US2140709A - Constructional element - Google Patents

Constructional element Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2140709A
US2140709A US66101A US6610136A US2140709A US 2140709 A US2140709 A US 2140709A US 66101 A US66101 A US 66101A US 6610136 A US6610136 A US 6610136A US 2140709 A US2140709 A US 2140709A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal plates
plates
metal
insulating
rails
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US66101A
Inventor
Mauser Karl Wilhelm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mauser KG
Original Assignee
Mauser KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mauser KG filed Critical Mauser KG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2140709A publication Critical patent/US2140709A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
    • E04B1/90—Insulating elements for both heat and sound slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/747—Corrugated materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to constructional elements of metal for enclosing rooms, 'ships cabins and the like, which are formed from two or more metal plates held at distances apart and com- 5- pletely insulated from one another. Constructional elements are already known in which the metal plates are insulated from one another by solid insulating plates which are interposed. Suchinsulating plates are mostly made of cork,
  • the webs act as carriers of sound so that the insulating material enclosed in the hollow spaces becomes inefiective.
  • the simultaneous connection of the webs with the metal plates 30 leads to great diftlculties, as, in order to avoid external projections, they can only be connected by spot welding. This may be effected by inserting a conducting core between the limbs of the web. Such manipulation, however, is very as complicated and expensive. In order to obtain insulation of the outer metal plates of the element, insulat-ng layers have been inserted between the lim oi the connecting webs and the metal plates.
  • corrugated card made from asbestosor the like.
  • this has a. high strength and is suitable for sufliciently protecting the metal plates against
  • the constructional elements are sufllciently strong, even when the walls are thin, and the stability can be increased by providing a suitable number of connecting rails.
  • the corrugated insulating card has the advantage over the solid insulating layers of being considerably less in weight.
  • Theassembly is effected according to the course of the corrugations in such a manner that separate plates or strips are formed which are covered by plane card layers.
  • the sound and heat insulation can be increased to a great extent by providing a suitable number of card layers, that is by dividing the corrugated material into layers.
  • ,Flg. 1 is an elevation and Fig. 2 a cross-section of a constructional element.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section of a part of an element on a larger scale.
  • Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views of modified constructions.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section through a constructional element consisting of two metal plates a and b. For connecting them together'the plates have" on the inside dove-tail shaped guides d in betweenwhich the connecting rails c of solid insulating material are slidably guided so as l to be easily removableif and when required.
  • the guides d serve also as abutments for the insulating insertions p used for connecting the two elements together.
  • the hollow space remaining between the metal plates a, b is filled with corrugated card made of asbestos or the sulating core 0 is partly enclosed by two metal strips g which slide on the plates 0., b and in the guides d.
  • the sliding in and out of the rails c is greatly facilitated by the arrangement of the metal strips 9.
  • connection of the two metal strips g can be secured by means of a screw and threaded sleeve k, the heads I of which fit in depressions m of the metal plates 0, b which are fitted in insulating sleeves i.
  • the screw heads are insulated from'the metal plates a, b by means of small insulating plates n applied so as to adhere, which may be arranged to spring back with respect to the outer edges of the rail, so as not to form an obstruction to the greater certainty.
  • the guiding strips g in this.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a constructional form of the connection of the metal plates a, b, in which the metal strips g are simply bent back at right angles and engage in step-like guides f secured to the metal plates.
  • the distancing bars are so constructed that a space is left between the holders and the metal plates. When they are slid in, the abutting ecges of the holders slide on the metal plate guides, so that the frictional resistance is reduced to a minimum.
  • This construction has a further advantage, in that the insulation of the outer metal plates with respect to one another is considerably improved, more particularly y the air cushion in the intermediate space 1.
  • the metal plates a and b areprovided on the inner side with guides f. Between the plates is the compact filling of material It.
  • the distancing bar consists oi" the compact insulating mass 0 which is enclosed on twosides by the independent holders 0?. The latter are” connected together by the screws 1.
  • The'insulation of the screws 1' with respect to the holders 0' is eflected by means of insulating discs L- 'Ihe holders W have at the ends bent-overpartsr so that they only bear against the guides I with" the thickness of the material. Air. spaces'q are left between the metal plates a and b and the distancing bars a, c.
  • FIGs 4 and 5 show the arrangement of the corrugations along the connecting rails, the layers running transverse to the metal plates a, b, in Figure 4, and parallel thereto in Fig: 5.
  • the layers of corrugated material are held together in separate plates or strips by means of the outer plane covers o.
  • For increasing the sound and heat insulation it is possible to insert several plane insulating layers 0 as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the eii'ectiveness of such insulation against heat has been tested experimentally in the construction of the element according to the invention. Thus, for example, when the metal plate a was exposed to a temperature of about 500 0.. even after a long time a temperature of only 32 C. was measured at the plate b.
  • a sound and heat insulating constructional element consisting of a plurality of spaced metal plates, rails for connecting and spacing the metal plates, each consisting of corrugated asbestos material and two sheet metal strips partly enclosing the corrugated asbestos material, and guides, shaped to flt the sheet metal strips, be-
  • a sound andheat insulating constructional element consisting of a plurality of spaced metal plates, rails for connecting and spacing the meg] plates, each consisting of compact insulating material and two sheet metal strips partly enclosing the insulating material, a screw and a threaded sleeve for each rail for securing the metal strips together, the metal strips having depressions for receiving the heads of the screw and sleeve, and insulating linings for the depressions and insulating plates for covering the heads of the screw and sleeve, and guides, shaped to fit the sheet metal strips, between which the rails can slide, arranged on the inner sides 0! the metal plates.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Description

Dec. 20, 1938. K w. MAUSER CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENT Filed Feb. 27, 1936 I //V vs an 5 a g 7 [ff KIA/.Wusef' Patented 20, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT- OFFICE Karl Wilhelm Mauser, Colognc-Ehrenfeld, Germany, assignor, :by mcsne assignme to to Mauser Kommandit Ehrenfeld, Germany Ges ellschaft, Col he- Application February 27,- 1936, Serial No. 66,101. In Germany Februal-r28, 1935 .4 Claims. (Cl. 18934) This invention relates to constructional elements of metal for enclosing rooms, 'ships cabins and the like, which are formed from two or more metal plates held at distances apart and com- 5- pletely insulated from one another. Constructional elements are already known in which the metal plates are insulated from one another by solid insulating plates which are interposed. Suchinsulating plates are mostly made of cork,
l asbestos or the like, and have not suflicient strength to give the constructional element the desired stability. It was therefore found necessary to make the metal plates thicker. Apart from the high initial cost, this, in addition to the 15 solid construction of the insulating layer, led to an increase of the weight, which is undesirable, especially in ship construction. Finally, metal webs have been used for connecting the metal plates of the constructional element which serve 20 at the same time for re-inforcement and make it possible to diminish the thickness of the walls to a minimum. This results in a diminution of the weight, but the two outer metal plates are not thermally insulated from one another, because 25 the connecting webs act as conductors of heat.
Furthermore, the webs act as carriers of sound so that the insulating material enclosed in the hollow spaces becomes inefiective. The simultaneous connection of the webs with the metal plates 30 leads to great diftlculties, as, in order to avoid external projections, they can only be connected by spot welding. This may be effected by inserting a conducting core between the limbs of the web. Such manipulation, however, is very as complicated and expensive. In order to obtain insulation of the outer metal plates of the element, insulat-ng layers have been inserted between the lim oi the connecting webs and the metal plates. In that case spot welding cannot 40 be used and counter-sunk screws have to be used for connecting, because, in view of the desired stability and portability of the element, the metal plates have to be-securely connected together. The screw connection, however, is not only very complicated, but also it causes a great increase in the initial cost. There is no certainty of the applied on one side of the constructional element 58 it does not have any result at the other side.
.being forced in.
tional element in a simple manner is facilitated. a
It is advisable to make the rails from two metal strips corresponding in shape to the guides, which encloses the solid insulating core to such an extent that a sufllcient'distance remains between the metal strips to ensure complete insulation. 'I'he securing of the dove-tail or step-like guides to the metal plates by spot-welding can be effected without trouble in a simple and cheap manner.
Furthermore, according to the invention it is proposed to use as insulating material corrugated card made from asbestosor the like. When suitably used this has a. high strength and is suitable for sufliciently protecting the metal plates against The constructional elements are sufllciently strong, even when the walls are thin, and the stability can be increased by providing a suitable number of connecting rails. The corrugated insulating card has the advantage over the solid insulating layers of being considerably less in weight. Theassembly is effected according to the course of the corrugations in such a manner that separate plates or strips are formed which are covered by plane card layers. The sound and heat insulation can be increased to a great extent by providing a suitable number of card layers, that is by dividing the corrugated material into layers.
The invention will be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
,Flg. 1 is an elevation and Fig. 2 a cross-section of a constructional element.
Fig. 3 is a cross-section of a part of an element on a larger scale.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views of modified constructions.
Figure 2 shows a cross-section through a constructional element consisting of two metal plates a and b. For connecting them together'the plates have" on the inside dove-tail shaped guides d in betweenwhich the connecting rails c of solid insulating material are slidably guided so as l to be easily removableif and when required. At
the places where the elements are joined together the guides d serve also as abutments for the insulating insertions p used for connecting the two elements together. The hollow space remaining between the metal plates a, b is filled with corrugated card made of asbestos or the sulating core 0 is partly enclosed by two metal strips g which slide on the plates 0., b and in the guides d. The sliding in and out of the rails c is greatly facilitated by the arrangement of the metal strips 9. An essential feature, however, is the increased stability of the connection and therefore of the constructional element obtained thereby. As is clear from Figure 3 the connection of the two metal strips g can be secured by means of a screw and threaded sleeve k, the heads I of which fit in depressions m of the metal plates 0, b which are fitted in insulating sleeves i. The screw heads are insulated from'the metal plates a, b by means of small insulating plates n applied so as to adhere, which may be arranged to spring back with respect to the outer edges of the rail, so as not to form an obstruction to the greater certainty. The guiding strips g in this.
case are made in pairs from a metal strip and are thus connected with the metal plates a or b.
Figure 5 illustrates a constructional form of the connection of the metal plates a, b, in which the metal strips g are simply bent back at right angles and engage in step-like guides f secured to the metal plates.
In the modified form of the invention shown in Figure 6, the distancing bars are so constructed that a space is left between the holders and the metal plates. When they are slid in, the abutting ecges of the holders slide on the metal plate guides, so that the frictional resistance is reduced to a minimum. This construction has a further advantage, in that the insulation of the outer metal plates with respect to one another is considerably improved, more particularly y the air cushion in the intermediate space 1.
The metal plates a and b areprovided on the inner side with guides f. Between the plates is the compact filling of material It. The distancing bar consists oi" the compact insulating mass 0 which is enclosed on twosides by the independent holders 0?. The latter are" connected together by the screws 1. The'insulation of the screws 1' with respect to the holders 0' is eflected by means of insulating discs L- 'Ihe holders W have at the ends bent-overpartsr so that they only bear against the guides I with" the thickness of the material. Air. spaces'q are left between the metal plates a and b and the distancing bars a, c.
It is of advantage for the stability of the-con structional element for the rafls c to be made to pass right through, so that a smooth bearing surface for the plates a, b is ensured. Instead of the rails it would be possible also to use separate short connecting pieces in order to obtain a better insertion of the insulating plates h of corrugated card, or to obtain a further diminution of weight and saving of material. The method of using thecorrugatd insulating material is shown in the various figures. Thus the cut away part in Figures 1, 2 and 3 show the ar-' rangement of the corrugations transverse to the metal plates a, b in which position the corrugated material offers the greatest resistance to lateral pressure on the metal plates. This arrangement will therefore principally be used for filling of the connecting rails 0. Figures 4 and 5 show the arrangement of the corrugations along the connecting rails, the layers running transverse to the metal plates a, b, in Figure 4, and parallel thereto in Fig: 5. The layers of corrugated material are held together in separate plates or strips by means of the outer plane covers o. For increasing the sound and heat insulation it is possible to insert several plane insulating layers 0 as shown in Fig. 2. The eii'ectiveness of such insulation against heat has been tested experimentally in the construction of the element according to the invention. Thus, for example, when the metal plate a was exposed to a temperature of about 500 0.. even after a long time a temperature of only 32 C. was measured at the plate b.
What I claim is:-
1. A sound and heat insulating constructional element consisting of a plurality of spaced metal plates, rails for connecting and spacing the metal plates, each consisting of corrugated asbestos material and two sheet metal strips partly enclosing the corrugated asbestos material, and guides, shaped to flt the sheet metal strips, be-
tween which the rails can slide, arranged on the inner sides of the metal plates.
2. A sound andheat insulating constructional element consisting of a plurality of spaced metal plates, rails for connecting and spacing the meg] plates, each consisting of compact insulating material and two sheet metal strips partly enclosing the insulating material, a screw and a threaded sleeve for each rail for securing the metal strips together, the metal strips having depressions for receiving the heads of the screw and sleeve, and insulating linings for the depressions and insulating plates for covering the heads of the screw and sleeve, and guides, shaped to fit the sheet metal strips, between which the rails can slide, arranged on the inner sides 0! the metal plates.
1 3. A sound and heat insulatinz constructional plates rails of corrugated asbestos material for element consisting of a plurality of spaced metal. to
connecting and spacing the metal plates, and
guides "shaped to flt the rails, between which the slide, arranged on the inner sides of the metalplates.
4. A constructional element as claimed in claiml. in'which the corrugated asbestos material is laminated.
US66101A 1935-02-28 1936-02-27 Constructional element Expired - Lifetime US2140709A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE452943X 1935-02-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2140709A true US2140709A (en) 1938-12-20

Family

ID=6538720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US66101A Expired - Lifetime US2140709A (en) 1935-02-28 1936-02-27 Constructional element

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2140709A (en)
GB (1) GB452943A (en)
NL (1) NL45242C (en)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2419149A (en) * 1944-01-01 1947-04-15 Mobile Refrigeration Inc Electrical method of mechanically connecting and mutually insulating spaced metal elements
US2659461A (en) * 1952-03-27 1953-11-17 American Steel Band Company Insulated metal wall panel
US2718287A (en) * 1951-07-02 1955-09-20 Ilia E Hobart Fire-proof building construction unit
US2747703A (en) * 1952-03-29 1956-05-29 Smith Corp A O Wall panel construction
US3074839A (en) * 1956-09-17 1963-01-22 Messrs Dufaylite Developments Method of making honeycomb material
US3106503A (en) * 1955-03-31 1963-10-08 Boardman M Randall Method of making honeycomb structural panels
US3512328A (en) * 1967-07-07 1970-05-19 Bofors Ab Fastening device
US3742673A (en) * 1971-03-22 1973-07-03 Rex Chainbelt Inc Panel edge fastening means
WO1982000324A1 (en) * 1980-07-24 1982-02-04 Bard R Aircraft floor panel installation system
US4577450A (en) * 1983-06-06 1986-03-25 The Boeing Company Waterproof floor panel fastening system, accessible from above
US5390468A (en) * 1992-08-13 1995-02-21 Probst; Thilo Facing element for floors, ceilings, walls and the like

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3020986A (en) * 1958-08-18 1962-02-13 Gen Dynamics Corp Composite structural panel
US3651887A (en) * 1970-10-19 1972-03-28 Oliver C Eckel Acoustical assembly with connectors having lips

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2419149A (en) * 1944-01-01 1947-04-15 Mobile Refrigeration Inc Electrical method of mechanically connecting and mutually insulating spaced metal elements
US2718287A (en) * 1951-07-02 1955-09-20 Ilia E Hobart Fire-proof building construction unit
US2659461A (en) * 1952-03-27 1953-11-17 American Steel Band Company Insulated metal wall panel
US2747703A (en) * 1952-03-29 1956-05-29 Smith Corp A O Wall panel construction
US3106503A (en) * 1955-03-31 1963-10-08 Boardman M Randall Method of making honeycomb structural panels
US3074839A (en) * 1956-09-17 1963-01-22 Messrs Dufaylite Developments Method of making honeycomb material
US3512328A (en) * 1967-07-07 1970-05-19 Bofors Ab Fastening device
US3742673A (en) * 1971-03-22 1973-07-03 Rex Chainbelt Inc Panel edge fastening means
WO1982000324A1 (en) * 1980-07-24 1982-02-04 Bard R Aircraft floor panel installation system
US4399642A (en) * 1980-07-24 1983-08-23 The Boeing Company Aircraft floor panel installation system
US4577450A (en) * 1983-06-06 1986-03-25 The Boeing Company Waterproof floor panel fastening system, accessible from above
US5390468A (en) * 1992-08-13 1995-02-21 Probst; Thilo Facing element for floors, ceilings, walls and the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL45242C (en)
GB452943A (en) 1936-09-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2140709A (en) Constructional element
US2997519A (en) Multicoaxial line cables
KR900001784B1 (en) Composite slot insulation for dynamo electric machine
US3195084A (en) Electrical apparatus having foil wound windings and metallic duct formers
US1890418A (en) Heat insulation
US2777786A (en) Thermal insulation
US1473842A (en) Structural element
US1938421A (en) Spacer for electrical winding coils
US2402105A (en) Multiple glass sash
ES511164A0 (en) IMPROVEMENTS IN AN ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR WITH A ROLLED ISOLATING SHEATH, MADE WITH STRIPS.
US2960196A (en) Resilient insulated edge construction for thermal insulating blankets
US2849695A (en) Core construction
DE3160497D1 (en) All-metal thermal isulation, consisting of frameable insulation blocks
US1959426A (en) Core and alpha method of making cores
US2015817A (en) Heat insulation for wall structures
US2205236A (en) Electrical apparatus
US3461222A (en) Insulated bus bars
US2575941A (en) Insulating covering
US1837952A (en) Electric cable
US2518807A (en) Electrical heating element
US3382118A (en) Method of constructing an assembly of bus bars
US4837549A (en) Tapped resistor grid assembly
US1600042A (en) Electric transformer
US2095369A (en) Thermal insulation
FR2382642A1 (en) Synthetic material thermal insulation cladding - comprises highly reflective sheets assembled alternately with spacing material and filled with gas