US215756A - Improvement in processes and apparatus for distilling petroleum - Google Patents
Improvement in processes and apparatus for distilling petroleum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US215756A US215756A US215756DA US215756A US 215756 A US215756 A US 215756A US 215756D A US215756D A US 215756DA US 215756 A US215756 A US 215756A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pipes
- vapors
- petroleum
- cylinders
- evaporating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 fibrous asbestus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G17/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
- C10G17/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
- C10G17/04—Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases
- C10G17/06—Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases using acids derived from sulfur or acid sludge thereof
Definitions
- My invention relates to the distillation of petroleum or crude hydrocarbon oil; and it consists in a series of retorts actingindependently of but in connection with each other. They are formed of a combination of cylinders or pipes, into which the crude oil continually fiows, where it is evaporated and the different grades of oil separated, filtered, and bleached while in a vapor state, and from the retorts the residuum is continuously fiowin g while the apparatus is in operation. These retorts are constructed either of wrought or cast iron or copper, properly connected, and all but the bleaching-pipes inclosed in a suitable furnace.
- A, B, and C are a series of evaporatingcylinders, which receive and contain the oil undergoing distillation, supplied continually through the pipe D, which is the induction or feed pipe, that admits the crude oil into the evaporating-cylinders A, B, and C.
- These evaporating-cylinders are placed on an inclination., B being lower than A, and C lower than B, and they are connected by the pipes A and B in such a manner that the oil, or what may be left of it after the different stages of evaporation, will flow of its own gravity through from the induction-pipe D to the eduction-pipe E, and will have passed through the entire length of all the evaporating-cylinders.
- the pipes F which are vertically located inside of the furnace.
- the upper ends of these pipes by proper connection open into horizontal pipes G, from which rises a filter, H.
- the evaporating-cylinders extend beyond the furnace, and are also provided with suitable means of cleanin g.
- Capping the filter and located upon the outside of the furnace is a cross or four-way connection, H', in the upper end of which is inserted a plug, which can be removed for the purpose of filling the filter.
- the inductionpipe l' for conveying the bleaching-gases to the vaporized oil, which, with the bleaching-gas, passes through the cylinder K.
- Each of the,evaporating-cylinders in the series is provided with the same pipes, supply-pipes for bleaching, and discharge cylinders, as hereinabove described, and connected with the evaporating-cylinder.
- Such pipes or cylinders may be protected from the corrosive action of the bleaching gas or gases by enamcling them or theymay be made of or lined with lead or other suitable material.
- the operation of my invention is as follows: After the retorts above described have been charged, the furnace properly heated, and the im perfectly-distilled oil drawn off, the proper distillation begins by opening the stopcoclr of the induction-pipe l), which is properly connected with a reservoir or pipe-line of crude oil. As this crude oil flows through the evaporating-cylinders the lighter oil is vaporized by the heat. The vapors arise through the pipes or chambers F, and pass through the filters H, which are filled with non-combustible material, such as fibrous asbestus, pumice, or other finely-divided or porous material, such as may serve as proper filters.
- non-combustible material such as fibrous asbestus, pumice, or other finely-divided or porous material, such as may serve as proper filters.
- the vapors having passed through the liltering material come in contact with the current of bleachinggas, which may consist of sulphurons-acid gas, ($02,) or the vapors of sulphuric acid, ($03,) diluted with steam, which is conducted thereto by the pipes I.
- bleachinggas which may consist of sulphurons-acid gas, ($02,) or the vapors of sulphuric acid, ($03,) diluted with steam, which is conducted thereto by the pipes I.
- bleachingpipes K conduct the vapors to a proper receptacle to complete the bleaching. They are then condensed and washed.
- the supply to the retort is continuous, and the residuum is constantly flowing out.
- the lighter gases and benzine may be used as fuel as they are discharged.
- the oil as it comes from the washing-tank is free from the lighter hydrogen compounds, that are generated by exposure to a humid or warm atmosphere into obnoxious and explosive gases, as in the common method of manufacture.
- the filters are placed within the furnace in order that they may be kept at the same temperature as the vapors, thus preventing condensation at this stage of the distillation.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
J. L. KIRK. Process andv Apparatus for Dstillng Petroleum.
vNo. 215,756.v Patented Nl'ay 27,1879.
nfnmw.
JOSEPH L. KlBK, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING PETROLEUM.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 215,756, dated May-27, 1879; application filed December 2S, 1878.
To all whom it lmay concern:
Be itY known that I, JOSEPH L. KIRK, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Distillation of Petroleum 5 and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.
My invention relates to the distillation of petroleum or crude hydrocarbon oil; and it consists in a series of retorts actingindependently of but in connection with each other. They are formed of a combination of cylinders or pipes, into which the crude oil continually fiows, where it is evaporated and the different grades of oil separated, filtered, and bleached while in a vapor state, and from the retorts the residuum is continuously fiowin g while the apparatus is in operation. These retorts are constructed either of wrought or cast iron or copper, properly connected, and all but the bleaching-pipes inclosed in a suitable furnace.
A, B, and C are a series of evaporatingcylinders, which receive and contain the oil undergoing distillation, supplied continually through the pipe D, which is the induction or feed pipe, that admits the crude oil into the evaporating-cylinders A, B, and C. These evaporating-cylinders are placed on an inclination., B being lower than A, and C lower than B, and they are connected by the pipes A and B in such a manner that the oil, or what may be left of it after the different stages of evaporation, will flow of its own gravity through from the induction-pipe D to the eduction-pipe E, and will have passed through the entire length of all the evaporating-cylinders.
I do not wish to confine myself to the use of three evaporating-cylinders, as it may be convenient or necessary for perfect evaporation or distillation to employ more or less than that number.
There are also connected with the evaporating-cylinders A the pipes F, which are vertically located inside of the furnace. The upper ends of these pipes by proper connection open into horizontal pipes G, from which rises a filter, H. There are flanged openings G located in these pipes G, underneath and opposite the connections of the filter, for the purpose of allowing the same to be cleaned. The evaporating-cylinders extend beyond the furnace, and are also provided with suitable means of cleanin g.
Capping the filter and located upon the outside of the furnace is a cross or four-way connection, H', in the upper end of which is inserted a plug, which can be removed for the purpose of filling the filter.
Into one of the horizontal arms is inserted the inductionpipe l', for conveying the bleaching-gases to the vaporized oil, which, with the bleaching-gas, passes through the cylinder K.
Each of the,evaporating-cylinders in the series is provided with the same pipes, supply-pipes for bleaching, and discharge cylinders, as hereinabove described, and connected with the evaporating-cylinder.
There may be two or more filters, H, or three or more pipes, F, constructed and connected as described. for each evaporatin g cylinder or retort; or instead of the pipes F and Gr, suitable chambers may be substituted. Outlets and plugs may be placed at the intersection and ends of all pipes, chambers, or cylinders, to facilitate the cleaning of the same.
Such pipes or cylinders may be protected from the corrosive action of the bleaching gas or gases by enamcling them or theymay be made of or lined with lead or other suitable material.
The operation of my invention is as follows: After the retorts above described have been charged, the furnace properly heated, and the im perfectly-distilled oil drawn off, the proper distillation begins by opening the stopcoclr of the induction-pipe l), which is properly connected with a reservoir or pipe-line of crude oil. As this crude oil flows through the evaporating-cylinders the lighter oil is vaporized by the heat. The vapors arise through the pipes or chambers F, and pass through the filters H, which are filled with non-combustible material, such as fibrous asbestus, pumice, or other finely-divided or porous material, such as may serve as proper filters. The heat ex pels these vapors, and the filter retains any foreign substances which may arise with the vapors, and the heavy oils flow downward into the following series of evaporating-cylinders. These filters, being located in the furnace, and subjected to its regulated heat, contributes to' the puriiication of the vapors passing through them. l
The vapors having passed through the liltering material come in contact with the current of bleachinggas, which may consist of sulphurons-acid gas, ($02,) or the vapors of sulphuric acid, ($03,) diluted with steam, which is conducted thereto by the pipes I. These bleachingpipes K conduct the vapors to a proper receptacle to complete the bleaching. They are then condensed and washed.
I do not wish to limit myself to the use of the gas or vapors herein specified for bleaching or clarifying` purposes, as other known gas or vapors may be applied advantageously.
The introduction of oil into the evaporatin gcylinder A will cause the temperature in this cylinder to be lower than in the remaining cylinders. The lighter gases, such as benzine, &c., will be evolved in the cylinder A, which can pass to the coiidensing-receptacle without filtration or bleaching, if desirable, and may be returned, if desired, to the furnace for fuel.l If the operation has been properly conducted, the benzine and lighter gases will have been eliminated from the crude oil iii the evaporating-cylinder A.
In this case the vapors arising in the evaporating-cylinder B will be convertible, as hereinbefore described, into illinninating-oils, and the vapors of the evaporating-cylinder() would in like manner produce the heavier oils. The residuum or tar, which the retort refuses to distill, would pass' out of the lower dischargepipe, E.
By means of the evapmating-cylinders and tlieretorts an d parts, as liereinbefore described, lI am enabled more accurately and economically to separate the noxious gases from the illuminating-oils.
I am aware that heretofore in the distillation of crude oils or petroleum it has been vaporized in a retort charged with large or certain quantities of oil, and the vapor condensed, and the fluid subsequently treated with acids and alkalies and washed, and this process repeated. By this means large amounts of refined oils are exposed to the atmosphere for completing the refining. The gases arising are in danger of fire by lightning or other causes, involving destruction of life and property.
By means of my invention the supply to the retort is continuous, and the residuum is constantly flowing out.
The lighter gases and benzine may be used as fuel as they are discharged.
The oil as it comes from the washing-tank is free from the lighter hydrogen compounds, that are generated by exposure to a humid or warm atmosphere into obnoxious and explosive gases, as in the common method of manufacture.
The filters are placed within the furnace in order that they may be kept at the same temperature as the vapors, thus preventing condensation at this stage of the distillation. In
this position they act as an absorbent, and
speedily remove the vapors as they are generated.
The advantages of filtering the vapors of petroleum before condensing are, that the molecules composing them are more iinely subdivided than when condensed, and deleterious substances can be separated from the vapors that could not be removed from the liquid. When in a state of vapor the atoms do not have so great an affinity as when liqueed, and consequently permit the bleaching agent to disseminate freely, and are more susceptible to their action.
I claim- 1. In an apparatus for distilling crude petroleum, the combination, within the furnace,
- of a series of pipes, A B C, placed on an ineline and joined at alternate ends, forming a continuous pipe, through which the petroleum flows and in which it is evaporated, a series of pipes, G G G, opening successively out of the evaporating-pipes A B C, for taking upthe gases evolved, and a series of filters, H H H, connected successively with the vaporpipes G G G, for clarifying the gases of different densities as they pass from A, B, and C through the pipes G G G, and then through the filters, substantially as set forth.
2. In an apparatus for distilling crude petroleum, the combination of a continuous pipe through which the petroleum flows and in which it is evaporated, a series of pipes successively arranged for taking up the gases as evolved, a series of filters for purifyiiig the gases of different density, and a series of branch pipes for mingling bleaching-gases with those evolved and purified gases of petroleum, substantially as set forth.
' 3f In the distillation of petroleum, the process of clarifying and bleaching the same, which consists in vaporizing the petroleum by heat, and then passing the vapors through a filter, and subsequently mingling the vapors with the vapors of sulphuric acid or other bleaching vapors, and then condensing the petroleum vapors, substantially as set forth.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
JOSEPH L. KIRK.
Witnesses A. RUPPERT, W. N. Snvnnancn.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US215756A true US215756A (en) | 1879-05-27 |
Family
ID=2285159
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US215756D Expired - Lifetime US215756A (en) | Improvement in processes and apparatus for distilling petroleum |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US215756A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2418374A (en) * | 1943-11-20 | 1947-04-01 | Texas Co | Process for the production of alkadienes |
US2754248A (en) * | 1950-10-04 | 1956-07-10 | Houdry Process Corp | Refining hydrocarbon oils with sulfur dioxide |
-
0
- US US215756D patent/US215756A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2418374A (en) * | 1943-11-20 | 1947-04-01 | Texas Co | Process for the production of alkadienes |
US2754248A (en) * | 1950-10-04 | 1956-07-10 | Houdry Process Corp | Refining hydrocarbon oils with sulfur dioxide |
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