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