US2152193A - Stone cutting machine - Google Patents

Description

March 28, 1939. P. M. JOHANNING STONE cuw'rwe momma Filed June 17, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 FE. i.

March 28; 1939. v R M, JOHANMN 2,152,193

STONE CUTTING MACHINE Filed June 17, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 15.21. ljOR:

March 28, 1939. P. JOHANNING 2,152,193

STONE CUTTING MACHINE Filed June 17, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Q. "mum -1 -.m| 1|" 2 Patented Mar. 28, 1939 UNITED STATES stonecome mourns Pia-Ma Milwaukee, Wis. a pucaun'rime 17, 1938, Serial No. 214,230

My invention relates to improvements in machinesof the general class known as stone breaking machines. I 1 a The primary object of my invention-is to pro- 6 vide a machine for breaking stratiiled stone slabs into smaller stones of substantially uniformsiz'e, or any size desired, for purposes of building construction and any other purposes, and to pro-' vide a machine which will perform the work faster, better and cheaper than heretofore. It consists of a machine for dividing or breaking a slab of stone into smaller blocks or building stones of desired shape by simultaneous application of pressure and percussion exerted along predetermined breaking lines, of a plurality of chisel-like implements, arranged in a row upon opposite faces of the stone slab, each and all of the chisels being'instantly, automaticallyand independently adjusted and held positively, under pressure to the irregular contour or surface of the slab, on both opposing sides thereof prior to and during the breaking operations. In the cutting or breaking operation, as soon as the two opposing rows or sets of chisels are automatically adjusted in cutting position against the opposing surfaces of a stone slab, a considerable pressure, such. as may be exerted by hydraulic jacks, is equally exerted on each chisel in each row, prior to the percussion blow which breaks the stone.

Further objectsof the inventionare:

To provide opposing spring-urged groups, or a single group, of cutting chisels asociated with a hammer bed, whereby individual chisels will compensate and contact with the irregular face of the product to be cut, and the chisels will be positively blocked in engagement with the hammer bed to directly receive a common blow; and

To provide the spring-controlled chisel ends under working conditions to assume different distances from a hammer bed, which distances or spaces will be blocked by spring-controlled wedges between the bed and ends of said chisels, whereby a direct hammer blow imparted to the bed will beequally distributed to the chisel points for cutting. 1

Other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the machine whichis illustrated in the accompanying drawings in its preferred form of embodiment.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a front, elevational view of the preferred form of my improved stone breaking machine, embodying my invention, shown partly in 1 5-! thereof, and

PATENT central vertical section parts removed for clearness.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of thecompletely assembled machine shown inFigure 1, shown largely in central vertical section, being 5 drawn on the line2-2 of Figure 1. o

Figure 3 is a side view of theup'per portion of the machine, shown in Figure 2,- parts, thereof being broken away.

Figure 4 is a horizontal cross-section of; a clei0 tail portion of the machine, drawn .onv the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a horizontalcrossesection of the machine, shown in Figure 2, drawn on the line I Figure 6 is a front view of the upper portion of the completely assembled machine shown in Figure 2.

Like parts areidentiiled by the same reference characters throughout the several views.

My improved machine comprises a steel frame F, includingfour vertical standards I connected together at their upper and lower ends by fixed horizontal cross-heads 2, 2', respectively, the lower head 2' being, shown as anchored in a fixed 25 base support 3.

Another horizontal cross-head I is arranged to reciprocate on the standards I, and is moved as by means of two double-action hydraulicjacks 5 in operative connection between the toplcross- 30 head 2 and said reciprocable cross-head l.' The hydraulic jacks 5 are of any well knownf'orm, of construction and comprise a base 6 ailixed to the top cross-head 2, as by screws 1. The outer ends of piston-rods 8, of the jacks 5, are shown coupled to the cross-head 4, as through coupling members 9, I0 and I I, therefor provided, in operative arrangement. The cross-head 4 has a sliding flt upon the four standards I through the integral interconnecting guide members I2.

Another horizontal cross-head i3, of similar general construction to that of the cross-head 4,

likewise has a sliding fit upon the four standards I, through the integral interconnecting guide 45 members l4; Said cross-head l3 normally rests upon the base support 3 of the frame F, but it may be raised, as by means of'shims, or reciprocated, as by any well-known means, as herein disclosed, to suit the operating or working conditions of so the machine. A percussion producing device, herein shown and described as a pneumatic or steam-driven hammer H, and of any well known construction, is amxed by its base 15 to the top cross-head 2, 55

as by means of screws It, for a purpose to be herein below described.

Referring especially to Figures 1 and 2, each of said chisels I9 is shown independently springurged outwardly, with respect to its supporting decks H and ll, as by means of an encircling coiled spring 2!, interposed between the lower deck II and a cross-pin 22 and washer 23 amxed to said chisel. Each of said chisels i9 is also independently, automatically and firmly held in its respective stone-cutting or breaking position against a slab of stone 8 placed upon the upper deck l8, as by means of said springs 2| and as by the additional means of a wedge 24, horizontally disposed and reciprocably arranged with respect to each of said chisels I9 and with respect to said cross-head ll. Each wedge 24 is slidably fitted in holes 25,--equally spaced apart,Drovided in wedge-supporting members 26 and 28', afllxed to the cross-head l3, as by screws 21. Each wedge has a shank 24' which is also slidably fitted in holes 28,--also equally spaced apart,provided in a channel-shaped wedge supporting and manipulating member 29. Each wedge 24 is shown as being spring-urged outwardly with respect to said channel member 2!, and inwardly with respect to its cross-head as by means of an encircling coiled spring 30, interposed between the fiange member 3| oi channel 24 and a cross-pin 32 and washer 33 afnxed to said shank 24. The channel 29 is shown slidably arranged and adapted to be manually reciprocated horizontally with respect to said crosshead is and is operatively connected, as by means of bolts 35, to a pair of slotted arms 34, afflxed to said cross-head through the member 20.

The upper reciprocable cross-head 4 is in most respects of identical construction to that shown and above described with respect to said lower cross-head I3, but the upper head 4 is shown inverted with respect to'the lower cross-head IS.

The lower cross-head I3 is shown provided with belt conveyors 36 and ll, of any well known construction, for convenience in conveying the Referring to Figures 2, 3 and 4, the cross-heads 4 and I! are each also shown provided with means for retracting or moving the row of chisels simultaneously away from the stone slab S as when the latter is being shifted upon the deck I! as to a new cutting position, and said means is shown as comprising a pair of hand-operated levers 89, 89' in operative retracting connection with the chisels l9, through a horizontally disposed channel bar 40 reciprocably fitting upon the chisels IS, in holes 4i provided in said channel bar. Levers 8989' are amxed to each end of a rock-shaft 42, which is iournalled in supports 4*! aflixed to each of the cross-heads 4 and I3. The channel bars 40 are each provided at their ends with trunnions 44, 44', operatively connected, respectively, to said hand levers 89, 88', in slots 45, 45' intermediate the ends of the levels.

The chisel-retracting hand-levers ll, 49' may be provided with ordinary, well-known ratchet and pawl elements 90, as illustratedin Figure 3 of the drawings in operative connection with the respective cross-heads 4 and It, for convenience in holding the two opposing rows of chisels in a retracted position as while an uncut slab of stone S is being positioned upon the deck ll of the machine prior to the breaking operation and while aligning the slab with respect to the rows of chisels at the desired breaking line.

When'it is desired to cut the stone or other product having irregular faces, the operator will withdraw the chisel ends from their exposed positions above the decks, whereby the block is inserted therebetween. For example, by actuating one of the handles 09-89, the channel bars will cause compression of the springs, whereby the ends of all of the chisels will come in contact with the central solid bed portion of the cross head 4, which may be termed a hammer bed. However, before this manual operation of lilting the chisels, the operator will manually slide out the member 28 upon its support. This lateral movement of the wedges will withdraw the same from their interposed position between the hammer bed and ends of the wedges, as shown in Figure 2, to the position of the wedge as indicated in Figure 3. Hence, the wedges, which serve as blocks between the solid bed and ends of the chisels, are removed, leaving spaces. Either one of the handles 8H9, as previously stated, are then manipulated to lift the associated group of chisels until their ends abut the hammer ,bed. This movement thus causes the cutting ends of the chisels to recede to a position in approximate alinement with the supporting deck, it being understood that the lower deck serves as'a base or bed for the reception of the slab to be cut.

In operation,see especially Figures 1 and 2,- a stone slab S is conveyed, by said belt conveyor 38, to the deck I! of the machine, next the two opposing rows of chisels I! are retracted sufilciently to allow the slab B to rest uponsaid deck (Figure 3 shows the upper row of chisels in their fully retracted position). Next the slab S is positioned on the deck H on the desired cutting or breaking line of the slab, with respect to alignment with the two opposing rows of chisels, when the latter are released from their retracted positions to the positions shown in said Figures 1 and 2 with the cutting edges of the chisels each independently spring-urged against the irregular contour line of the slab at the desired breaking line. The slab 8 may be shimmed upon the deck H or otherwise held in place thereon by any convenient and well-known holding means not herein shown. Next; the upper reciprocable cross-head 4 is urged down toward the stationary cross-head, as with controlled hydraulic pressure exerted by the jacks I, the pressure being distributed equally to each and all the chisels in the two opposing rows to put nearly a breaking pressure upon the slab 8, when a sudden blow as by the percussion hammer H is delivered on the top centrally of the cross-head 4, which results in the shearing or breaking of the slab. The operation is repeated until the slab S is all cut or broken up as desired. The cut stone blocks T are placed in turn, as fast as cut, upon the belt conveyor B, which carries the blocks away to the desired delivery point.

A machine, substantially as is herein shown and described, has already been constructed an fully tested by me and the same has been foun to be highly efficient eoonomical and better than any other heretofore produced for the purpose.

It will nowbe obvious that many changes and modifications may be made in the structure as is herein disclosed without departing from the essence or spirit of the invention defined in the following claims.

Furthermore, I desire it to be fully understood that, while I have herein shown and described the machine illustrating my invention as being vertically disposed or designed, it will be obvious that, with slight modifications, it may be designed to operate in a horizontal position, without departing from the scope of my invention defined in the following claims.

It should also be understood that both groups of chisels may be blow-actuated against the opposite faces of the stone, or other product.

I claim:

1. In a machine for breaking or dividing stone slabs, the combination of a frame, a stationary cross-head in operative connection with said frame, a reciprocable cross-head slidably connected to said frame, combined means in operative connection with the machine for reciprocating said reciprocable cross-head and for urging the same under pressure toward the stationary cross-head, a row of chisels operatively and reciprocably associated arranged and connected in opposed and aligned stone cutting relation in each of said crosseheads, means for urging each of said chisels independently of the others up-ta, the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab to be cut, provisions operatively associated arranged and connected with each of said crossheads for positively holding each of said chisels independently of the others up to the said desired cutting contour line of the stone slab during the cutting or breaking operation, and provisions operatively associated and arranged with respect to the machine for delivering a percussion impact upon the reciprocable cross-head.

2. In a machine for breaking or dividing stone slabs, the combination of a frame, a stationary cross-head in operative connection with said frame, a reciprocable cross-head slidably connected to said frame, a deck aflixed to said stationary cross-head, combined means in operative connection with the machine for reciprocating said reciprocable cross-head and for urging the same under pressure toward the stationary crosshead, a row of chisels operatively and reciprocably associated arranged and connected in opposed and aligned stone cutting relation in each of said cross-heads, means for urging each of said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab to be cut, provisions operatively associated arranged and connected with each of said cross-heads for positively holding each of said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab during the stone cutting or breaking operation, and. provisions operatively associated and arranged with respect to the machine for delivering a percussion impact upon the reciprocable cross-head.

3. In a machine for breaking or dividing stone slabs, the combination of a frame, a stationary cross-head in operative connection with said frame, a reciprocable cross-head slidably connected to said frame, combined means in opera-' tive connection with the machine for reciprocating said reciprocable cross-head and for urging the same under pressure toward the said stationary cross-head, a row of chisels operatively and reciprocably associated arranged and connected in opposed and aligned stone cutting relation in each of said cross-heads, means for urging each of said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab to be cut, provisions operatively associated arranged and connected with each of said crossheads for positively holding each of said chisels independently of the others up to the said desired cutting contour line of the stone slab dur ing the stone, cutting or breaking operation, provisions operatively associated andarranged with respect to the machine for delivering a percussion impact upon the reciprocable cross-head, and means operatively associated arranged and connected with each of said cross-heads to retract each row of chisels away from said stone cutting position.

4. In a machine for breaking or dividing stone slabs, the combination of a frame, a stationary cross-head in operative connection with said' frame, a reciprocable cross-head slidably connected to said frame, combined means in operative connection with the machine for reciprocating said reciprocable cross-head and for urging the same under pressure toward the said stationary cross-head, a row of chisels operatively and reciprocably associated arranged and connected in opposed and aligned stone cutting relation in each of said cross-heads, means for urging each of said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab to be out, provisions operatively associated arranged and connected with each of said crossheads for positively holding each of said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab during the stone cutting or breaking operation, provisions operatively associated and arranged with respect to the machine for delivering a percussion impact upon the reciprocable cross-head, and stone conveying and delivering provisions conveying toward and away from the machine, respectively, operatively associated arranged and connected therewith.

5. In a machine for breaking or dividing stone slabs, the combination of a frame, a stationary cross-head in operative connection with said frame, a reciprocable cross-head slidably connected to said frame, a deck afllxed to said stationary cross-head, combined means in operative connection with the machine for reciprocating said reciprocable cross-head and for urging the same under pressure toward the stationary crosshead, a row of chisels operatively and reciprocably associated arranged and connected in opposed and aligned stone cutting relation in each of said cross-heads, means for urging each of said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab to be cut, provisions operatively associated arranged and connected with each of said crossheads for positively holding each of said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab during the stone cutting or breaking operation, provisions operatively associated and arranged with respect to the machine for delivering a percussion impact upon the reciprocable cross-head, means operatively associated arranged and connected with each 01' said cross-heads for retracting each row of chisels away from said stone cutting position, and stone conveying and delivering pro visions conveying toward and away from the machine, respectively, operatively associated and arranged with respect to the machine.

6. In a machine for breaking or dividing stone slabs, the combination of a frame, a stationary cross-head in operative connection with said frame, a reciprocable cross-head slidably connected to said frame, a deck afllxed to said stationary cross-head, combined means including hydraulic Jacks in operative connection with the machine for reciprocating said reciprocable crosshead and for urging the same under pressure toward the stationary cross-head, a row of chisels operatively associated arranged and connected in opposed and aligned stone cutting relation in each of said cross-heads, means including a spring for urging each of said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab to be cut, provisions including a wedge operatively associated arranged holding each 01' said chisels independently of the others up to the desired cutting contour line of the stone slab during the stone cutting or breaking operation, means including a spring tor urging each of said wedges independently of the others up under the shank-end of each chisel, provisions operatively associated and arranged with respect to the machine for delivering a percussion impact upon the reciprocable cross-head. and means operatively associated arranged and connected with each of said cross-heads for retracting each row oi. chisels away from said stone cutting position 7. In a machine for dividing slabs, a frame, a hammer bed reciprocatively mounted thereon, and a slab-supporting base: the combination therewith of a-gang of spring-urged chisels carried by the reciprocated bed, a like group of spring-urged wedges adapted to be interposed between the chisels and hammer bed, and means for shifting the wedges clear from their blocking engagement between the chisels and hammer bed.

PAUL M. J OHANNING.

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