US2172383A - Fuel injection device - Google Patents

Description

sept. 12, 1939. H. v. HONN 2,172,383

FUEL INJECTION DEVICE Filed March 25, 1956 @/3' 33 V 25' l INVENTOR.

7L. aq A HAR/ AN VERNE HoN/v .az 30 BY O y u '2 M o '29 C ATTORNEY.

Patented Sept. 1.2, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

This invention relates to fuel injectors for inF ternal combustion engines, particularly of the Diesel type, and has for its objects the provision of improved means for efficiently preheating fuel 5 charges to. substantially the fuel ignitionVV temperature immediately prior to injection of the In the drawing, Fig. 1 represents a vertical (A sectional view of my device mounted in the head of a power cylinder, certain portions of the device being in elevation.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of my improved fuel' injector nozzle.

'Fig-3 is a planview of one form of a portion of my injector nozzle showing the/shape of the passageway formed therein. '1

In detail, I is the upper portion of a power cylinder, 2 is a piston therein and 3 is the cylinder head secured to the cylinder in the conventional manner, the cylinder and head being jacketed for water, as is usual.

Removably secured within an opening formed in head 3 is a vertically extending body 4 formed with a vertical passageway 5 therein. The body l is threadedly secured at 6 within the opening into the head below the threads at its lower end and projects above the head at its upper end. The passageway 5 communicates at its upper end with a-laterally directed opening 'l formed 3 5 in a horizontal tubular valve member 8, which member is tapered around its outer side at the end of the opening 'l to seat against a taper seat' formed in the body l adjacent the upper end of passageway 5.

The valve member 8 is slidably mounted within a tubular casing 9 and is urged to seat at its tapered end against the taper seat in the body by a relatively heavy, stiif coil spring I adapted to react between the end of the valve member 45 opposite the tapered end and a shoulder formed tween the bore of tubular valve member 8 and the portion of bore I of casing 9 in which the 55 spring Il is mounted. Theouter end of casing tion. Other objects and advantages will appear in` the cylinder head and extends downwardlyV I5 is provided with an inlet lIIS from which extends a pressure line I'l that leads to a conventional fuel pressure pump as used in Diesel type engines for pumping the fuel,'which pump has a conventional unloadingv valve. 5 No claims to specific structure are made as to the unloading valve assembly, the present showing being merely illustrative of the type in which fuel is intermittently passed toward the fuel injection upon predetermined pressure increases in 10 the fuel line and which valve is adapted to automatically relieve excess pressure in the line leading therefrom to the 4fuel injector.

The lower end of body l is finished with a at ground seat for sealing with the similarly inished l5 upper end of a tubular block I8 extending downwardly in axial alignment with the body. The upper surface of said block is formed with an annular channel I9 adapted to register with the lower open end of passageway 5.

The lower end of tubular block I8 is finished with a fiat ground seat for sealing against a similarly at upper surface of a horizontal disk 20, the upper side of which disk is formed with a volute or plane spiraliform channel 2| sub- 25 stantially U-shape in cross section (see Fig. 3). The outer end of said channel commences adjacent, but inwardly, of the outer edge of the disk 20Yarnd terminates at its inner end adjacentl the axis of the disk at one side thereof and its length is proportional to its width, consisting of one or several turns around the axis, much the same as the spiral ornaments which form lthe principal distinction of the Ionic capital.

I A vertical passageway 22 is formed in the wall 35 of block I8 and communicates at its opposite ends between the annular channel IS and the outer end of channel 2l in the disk. A

'I'he body I, block I8 and disk 20 are all firmly secured together with the ground surfaces of each of the parts in sealing engagement by a tubular sleeve 23 enclosing thel lateral sides ofy blockandA disk, and threadedly engaging the lower end of the body I at the upper end of the sleeve. "The lower end of sleeve 23 is slightly 45V.

turned axially inwardlyto engage in the rabbetted lowei` peripheral edge of disk 20, thus leaving substantially the entire lower surface of disk -20 exposed, particularly that area. of the disk below the channelv 2l. 50

The vertically extending bore 24 of the tubular block I8` is tapered inwardly adjacent its' lower end at 25 to provide a valve seat, and the restricted open end' ofthe tapered portion of the bore communicates vwith a central restricted dis- Spaced above the tapered end 29 the valve member is formed with a tapered shoulder 3| that is spaced from the seat when the end 29 engages the lower end of said seat, thus providing an annular space 32 between the upper portion of seat 25 and the shoulder 3l.

' An annular axially inwardly opening U-shaped channel 33 is formed in the wall of bore 24 adjacent'the juncture of seat 25 therewith, and one or more vertical ducts 34, preferably three substantially equally spaced ducts, communicate at opposite ends respectively with the channel 2| and the channel 33, the ends opening into the channel 33, at the inner end of said channel in close proximity to the orifice 26, as at the points marked X in Figure 3. A

'I'he valve member 28 is held seated against the seat 25 by a relatively stiff coil spring 38 ina housing 31 at the upper end of the body 4, which spring is calibrated to open under a predetermined fluid pressure reacting against the shoulder 3l of the valve member 28, a rod 38 connecting between said valve member 'and spring, and a relief line 39 connects with the body I4 in which spring 36 is positioned to permit the release of any fluid passing the valve member 38 to the upper'end of the body.

In actual installation, with the body 4 secured in position,l the disk 28 is at theunder side of the cylinder head, which head is preferably recessed at 48 in order to space the disk away from the water cooled walls of thehead, or the disk may 75 from the water cooled walls of the cylinder head,

Y into channel 2 I project into the cylinder and the head of the piston may be recessed to avoid interference.A

therewith,

While the disk 28 is shown as an element removable from the body I, it may, of course, be integrally connected thereto by welding or the cylindrical plug and disk may be of the same material and in a single piece.

In operation, the metering pressure pump, not A -tently and momentarily lift with each pressure impulse on the fuel and the fuel charge in channel 2|"nearest the orifice will be ejected through said ducts 34 and orifice 25 directly into the cylinder. Thereafter the valve 28 will immediately close and valve member 8 will close, trapping the fuel in lthe passageways 5, 22 and channel 2| under an elevated pressure, slightly less than the maximum pressure for lifting valve 28, since the pressure at the intake rapidly falls between impulses due to unloading valve in pump.

'Ihe disk 23 is preferably of material having great tensile strength and high conductivity, such as the alloys used in the manufacture of are welding electrodes, and since the disk is air insulated the fuel within the channel 2| will be preheated to substantially ignition temperature of the fuel and even higher than the ignition temperature of the ,fuel when under atmospheric pressure, since the disk 20 is directly exposed to the heat developed by compression and combustion of fuel charges within the cylinder. However, it is obvious that the fuel, between injection into the cylinder, being under relatively high pressure, is maintained therein below the boiling point of the fuel but upon the valve 28 releasing a highly preheated charge or charges of fuel from the channel or reservoir 2| into the cylinder, the fuel will immediately and progressively burn as it is discharged into the cylinder instead of a sudden ignition of the full charge, which latter condition is highly objectionable and has heretofore rendered the Diesel type engine unsuitable for many purposes. f

The term substantially multi-annular" in the claims refers to a spiral shape ora plurality of connected concentric rings 'suchpais shown in Figure 3. s v

The foregoing designations are not intended to limit me to the precise structure shown, but are intended to cover all forms of structure that may come within the scope of the invention.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a sleeve member, a disk seated in the substantially open end of said sleeve, an axial orifice through said disk, a volute channel in the inner surface of said disk, a block member in said sleeve member bearing against said disk,-v

said block member having a vertical bore adjacent its circumferential edge in registry with the outer end of said channel in said disk to define an inlet passage thereto and an axial bore in alignment with the orifice in said disk, the lower end of said last-named bore in said block member Abeing tapered to provide a valve seat, a valve in said axial bore in said block member, an annular inwardly opening U-shaped channel formed in said block member at the juncture of the axial bore therein and the tapered valve seat, and a plurality of passageways in said block member establish,- ing communication between said annular channel and the inner end of the channel in said disk.

2. In a fuel injection nozzle of the class described, a sleeve member, a disk retained inone end o f said sleeve member, an axial orifice through said disk, a volute channel in the inner face of said disk, a block member in said sleeve member above and bearing against said disk to close the channel therein and thereby deilne a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passage in said block in communication with the outer end of said duct a volute channel in the inner face of said disk,

a valve therein, and a plurality of passageways in said block establishing communication between the inner end of the duct in said disk and the orifice therein through the valve bore in said block upon operation of the valve.

4. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a sleeve member, a disk retained in one end of said sleeve member, an axial orice through said disk, a volute channel in the inner face of said disk, a tubular block member in said sleeve member above and bearing against said disk to close the channel therein and thereby define a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in said block in communication with the outer endof said duct in said disk,means for valving successive fuel charges therethrough, an 'axial valve -bore in said block in alignment with said orifice in said disk, a plurality of passageways in said block establishing communication between thev inner end of the duct and the orifice in saidl disk, and valve means in said valve bore in said block member to pass successive fuel charges received from said duct through tht orice in said disk.

5. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk having an axial orifice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, a block member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover said channel and thereby dene a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in said block in communication with the outer end of said duct in said disk, means for valving successive charges of fuel therethrough, an axial valve bore in said block in alignment with the orifice in said disk, passageways in said block establishing communication between the inner end of th duct d the orifice in the disk through said valve bore, and valve means in said valve bore in said block member to pass successive fuel charges through the orifice in said disk.

A6. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk having an axial orice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, a block member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover -said channel and thereby dene a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in said block in communication with the outer end of said duct in said disk, means for valving successive charges of fuel therethrough, an axial valve bore in said block in alignment with the orice in said disk, passageways in said block establishw ing communication between the inner end of the duct and the' orice in the disk through said valve bore, valve means in said valve bore in said block member to pass successive fuel charges through the orifice in said disk, and means for retaining the block and disk member in juxtaposition.

7. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk having an axial orifice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, a block member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover said channel and thereby define a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in said block in communication with the outer end of the duct in the disk, an axial valve bore in said block in alignment with the orifice in said disk, and passageways in said block establishing communication between the inner end of the ductv and the orifice in the disk through said valve bore.

8. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk having an axial orifice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, a block member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover said channel and thereby dene a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in said block in communication with the outer end of the duct in the disk, an axial valve bore in said block in alignment with the orii'lce in said disk, passageways in said block establishing communication between the inner end of the duct and the vorifice in the disk through said valve bore, and retainer means to keep said block and said disk in juxtaposition.

9. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk having an axial orice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, a block member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover said channel and thereby define a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in said block in communication with the outer end of the duct in the disk, an axial valve bore in said block in alignment with the orifice in said disk, passageways in said block establishing communication between the inner end of the duct and the orice in the disk through said valve bore, retainer means to keep said block and said disk in juxtaposition, valve means in the valve bore in said block, and means for operating said valve means. V

HABLAN VERNE BONN. w

Images