US2189447A - Hoisting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 6, 1940. H, F, M RTI 2,189,447

HO ISTING APPARATUS Original Filed Sept. 26, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet lw L/fi? //7 E. g. E

INVENTOR. Hen/y F/Varf/n Feb. 6, 1940- H. F. MARTIN HOISIING APPARATUS Original Filed Sept. 26, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENT'OR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Feb. 6, 1940 rrics HOISTING APPARATUS Henry F. Martin, Detroit, Mich., assignor. to: De-

troit Hoist anrl- Machine Company, Detroit, Mich., a-corporation of Michigan Renewed March 25, 1939 Application September 26, 1936, Serial No. 102,655

V 6Claims. (01.254-167) This-invention relates to hoist apparatus of the cable type andmore particularly relates to a multi speed drum and means associated therewith for maintaining a hoist hook to movement ina vertical line in raising or lowering an. object. In machine shops, it, is often necessary tohandle heavy castings for instance; which require to be placed on the bedof a machine or in a pre- 1 determined position on another element and then lifted'therefrom. In the raising andlowering of the casting or other object, the speed with which the object may be moved in dropping the same I from a carrier to the desired position maybe very rapid but requires to be sloweddown materially as the object approaches its final position in order that the'workman may not injure the machine parts or the casting or the element with which the object is to be associated and also enable the workman to accurately position the same. In such operation, it is important that the object at all times be moved in the same vertical plane in order that the workman may not be required to swing the heavy object to one side or the other of its plane of movement. In multi-speed drums as heretofore made, the object, while the cable is running off both drums moves in one plane and shifts laterally to occupy a different plane as the cable is completely unwound from the drum of lesser diameter. ,7 The purpose ofthis invention is to prevent such lateral'movement of the object as it enters the slow zone-through operation of a multi-speed drum, and the invention further involves the means. of fastening the cable to the drum of smallerdiameter so that the cable end may freely swivel in relation thereto and extend on a direct.

radial line therefrom without causing a sharp bend first in one direction and then in the other in the end of the cable in unwinding from and 0 then rewin'cling thereon in the reverse direction as in structures heretofore in use. These and other objects and the several novel features of the invention are hereinafter more fully described and claimed; and the preferred form of construction of a multi-spee'd hoist apparatus is shownin the accompanying drawings in which-- Fig. 1 is aside elevation of my improved hoist mechanism built as a traveling hoist. Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof.

Fig. 3 is an elevation showing an end view of the two-diameter drum and the relationship of the. cable ends respectively attached to the two parts of the drum and the means for maintain- 5 ing a sheaveshookrunning in the. loop of the or of the carrieron the I beam H5.

drum 3, the cable having one end attached to cable in a vertical line in winding or unwinding v the cable on the drum' parts. Fig. 4 is a. face el'evationof the drum cable and sheave-hook. i

Fig. 5 is a. sectional elevation of the drum and cable thereon taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 6; Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the drum showing the means of fastening. an end of the cable there-. to taken on line 6-45 of Fig. 5. Y

In Figs. 1 and? is shown a'hoistutilizing"my' invention which is of the traveling carrier type including a casing or body Hi0 having arms H I and I I2 respectively carrying rollers. 3' on the one side and M4 on the other side of an I beam H5 as will be understood from Fig. 2. A motor is indicated at Mt having thecontrol cables Ill and H8 for operating my improved hoist drum and cable mechanism for the lowering or raising of an object'by rotation of the drum shaft i. The mechanism existing between the drum and motor (not here shown) being commonly in use-and not of importance, the invention consisting more specifically in the drumand cable mechanism than in the mechanism for operation of the drum shaft In Figs. 3' and 4 is shownan end and a face elevation of the two-part drum which consists of a small diameter drum 2 and a large diameter the smaller drum and the other to the larger to be wound thereon or unwound therefrom through operation of the shaft i in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction.

The cable 5, as shown in Fig. 3, has one end attached to the smaller drum (the construction of 35 the attachment being hereinafter described) while the opposite end of the cable is attached in any convenient manner to the large diameter drum as by introducing an end. 50 through an aperture 5| into a recessiil in which is secured 0 a block 53 engaging about the outturned" end 50 of the cable. The cable 5 passes from the small diameter drum over the auxiliary pulley 6 as is indicated in Figs. 1 and 3 andby use of this pulley, the hook 7 carried by the sheave 8 through 45.

which'the cable runs'may be raised or lowered and insuch movement constantly maintained in a vertical plane.

Heretofore, asis shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3,, the cable 5a is wound up on the small drum at 50 the one end and at the opposite end is wound on the large diameter drum and the hook occupies a position 8a as shown in the said Fig. 3. When. the cable becomes unwound from the small diameter drum, the line Ed at the left ofthe small 55 1 diameter drum will at the attached end be turned to the position shown at 52) and thus is moved a distance the full diameter of the small diameter drum 2 and this, as shown by the dotted lines in said Fig. 3, causes the hook to move laterally and in such former constructions of multi-speed drum as illustrated by the dotted lines would cause the weight carried by the hook to shift in position as the hook and weight are moving through the slow zone due to the cable then running only off the large diameter pulley and winding on the small diameter drum.

It is the shift in position of the object which is most undesirable as many objects of considerable weight should not only be moved slowly and automatically as they approach final position but due to the great weight, the weight should not require to be shifted laterally in position by the operator.

With my improved arrangement of the drum and hoist cable arrangement, no lateral shift of the sheave hook and of the object supported by the hook I thereon occurs in the lowering of an object or in the raising thereof. This result is attained through use of the auxiliary drum or pulley 6 over which the cable from the small diameter drum runs and thus, as shown in full lines in Fig. 3, the cable portion X from the pulley 6 and Y from the large diameter drum 3 constantly extend at the same angle to the vertical line of movement of the hook I and pulley 3. While the angle of the cable portions X and Y change due to the raising or lowering of the hook, both cable portions extend at the same angle to a vertical line at any point of travel of the hook from the full line position shown to below such position. The pulley 8 can be raised somewhat higher than shown in the drawing and could be raised to a height where the pulley 8 would come close to the periphery of the large drum 3 if raised that high. In normal operations of the device, however, the pulley hangs considerably below such point when at its normal uppermost position as indicated in full lines in Fig. 3.

The operation of the multi-speed drum to secure movement through what is herein termed a fast and a slow zone is believed obvious. When the pulley 8 and hook I are in uppermost position, as shown in Fig. 3, the two-part drum, through operation of the shaft or by reason of the object being handled, takes cable from both drums and thus moves at a rapid pace through a certain distance and, when the cable is fully unwound from the small diameter drum and only the large diameter drum unwinding and the cable winding up on the small diameter drum, the speed of movement of the hook and object carried thereby is materially lessened thus enabling the article to be positioned without jar or jolt. This feature of construction is not new having been used heretofore.

The principal feature of the invention herein disclosed resides in the use of an auxiliary pulley in conjunction with a cable having its end wound on a two-diameter drum and by this means the cable portion X, which corresponds to the portion 5a of Fig. 4, constantly remains on the same side of the small diameter drum while in the two-diameter drums heretofore in use, the said cable portion moves from the dotted position shown at 5a in Fig. 3 to the dotted position 5b thus causing a lateral movement of the hook and object carried thereby.

It is necessary in constructions of this character that the cable end at the point of attachment to the small drum. be not constantly bent and rebent through the change in direction of wind on the pulley in winding or unwinding the cable thereon and also for the purpose of maintaining the cable attachment outside of the path of wind of the cable on the drum.

For this purpose, I make the large diameter drum 3 preferably integrally with the small diameter drum 2 and the flange 9 between the two drums is formed with a transverse aperture I 0 in which is mounted a cable clamp indicated generally at II. This clamp consists preferably of an outer cylindrical shell I2 and the block l3 positioned therein having a central aperture to receive the end M of the cable having an arcuate recess IS. The cable extends outwardly from the block I! into the space between the intermediate fiange 9 and the outer flange 9a of the small diameter drum and a clamping plate I6 is provided having an aperture lSa at its periphery through which the cable 5 extends into the block is, the plate l6 being held in place by two screws H and ill. The plate It is approximately of the same thickness as the cable diameter so that the outer face of the plate I6 and outer side of the cable in the groove of the small pulley are practically in the same plane and the whole cable clamp assembly rotates on the axis of the transverse aperture iti which is parallel to the axis of rotation of the drums 2 and 3. There is a locking block I9 which is set into the bottom of the groove so that the outer face 20 of the block 19 is of practically the same radial distance from the axis of rotation of the pulley as the bottom 2i of the groove of the small diameter drum 2. The block 19 is held in place by a screw 22 and this block at one edge engages against the plate l6 which prevents movement of the cable clamp assembly inwardly of the cable groove of the small diameter pulley.

In Fig. 5 is shown in dotted lines, the position of the cable 5 when wound in either direction about the core of the small diameter pulley 2 and in full lines, the cable is shown as extending on a common diameter line with the pulleys. By this arrangement, as the cable becomes unwound from the small diameter pulley and moves to the right of the position shown in full lines in Fig. 3 and begins to wind up in the opposite direction due to rotation of the. two pulleys in an anti-clockwise direction, the cable clamp assembly allows the cable end to turn and to wind up on the small pulley while the opposite end is still being unwound from the large pulley.

In the beginning of the lowering of an object connected with the hook I, the cable is unwinding from both drums and therefore lowers the object at a high rate of speed and, when the cable is completely unwound from the small diameter drum, it will, through continuance of the downward movement of the weight, begin to wind up on the small drum and thus reduce the speed of movement of the object being lowered permitting a workman to bring the object to rest in position without jerk or jolt or injury to either the support or the object being lowered to engagement therewith. As before stated, it is of particular value to the attendant in the positioning of the object being lowered in position on another element or base that he be freed from necessity of moving the object laterally as it comes to position. By my arrangement of pulleys including the idler pulley 6, the object is lowered in a direct vertical line.

It is to be understood, of course, that the car-- feature of my improved hoist apparatus. pointed out that the length-of 'thecable wound "rier TM, shown more particularly in Fig. 1, is having'a circular :aperture' opening through the moved'on its trackway M5 to the correct :posi- :tion for lowering the object carried by *the hack 1 running on the cable, However, the carrier structure may be dispensed with in some characters ofinstallation where the 'element on which the object being handled is to be positioned. may

be "brought to position to receive the object. Thus the carrier structure is not a necessary It is on the large diameter drum is greater thanfithe length thereof wound on the small diameter drum so that in rotation of the drum in the direction to unwind the cable, the cable will first unwind and then rewind on the small diameter drum while the-cable is still unwinding from the large diameter drum.

It will therefore be observed from the foregoing that, by use of the double diameter pulley or drum. and the idler pulley 6 in the position shown in respect to the small diameter drum, provides an arrangement of pulley and cable resulting in a straight-vertical movement of the hook end and object carriedthereby, either in lowering it onto a support or element or in raising it therefrom, and further that the features of construction of the pulleys, including the clamps for the cable end running on the small diameter pulley, provides a construction that permits the pulley to wind or unwind in either direction on hook is'moved along substantially the same ver- 'tical line thereby enabling an operator to bring the small diameter pulley without changing its angle in respect to the point of clamping by the plate 56 and rotation of the pulley clamp H permits the clamp end of the cable 5 to lie in contact with the bottom 2! of the groove of the small pulley in either finally unwinding or in the start of winding thereon, and that the de-' scribedstructure as a whole functions to secure the various objects and features of my invention.

Having thus fully described myinvention, its utility and mode of operation, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is: v

1. In hoisting apparatus, a large and a small diameter drum rotatable as a unit, a cable having its opposite ends connected with the respective'drums, the end of the cable winding on the small diameter drum having its end rotatably supported in the wallfiseparating the two drums and permitting the said end to freely turn Without flexing of the cable as the cable portion is unwinding therefrom and begins to wind thereon in the opposite direction, the length of the cable wound on the large diameter drum being greater than that wound onthe small diameter drum, means-including a sheave running in the loop of the cable between the drumsfor the supporting of an object, and an auxiliary pulley fixedly positioned on that side of the drums from which the cable unwinds from the large diameter drum, the loop of the cable running from-the large diameter drum through the sheave and to the auxiliary pulley whereby irrespective of the direction of rotation of the drums in winding or unwinding from the small diameter drum, the

an object carried by the hook to a predetermined position without necessity of moving the same to one side or the other of the line of movement of the hook. I

2. A hoisting apparatus comprising a drum having a large and asmall diameter portion and drum.

completely unwind from the face forming the inner face of thesmall diamethe drum plus half the diameter of the cable, a rotatable element mounted in the aperture and having-an axial aperture for receiving an endof the cable, clamping means for securing the cable therein, a plate forming a cover for the said rotatable element and having an aperture :at its periphery through which the cable runs, the arrangement providing that as the cable becomes unwound from the small diameter drum and begins to wind thereon, the rotatable clamping ter pulley, the radial distance of the axis of the v aperture from thecenter of the'small diameter drum being approximately'equal to the radius .of

element turns through strain on the cable to length of the cable wound on the large diameter drum being greater than that wound on the small diameter drum and providing a structure in which the cable loop increases rapidly in its length during rotation of the .drum unwinding the same from both the drums and when unwound from the smaller drum to wind up one end of the cable while the other end is being unwound thereby decreasing the speed with which the loop is lengthened in the continued rotation, and a pulley at one side of the drum over which the cable from the small diameter drum runs, providing a means preventing lateral movement of the loop end due to unwinding from and then rewinding on the small diameter 4. In hoisting apparatus, a large and small diameter drum rotatable as a unit, a cable having its opposite ends connected with the respective drums, the length of cable wound on the large diameter drum being greater than that wound on the small diameter drum, a hook having a sheave running in the loop of the cable between the drums for the supporting of an object, and an auxiliary pulley on that side of the two drums from which the cable winds on or unwinds from the large diameter drum and over which the cable runs to the small diameter drum providing a construction in which the hook and sheave move in substantially the same vertical line when the cable is either unwinding from or winding on the small diameter drum.

5. In a hoisting apparatus, a carriage and a trackway therefor, a drum and cable arrangement supported by the carrier, the drum having a small and a large diameter portion With a common intermediate flange, a cable having its opposite ends connected respectively with the two drums and the length of the cable wound on the large diameter drum being greater than that wound on the small diameter drum whereby, through rotation of the drum and during the unwinding of the cable therefrom, the cable will small diameter drum and then wind thereon in an opposite direction, a hook having 'a sheave running in the loop of the cable between the drums, and a pulley supported by the carrier and over which the cable from the small diameter drum runs providing a means for maintaining the hook element to movement in the same vertical line irrespective of the direction of winding or unwinding of the cable end of the small diameter drum.

6. In hoisting apparatus, a double diameter drum, the cable having its opposite ends attached to the respective drums, the length of the cable wound on the large drum being greater than the length wound on the small diameter drum whereby during the unwinding of the cable from the large diameter drum the cable unwinds from and then winds on the small diameter drum, a fastening means for the end of the cable running on the small diameter drum comprising an element rotatably supported in the Wall between the drums rotatable on an axis parallel with the axis of rotation of the drum, means comprising a plate for clamping the end of the cable in the rotatable element, and a look plate set into the bottom of the groove of the small diameter pulley substantially flush with the face thereof and preventing pulling of the rotatable element from its recess by strain on the cable.

HENRY F. MARTIN.

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