US2161255A - Method of and machine for forming glassware - Google Patents

Description

G. HOWARD METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR FORMING GLASSWARE June 6, 1 939.

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Patented June 5, 1939 PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR FORMING GLASSWARE George E. Howard, Butler, Pas assignor to Hartford-Empire Company, Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Application October 9, 1936, Serial No. 104,820

This invention relates to methods of and machines for forming glassware according to the well known narrow neck method and the invention has particular relation to the method of and means for forming the blanks or parisons in the manufacture of bottles and other containers. The -blanks referred to usually are formed by delivering a charge of glass from a feeder to a blank mold unit, compacting or settling the v 0 charge and then counterblowing the compacted charge to produce a hollow blank. In the patent to George E. Rowe, No. 2,043,065, granted June 2, 1936, a method of forming blanks is described and claimed which involves reheating the blank between the settle blowing and counterblowing operations by cracking the blank. mold in the interval between those operations to permit the heat in the glass to equalize. The purpose of this is to make more homogeneous the skin previously formed on the settled blank by the chilling effect of the mold, with the result that the expension in counterblowing is substantially uniform and the settle wave produced in prior methods is reduced or eliminated.

The general object of the present invention is to provide an improvement upon the method of the Rowe patent and also to provide mechanism of novel character for perforining the improved method."

A more specific object of the invention is to provide a novel method and novel means by the employment of which the settled blank is reheated by cracking the blank mold while pinching of the blank is prevented. When the settled blank reheats, it may happen that the glass settles or slumps beyond the confines of the blank mold to such an extent that it may be pinched in the joints of the blank mold as it is closed in preparation for counterblowing. This pinching of the glass causes fins or seams to be formed on the blank which remain as defects in the finished article. The purpose of my invention is to pre vent orguard against such defects. I

Accordingly it is an object of this invention to provide a novel method and novel meanswherein the settled blank is caused to occupy a larger space in the mold after it is reheated than it does when it has just been compacted. This insures clearance of the reheated settled blank by the blank mold as it is closed and thus avoids pinching of the glass in the mold joints.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out hereinafter or will become apparent from the following description or from'the drawings wherein;

. application of air through blowhead 23.

Figures 1' to 4 inclusive depict successive stages in one mode of practicing the novel method;

Figs. 5 to 8 depict another mode of carrying out the novel method;

Fig. 9 is a view in longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of a narrow neck machine embodying the invention;

' Fig. 10 is a view in top plan of a portion of the machine shown in Fig. 9, parts being broken awayfor clarity in illustration;

' Fig. 11 is an enlarged view in top plan showing in detail a portion of the transfer mechanism;

Fig. 12 is a view in longitudinal vertical section on line l2--|2 of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a view in vertical transverse section of the neck pin and neck mold elevating mechanism;

Fig. 14 is a horizontal sectional plan'view on the line l4-H of Fig. 13; and

Fig. 15 is a view in vertical section on the line l5l5 of Fig. 10.

In Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive, the use of my inven-- tion in the narrow neck process is illustrated in two ways, Figs. 1 to 4- inclusive showing the employment of the novel method in the production of typical narrow neck glassware and Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive the application of the novel method to the manufacture of semi-wide mouth or wide mouth glassware by the narrow neck method.

Considering the first mode,-the inverted blank,

mold I 6 of the sectional type is shown closed in cooperativerelation with the usual sectional neck F mold I1 and having neck pin mechanism I8 associated therewith. This mechanism I8 in- 'cludes neck pin l9 and other parts which need the intermediate mold 2| serves to form the neck of the blank immediately adjoining the neck finish. This also is shown in Fig. 2 which depicts the blank after it has been compacted by the The mold 2| preferably is rounded as indicated at 24 to constrict the blank for a purpose which is described below;

It will be observed that the'blank mold cavity is tapered downwardly toward the neck finish and thus forms a blank, the body of which has an inverted frusto-conical shape. This is in accordance with the usual practice in the art in the manufacture of typical narrow neck ware. Consequently, relative movement can be efiected between the settled lank and the blank mold and my invention utilizes this shape of the blank, as will now be explained, to avoid pinching the 1 blank between the joints of the blank mold.

After the blank is compacted as shown in Fig.

2, the blank mold may be cracked and the mold 2| opened wide to reheat the glass for the purposes and with the advantages described above.

Under certain conditions the blank may settle or slump to such an extent that it will be pinched by the blank mold when the mold is reclosed. This shaping is likely to produce a bulge immediately adjacent the neck mold because the full tion near the neck mold when the glass is settled weight of the blank is above this point. or because it is the lowest point down to which the reheated glass may fiowby gravity. The formation of such a bu ge and other deformation of the settled blankis very likely to result in pinching the blank.

To prevent pinching under such conditions, the intermediate mold 2| serves to form a constricor compacted by air pressure delivered through blowhead 22. The constriction fills out more or less during reheating and under prrper conditions and control, and with the proper design of the mold 2| the filling out of the constriction will leave anuninterrupted surface, that is, there will be neither a constriction nor a bulge of sumcient size to cause pinching. M

However, other bulging or distortion of the reheated glass may occur and to insure that there will be no pinching of this glass my' invention includes the step of efi'ecting a change in the position of the blank within the blank mold before the blank mold is closed? In the formillustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, this change in position is inwardly or upwardly of the blank mold cavity and may be accomplished either by lowering the. blank mold or ra sing the neck mold and the blank supported thereby or by a combination of such movements. It is preferred, however, simply to elevate the entire neck forming mechanism and neck mold for this purpose. This change i i position of the blank moves the blank farther into the blank mold, and leaves a clearance as indica ed at 25, Fig. 3,'due to the downward taper of the blank mold cavity. The

amount 01' clearance will depend upon the thickness of mold 2| because the neck mold and blank mold must be engaged for the counterblowing tion formed by mold 2| will be eliminated as shown in Fig.- 4.

Considering the tom of, the method shown in Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive, these figures illustrate blank forming devices'ior shaping ablank for a screw threaded semi-wide mouth container.

This requires a relatively short blank mold I 6a and the cavity in this mold may be tapered upwardly to form an upwardly tapered blank. The neck mold is shown at I'Ia, the neck pin mechanism at I 8a, the neck pin at Ilia. An intermediate mold 2| a, funnel 22a and combined settle 5 blowhead and bottom closure 23a,a1so are provided.

As distinguished from the procedure in Figs. 1 to 4, the blank mold IGa and neck mold "(1 are engaged and the intermediate mold 2Ia held 10 open for the delivery of a charge of glass as illustrated in Fig. 5, and the settling of the'charge as shown in Fig. 6. When the settle blowing or compacting operation is completed and while the blank mold is cracked for reheating the 15 blank, the blank mold and neck mold are separated to move the blank out of the blank mold sufliciently to permit the intermediate mold 2Ia to be closed in assembled relation with said blank and neck molds, as shown in Fig. '7. As a result, 20 a clearance space is provided as indicated at 25c. The blank mold may be raised or the neck mold and associated parts lowered, or these operations combined to efiect' the above mentioned separation'of neck mold and blank mold.

With the use of an intermediate mold of the proper thickness in relation to the design of the blank mold, the clearance provided will'be sumcient to avoid pinching a relatively short and upwardly tapered blank.

With the parts in assembledrelation as shown in Fig. 8, the blank is counterblown, the intermediate mold 2| serving in this instance to form a portion of the finished blank. A

My novel method may be carried out by any 3 well-known type of narrow neck machine suitably modified to perform automatically the steps of the method. By way of illustration, and not in limitation of the invention, there has been shown in Figs. 9 to 15 inclusive the Hartford individual section machine and attachments and modifications therein to adapt such machine to the automatic performance of the form of the method illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive.

This machine is widely used in the art and is disclosed in United States Patent No. 1,911,119, granted May 23, 1933 to Henry W. Ingle, and hence only so much of said machine is illustrated in the drawings as is necessary to enable one skilled in the art readily to understand the ,em- 5 bodiment of the present invention therein.

Referring to Fig. 9, the blank mold is shown at I6c, the neck mold at lie, the neck pin mechanism at I and the neck pin at I90. At 2Ic is found the-intermediate mold which is con-' 5 v stricted as indicated at 240. The funnel and settle blowhead are omitted, being fully shown in the patent to Ingle.

The sections of the blank mold are carried by vertical post 26 about which they, swing in 60 opening and closing. An air cylinder 21 .con-

guide rod 33-50 that by turning a nut 34 on a 7.

screw 35 which supports the slide, the position of the mold holders 29--29 may be adjusted to accommodate molds of different heights.-

Slide 32 also carries air cylinder 36 which, through yoke 31 and links 38 (Figs. 9, 10 and 7;

' aromas into alignment with a blow mold shown at 16.

15), opens and closes the intermediate mold 2Ic. To provide for changing the position of the blank in the blank mold after reheating to avoid pinching, the blank mold being cracked and the intermediate mold opened wide, means are provided whereby the neck mold" and the settled blank and the neck pin mechanism are elevated until the neck mold touches the bottom of the blank mold.

Referring first to Fig. 13, it will be observed that the neck-pin mechanism comprises a cylinder 88 which contains piston 4| for raising the thimble 42 and which is forced downwardly by a spring 43. Within piston 4| is another piston. ll urged downwardly by spring 45 and adapted to operate neck pin I80. The cylinder 88 contains air passages for the admission and exhaust of air pressure to operate pistons 4| and 44 and for the admission of air in counterblow- 2o ing the blanks, all as clearly shown in Fig. 13.

To adapt the neck pin mechanism to molds of difierent heights and to support the neck mold at the desired level, the neck pin mechanism I8c is made bodilyadjustable up or down by the threaded stud 46 on the. bottom of cylinder 38. Stud 46 is carried in nut 41 having gear 68 formed thereon with whichpinion 46 is slidably in mesh. Pinion 48 is formed on shaftll which is adapted to be rotated by the bevel gears 52, 5 3, which in turn are operated by means nut 41. The neck pin mechanism is held against rotation by a feather 56 which engages a slot in pad 55. Consequently, the entire mechanism I8c is adjusted up or down, as desired, by the rotation of shaft 5|.

The neck. pin mechanism I8c is periodically raised and lowered to engage the neck mold with the blank mold and to thereafter lower the neck mold for the transfer of a completed blank and subsequent closing of intermediate mold 2Ic, by piston 56 in which nut 41 is rotatably fitted, as shown, and which is contained in piston 51. Piston 56 is held against rotation by pin 68 received therein.

In-addition to the adjustment of the lower position of the neck pin mechanism, means are provided for adjustably predetermining the stroke of piston 56 and hence the uppermost position of the mechanism, neck mold and blank in accordance with the height of the intermediate mold 2|c. Such means include a stop collar 68 on rod 6| pinned in the tubular extension 62 of piston 56 and a stop '68 slidably keyed to rod 6| bykey 64. Stop 63 'is adjusted up or down by a collar 65 in which it is threaded. This collar is rotated by bevel gear 66 thereon in mesh.

with bevel gear 61 on shaft 68. Shaft 68 has a squared end 68 for engagement by a key or wrench to effect the desired adjustment of the stroke of piston 56.

Looking at Figs. 9 and 10, it will be apparent that the neck mold could not be raised and lowered in a straight line path without-tilting,

7 the blank from the position shown in 9 for the purpose of raising the blank in the neck This transfer mechanism and its operation are more fully described in the patent to Ingle referred to above.

Accordingly, my invention makes provision for vertical movement of the transfer arms ||-|I independently of the cylinders II-I2 to which they are connected. 'As shown in Figs. 10, 11' and 12, each arm 'II is slidably mounted on a guide 11 which, in turn, is adjustably secured to a cylinder 12 by means of clamp I8 and bolt 18. Loosening of bolt 18 permits the guide and transfer' arm to be adjusted for molds of different heights. Each transfer arm is yieldingly held-in assembled relation with its guide 11 by means of a compressioncspring 8|, which by bearing at its lower end on a lug 82 of arm 'II and at its upper end against lug 83 on guide 11, yieldingly holds a stop 84 against the top of lug 83.

Consequently, each arm can be raised and lowered relative to its cylinder 12, but is so connected thereto that the arms serve their normal function as a mold carrier and oscillating transfer device.

The transfer arms 'II II are raised and lowered by the raising and lowering of the neck pin mechanism, not only by the engagement of said mechanism with the neck mold, but by bifurcated lifter 85 which is carried by rod 66 in lugs 81-81 on the neck pin mechanism I80, and engaging each of the arms |I'|I adjacent and almost beneath each spring 8| to insure that these springs will be compressed and the holders moved vertically and rectilinearly instead of being oscillated or tilted.

It has not been deemed necessary to describe the distribution of air pressure to the various cylinders because it will be understood that this is controlled by a timer 88 and valve mechanism 88 in a manner, which will become apparent from the above mentioned Ingle patent taken in conjunction with the above description.

This invention is not to be considered as limited to the specific embodiments described herein except in so far as may be required by the express terms of the appended claims. Various changes in the method and apparatus may be made without departing from the scope of the claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to'secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The method of forming blanks .by the narrow neck method which comprises forming a tapered blank in a tapered ,blank mold, cracking the blank mold between compacting and counterblowing operations to reheat the settled blank, and eflecting relative axial movement between the blank and the blank mold to produce in eifect movement of the blank toward the large end 01' the blank mold to separate and leave a clearance between the blank and the blank mold whereby the pinching of the blank by the closing of the blank mold is prevented.

2. The method of forming blanks by the narrow neck method which comprises forming a tapered blank in a blank mold tapered toward the neck of the blank, cracking the blank mold between compacting and counterblowin'g operations to reheat the blank, and moving the blank axially in the blank mold toward the large end of the latter to provide a clearance whereby pinching of the blank by the closing of the blank tween compacting and counterblowing operations to reheat the blank, axially separating the blank mold and neck mold to move the blank toward the large end of the tapered blank mold to provide a clearance between the blank and blank mold and thus prevent pinching of the blank when the blank mold is closed, and closing an intermediate mold about the settled blank prior to the counterblowing operation.

4. The method of forming glassware by the narrow neck method which comprises forming a 5. The method of forming glassware by the narrow neck method which comprises delivering a charge of glass to and compacting it in a tapered blank mold, a neck mold and an intermediate mold which is shaped to form a temporary constriction in the blank, cracking the blank mold and removing the intermediate mold to reheat the blank, then, while the blank is held by the neck mold, engaging the neck mold and blank mold to move the blank axially toward the large end of the tapered mold to provide a clearance between the blank and the blank mold when the latter is closed, whereby pinching of the blank by closing the blank mold is prevented, and thereafter counterblowing the blank in the blank mold.

6. In a narrow neck machine comprising a blank mold and a neck mold, means to open and close the blank and neck molds, an intermediate mold adapted to be closed in assembled relation with the blank mold and neck mold, means for opening and closing the intermediate mold, and means for effecting relative axial movement between the blank mold and neck mold when the intermediate mold and blank mold are open to change the position of a blank within the blank mold.

7. In a narrow neck machine comprising a tapered blank mold and a neck mold, an intermediate mold, means for opening the intermediate mold and for closing it in assembled relation with the blank mold and neck mold, said intermediate mold being. shaped to provide a constriction in a blank adjacent the neck finish thereof, means for cracking the blank mold to reheat the blank, and means for efiecting relative axial movement between the blank and blank mold to move the blank toward the large end of the blank mold to provide a clearance therebetween and thus prevent pinching of the blank when the blank mold is closed.

8. In a narrow neck machine comprising a tapered blank mold a blow mold and a neck mold, means including an arm for oscillating and inverting the neck mold to transfer a blank, means for cracking the blank mold to reheat the blank prior to transfer thereof, and means providing for vertical movement of said neck mold independently of its oscillatory movement and axially of the blank mold so as to move the blank toward the large end of the blank mold whereby pinching of the blank by the closing of the blank mold is prevented.

GEORGE E. HOWARD.

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