US2183302A - Method for producing coatings of high ohmic resistance in the interior of vacuum tubes - Google Patents
Method for producing coatings of high ohmic resistance in the interior of vacuum tubes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2183302A US2183302A US119369A US11936937A US2183302A US 2183302 A US2183302 A US 2183302A US 119369 A US119369 A US 119369A US 11936937 A US11936937 A US 11936937A US 2183302 A US2183302 A US 2183302A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- metallic
- coating
- resistance
- evacuating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;ruthenium Chemical group [Ru].[Ru].[Ru].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J40/00—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas
- H01J40/02—Details
- H01J40/04—Electrodes
- H01J40/06—Photo-emissive cathodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/56—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
- H01J29/88—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/88—Coatings
- H01J2229/882—Coatings having particular electrical resistive or conductive properties
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for producing electrically conductive coatings of high ohmic resistance in the interior of vacuum tubes and particularly relates to the production of extremely homogeneous coatings which maintain their resistance values over long periods of time at the operating temperatures of such vacuum tubes.
- a method whichessentially makes use of gaseous compounds only for producing the high resistance coating.
- a homogeneous metallic deposit is produced on the member supporting the-coating by means of thermal decomposition of gaseous metallic compounds, and, in order to increase the ohmic resistance of the coating, the deposit is converted into a semi-conductor, preferably with the aid of gaseous reagents.
- Metallic carbonyls are particularly suited, for the manufacture of the metallic coating, these being caused to decompose at a suitable temperature. Aside from the metallic coating, only gaseous decomposition products are formed in addition thereto and these can readily be withdrawn and expelled from the tube. If the metallic coating is then allowed to enter into reaction with a liquid or a gas, e. g. oxygen, a progressive reaction with the metallic coating will produce an increase'in ohmic resistance which depends on the depthof the coating to which the reaction proceeds.
- the gaseous metal compound e. g. nickel carbonyl, or iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, or ruthenium carbonyl
- the gaseous metal compound e. g. nickel carbonyl, or iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, or ruthenium carbonyl
- These metallic carbonyls are liquid or solid substances at room temperature and have a rather high vapor pressure.
- the thickness of the metallic mirror depends upon the temperature of the member'to be coated, the duration of the decomposition and upon the concentration or the pressure of the gaseous carbonyls.
- a decomposition period of a few seconds is ample, using the gaseous carbonyls'at a pressure of a few millimeters of mercury.
- the carbon monoxide formed as a decomposition product presents no difiicultles during the evacuation and wdegasification of vacuum tubes treated in this manner. It is also quite feasible to heat individual parts of the electrodes or the tube wall for a longer period or to higher degree than the remaining portions so that a thicker metal coating is produced thereon.
- a substance preferably a gas
- a gaseous, liquid or solid solution or compound is thus produced.
- the resulting compound is a solid non-conductor
- a metal layer will be left behind having merely a very small effective cross section.
- the reaction products are solid semi-conductors possessing a resistance which is higher to the extent of a number of magnitudes than the metal itself and which in many cases has an appreciably lesser absorption capacity, so that the coating can be made transparent to light. If the metal layer is allowed to react to the extent that it is completely changed into a semi-conductor, a coating will be obtained having very high resistance and which, due to the manner of its preparation, is completely homogeneous.
- the reaction may be influenced by suitably proportionlng the quantities of material used, or the gas pressure, temperature, and duration of the reaction.
- This method also has the advantage that the resistance may be brought to the desired value by operating on the tube while it is attached to the pump and prior to melting the same oil.
- a. nickel mirror surface is treated with oxygen, e. g. at 400 centigrade, a. nickel oxide, stable at ordinary temperature, is formed.
- a nickel coating. of several square centimeters of surface, having an initial resistance of a few ohms, may, by being converted into nickel oxide have, for example a resistance of 300,000 ohms. This resistance does not change even if the coating later comes in contact with air.
- the method of producing high resistance Wall coatings within a vacuum tube which comprises evacuating the tube, introducing a metallic gaseous carbonyl, heating the wall of said tube to cause depositing of a metallic coating thereon from said metallic gaseous carbonyl, re-evacuating said tube, and oxidizing said metallic layer.
- the method of producing a high resistance wall coating in a cathode ray tube which comprises cleaning the wall of said tube, evacuating said tube, introducing a metallic gaseous carbonyl, heating the wall of said tube to cause condensation thereon of metallic elements from said carbonyl, re-evacuating said tube, and introducing thereinto a quantity of oxygen suiiicient to convert said metallic layer to an oxide layer and finally re-evacuating said cathode ray tube.
- the method of producing high resistance wall coatings in a cathode ray tube which comprises cleaning and evacuating said tube, introducing gaseous nickel carbonyl therein, heating the wall of said tube to the condensation point of nickel from said carbonyl, re-evacuating the tube, oxidizing said condensed nickel, finally evacuating and sealing off said tube.
- the method of producing high resistance wall coatings in a cathode ray tube which comprises cleaning and evacuating said tube, introducing therein a gaseous nickel carbonyl, heating the walls of said tube to a degree correspond-- ing tothe desired thickness of a nickel coating to be deposited thereon, evacuating said tube after condensation of nickel from said gaseous carbonyl, oxidizing said nickel layer, re-evacuating and sealing off said tube.
Description
Patented Dec. 12, 1939 UNITED STATES METHOD FOR PRODUCING COATINGS OF HIGH OHltIIC RESISTANCE IN THE IN- TERHOR F VACUUM TUBES Gerhard Brauer, deceased, late of Berlin-Halensee, Germany, by Richard Braner and Magdalene Brauer, ne Naumann, heirs, Lunehurg, Hans Schwalbenberg, Germany, assignors to Fernseh A. G., Zehlendorf, near Berlin, Germany . No Drawing. Application January 6, 1937, Se-
' rial No. 119,369. In Germany January 22,
6 Claims.
This invention relates to a method for producing electrically conductive coatings of high ohmic resistance in the interior of vacuum tubes and particularly relates to the production of extremely homogeneous coatings which maintain their resistance values over long periods of time at the operating temperatures of such vacuum tubes.
It has heretofore been proposed to use currentcarrying electrodes or wall coatings, for example 10 in cathode ray tubes, across which a large potential drop is developed in the direction of the flow of the current. The electrical fields produced in this manner are utilized in the operation of the tube. Such electrodes or wall coatings must have as high a resistance as possible in the direction of the current flow in order to enable the development of the proper potential drop by means of weak currents. The use of metals or metallic alloys is excluded becausethe value of the resistance obtainable is considerably too small. The use of insulating materials upon which a very thin metal coating is applied by evaporation or spraying frequently causes difliculties because the surfaceswhich are to be coated are so shaped that a completely homogeneous coating cannot be applied by application by spraying or evaporation owing to poor accessibility. If the coatings are irregular, however, the resistance of the surface will not be the same at every point taken in a cross section perpendicular to the direction of the flow of current, and consequently the distribution of the lines of force of the electrical field produced will not have the desired shape.
In accordance with the present invention a methodis used whichessentially makes use of gaseous compounds only for producing the high resistance coating. Broadly considered, a homogeneous metallic deposit ,is produced on the member supporting the-coating by means of thermal decomposition of gaseous metallic compounds, and, in order to increase the ohmic resistance of the coating, the deposit is converted into a semi-conductor, preferably with the aid of gaseous reagents. Metallic carbonyls are particularly suited, for the manufacture of the metallic coating, these being caused to decompose at a suitable temperature. Aside from the metallic coating, only gaseous decomposition products are formed in addition thereto and these can readily be withdrawn and expelled from the tube. If the metallic coating is then allowed to enter into reaction with a liquid or a gas, e. g. oxygen, a progressive reaction with the metallic coating will produce an increase'in ohmic resistance which depends on the depthof the coating to which the reaction proceeds. I
In practising the method, the gaseous metal compound, e. g. nickel carbonyl, or iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, or ruthenium carbonyl, is introduced into the interior of the previously evacuated tube. These metallic carbonyls are liquid or solid substances at room temperature and have a rather high vapor pressure.
In storing them, and in shutting off carbonyls i from the apparatus to be coated, special safety precautions must be taken, since they decompose slowly in contact with grease, such as is used for sealing stopcocks, as well as in contact with mercury. It is therefore preferable to use glass valves for shutting off the carbonyls from the apparatus. Such valves need not be greased and they permit the admission of the carbonyls into the apparatus in a controllable manner. The portions of the apparatus which are to be coated with the layerare first carefully cleaned and then heated to -180 centigrade. This causes these portions to become covered with a rigidly adhering metallic mirror. The thickness of the metallic mirror depends upon the temperature of the member'to be coated, the duration of the decomposition and upon the concentration or the pressure of the gaseous carbonyls. In order to produce a homogeneous metal coating having a resistance of several hundred ohms, upon a surface of several square centimeters, a decomposition period of a few seconds .is ample, using the gaseous carbonyls'at a pressure of a few millimeters of mercury. The carbon monoxide formed as a decomposition product presents no difiicultles during the evacuation and wdegasification of vacuum tubes treated in this manner. It is also quite feasible to heat individual parts of the electrodes or the tube wall for a longer period or to higher degree than the remaining portions so that a thicker metal coating is produced thereon.
A substance, preferably a gas, is thereafter introduced into the tube, which enters into combination with the metal. A gaseous, liquid or solid solution or compound is thus produced. In
the case of oxydatlon a decrease in the thickness of the metal layer is produced. If the resulting compound is a solid non-conductor, a metal layer will be left behind having merely a very small effective cross section. In most cases, however, the reaction products are solid semi-conductors possessing a resistance which is higher to the extent of a number of magnitudes than the metal itself and which in many cases has an appreciably lesser absorption capacity, so that the coating can be made transparent to light. If the metal layer is allowed to react to the extent that it is completely changed into a semi-conductor, a coating will be obtained having very high resistance and which, due to the manner of its preparation, is completely homogeneous. The reaction may be influenced by suitably proportionlng the quantities of material used, or the gas pressure, temperature, and duration of the reaction. This method also has the advantage that the resistance may be brought to the desired value by operating on the tube while it is attached to the pump and prior to melting the same oil.
If a. nickel mirror surface is treated with oxygen, e. g. at 400 centigrade, a. nickel oxide, stable at ordinary temperature, is formed. Such a nickel coating. of several square centimeters of surface, having an initial resistance of a few ohms, may, by being converted into nickel oxide have, for example a resistance of 300,000 ohms. This resistance does not change even if the coating later comes in contact with air.
What is claimed is:
1. The method of producing high resistance Wall coatings within a vacuum tube which comprises evacuating the tube, introducing a metallic gaseous carbonyl, heating the wall of said tube to cause depositing of a metallic coating thereon from said metallic gaseous carbonyl, re-evacuating said tube, and oxidizing said metallic layer.
2. The method of producing a high resistance wall coating in a cathode ray tube which comprises cleaning the wall of said tube, evacuating said tube, introducing a metallic gaseous carbonyl, heating the wall of said tube to cause condensation thereon of metallic elements from said carbonyl, re-evacuating said tube, and introducing thereinto a quantity of oxygen suiiicient to convert said metallic layer to an oxide layer and finally re-evacuating said cathode ray tube.
3. The method of producing a high resistance wall coating in a cathode ray tube which comprises cleaning the interior of said tube, evacuating said tube, introducing a metallic gaseous carbonyl thereinto, heating said tube to cause metallic condensation therein, evacuating said tube, introducing a quantity of oxygen therein, andevacuating said tube after reaction of said oxygen with said metallic wall coating.
4. The method of producing a high resistance wall coating in a cathode ray tube which comprises cleaning and evacuating said tube, introducing a metallic gaseous carbonyl containing nickel therein, heating the wall of said tube to produce condensation thereon, re-evacuating said tube, introducing a quantity or oxygen therein to cause oxidation of said condensed metal layer, and finally evacuating said tube.
5. The method of producing high resistance wall coatings in a cathode ray tube which comprises cleaning and evacuating said tube, introducing gaseous nickel carbonyl therein, heating the wall of said tube to the condensation point of nickel from said carbonyl, re-evacuating the tube, oxidizing said condensed nickel, finally evacuating and sealing off said tube.
6. The method of producing high resistance wall coatings in a cathode ray tube which comprises cleaning and evacuating said tube, introducing therein a gaseous nickel carbonyl, heating the walls of said tube to a degree correspond-- ing tothe desired thickness of a nickel coating to be deposited thereon, evacuating said tube after condensation of nickel from said gaseous carbonyl, oxidizing said nickel layer, re-evacuating and sealing off said tube.
RICHARD BRAUER, MAGDALENE BRAUER, mia NAUMANN, Heirs of the Estate of Gerhard Brauer, De-' ceased.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2183302X | 1936-01-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2183302A true US2183302A (en) | 1939-12-12 |
Family
ID=7988974
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US119369A Expired - Lifetime US2183302A (en) | 1936-01-22 | 1937-01-06 | Method for producing coatings of high ohmic resistance in the interior of vacuum tubes |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US2183302A (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2508509A (en) * | 1945-01-13 | 1950-05-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Apparatus for coating hollow objects |
US2516058A (en) * | 1943-09-30 | 1950-07-18 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Apparatus for plating of metals |
US2602033A (en) * | 1950-01-18 | 1952-07-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Carbonyl process |
US2671739A (en) * | 1949-06-22 | 1954-03-09 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Plating with sulfides, selenides, and tellurides of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten |
US2730643A (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1956-01-10 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Electric discharge tube |
US2742691A (en) * | 1950-04-18 | 1956-04-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of making corrosion resistant clad steel |
US2785997A (en) * | 1954-03-18 | 1957-03-19 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Gas plating process |
US2847330A (en) * | 1954-07-28 | 1958-08-12 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method and apparatus for gas plating printing circuits |
DE1054594B (en) * | 1956-09-04 | 1959-04-09 | Gen Electric | Metal-ceramic tubes and method for applying a resistance layer to the inner surface of a ceramic ring for such a tube |
US2885310A (en) * | 1954-09-13 | 1959-05-05 | Ohmite Mfg Company | Method and apparatus for making film resistors |
US2913357A (en) * | 1956-09-20 | 1959-11-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Transistor and method of making a transistor |
US2956909A (en) * | 1956-06-11 | 1960-10-18 | Sprague Electric Co | Process for producing a conductive layer on heat sensitive dielectric material |
US3231778A (en) * | 1963-06-20 | 1966-01-25 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Signal barrier |
US3958071A (en) * | 1972-03-06 | 1976-05-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical resistor and method of producing same |
US4100020A (en) * | 1976-10-22 | 1978-07-11 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Internal fuel pin oxidizer |
US5098326A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-03-24 | General Electric Company | Method for applying a protective coating to a high-intensity metal halide discharge lamp |
-
1937
- 1937-01-06 US US119369A patent/US2183302A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2516058A (en) * | 1943-09-30 | 1950-07-18 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Apparatus for plating of metals |
US2508509A (en) * | 1945-01-13 | 1950-05-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Apparatus for coating hollow objects |
US2671739A (en) * | 1949-06-22 | 1954-03-09 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Plating with sulfides, selenides, and tellurides of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten |
US2602033A (en) * | 1950-01-18 | 1952-07-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Carbonyl process |
US2742691A (en) * | 1950-04-18 | 1956-04-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of making corrosion resistant clad steel |
US2730643A (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1956-01-10 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Electric discharge tube |
US2785997A (en) * | 1954-03-18 | 1957-03-19 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Gas plating process |
US2847330A (en) * | 1954-07-28 | 1958-08-12 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method and apparatus for gas plating printing circuits |
US2885310A (en) * | 1954-09-13 | 1959-05-05 | Ohmite Mfg Company | Method and apparatus for making film resistors |
US2956909A (en) * | 1956-06-11 | 1960-10-18 | Sprague Electric Co | Process for producing a conductive layer on heat sensitive dielectric material |
DE1054594B (en) * | 1956-09-04 | 1959-04-09 | Gen Electric | Metal-ceramic tubes and method for applying a resistance layer to the inner surface of a ceramic ring for such a tube |
US2913357A (en) * | 1956-09-20 | 1959-11-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Transistor and method of making a transistor |
US3231778A (en) * | 1963-06-20 | 1966-01-25 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Signal barrier |
US3958071A (en) * | 1972-03-06 | 1976-05-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical resistor and method of producing same |
US4100020A (en) * | 1976-10-22 | 1978-07-11 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Internal fuel pin oxidizer |
US5098326A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-03-24 | General Electric Company | Method for applying a protective coating to a high-intensity metal halide discharge lamp |
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