US2118228A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

May 24, 1938. J. RAVENNA OIL BURNER Filed Oct. 19, 1936 J66e v/z Rive 11 21a INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented May 24, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1 Claim.

This invention relates to burners and has for the primary object the provision of an eflicient and inexpensive device of this character which will successfully break up crude liquid fuel into small particles and mix the latter with air under pressure or with steam to produce highly combustible gas or liquid capable of furnishing a maximum amount of heat.

With these and other objects in view, this invention consists in certain novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

For a complete understanding of my invention, reference is to be had to the following description and accompanying drawing, in which- Figure l is a vertical sectional view illustrating a burner constructed in accordance with my invention.

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a modified form of my invention.

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 44 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a plan view illustrating a sleeve having a spiral groove forming one of the parts of the burner.

Referring in detail to the drawing, the numeral I indicates a tubular body having its thickness increased adjacent one end, as shown at 2. Said end forms a nozzle and the opposite end of the body has integral therewith a head 3 provided with openings 4. The head 3 forms a support for a fuel conducting tube 5 arranged centrally of the body. The tube is threaded in an opening provided in the head. The head is provided with a threaded nipple 6 communicating with the tube 5 and has threaded thereto a tube I. The tube 1 is supported by an air intake conduit 8, the latter having a passage 9 and a screw threaded nipple I to which a liquid fuel supply is connected. The air conduit 8 is suitably connected to the head 3 for the purpose of directing air into the body I by way of the openings 4. Air under pressure is admitted tothe conduit 8 in any well known manner.

The tube forms a support for a rotor I I. The rotor is free to rotate within the body I and the air passing through the openings 4 impinges against the rotor. Secured to the rotor II is an inner sleeve I2. Said sleeve I2 projects a limited distance from the nozzle end of the body and is spaced from the wall to form a restricted air passage I3. The inner end of the sleeve is substantially of conical shape, as shown at I 4, and is journaled on the tube 5 with the tube extending into the sleeve.

A core I 5 is carried by the tube 5 and is located within the inner sleeve I2 and a portion thereof 5 is of a hollow formation, as shown at I6, to form a fuel passage extending in the direction of the conical shaped end I4 of the inner sleeve and is in communication with the space between the inner sleeve and the core. A plurality of relatively 10 spaced annular ribs I I are formed on the core and provide therebetween annular grooves I8. The annular ribs I! are located between the core and the inner sleeve. The space between the inner sleeve and the core forms a fuel passage I8 and the purpose of the ribs and grooves is to interrupt the flow of fuel through the passage I9 towards the nozzle end of the body I. The passage I9 is in communication with the passage I6 and the tube 5 has a plurality of openings to permit the fuel to escape from the tube into the passage I6. A substantially conical-shaped deflector 2| is arranged on the tube within the conical-shaped end I4 of the inner sleeve I2. The fuel after leaving the tube passes through 5 the passage I6 to the deflector 2| which deflects said fuel into the passage I9. The fuel passes through the passage I9 to the nozzle end of the burner where it mixes with the air under pressure received from the passage l3. It is to be understood that the fuel is forced into the tube 5 or said fuel is placed under pressure in some suitable way. Therefore, the inner sleeve being rotated by the rotor relative to the core will bring about a thorough breaking up of the fuel after it leaves the tube 5 and prior to reaching the nozzle end of the burner so that the small particles of fuel will thoroughly mix with the air and become vaporized into a highly combustible mixture capable of producing a maximum amount of heat. It will be seen that the fuel after leaving the tube 5 is caused to travel away from the nozzle end of the burner .and is deflected towards the nozzle end of the burner and is interrupted in its flow towards the nozzle end of the burner so that it will be thoroughly broken into small particles. The inner sleeve being driven by the rotor I I relative to the core and the ribs thereof will prevent the fuel from adhering to the walls of the sleeve.

While I have described this burner as having a rotor for the purpose of driving an inner sleeve, the burner may be constructed as shown in Figure 3, wherein all of the parts are stationary,

and consists of a tubular body 22 similar in shape to the body I at the nozzle end while the opposite end is in the form of a head 23 having a steam conduit 24 and a fuel conduit 25. Extending into the fuel conduit 25 is a fuel conducting tube 26 and the latter is arranged axially of the body 22 and has secured thereto a spreader or deflector 21 arranged at the nozzle end of the body. The spreader is formed with a series of stepped annular faces 28 forming between itself and a core 29 mounted on the tube 26 a mixing chamber 30. The core 29 is constructed similar to the core l5 defining between itself and the tube 26 a fuel passage 3!. Surrounding the core and mounted on the tube 26 is an inner sleeve 32. The inner sleeve is spaced from the ribs of the core and forms a fuel passage 33 communicating with the fuel passage 3|. The fuel escapes from the tube 26 to the fuel passage 3| through ports 34. The inner end of the sleeve 32 is closed and abuts the head 23 of the body 22 with a tight fit. The inner sleeve is slightly spaced from the body 22 to form an air passage 35 communicating with the conduit 24 and with the mixing chamber 30. A portion of the inner sleeve is of an increased thickness and has formed therein a spiral groove 31. The steam under pressure escaping from the conduit 24 travels through the passage 35 to the mixing chamber 38 and is given a swirling action by the spiral groove 3?. The fuel traveling through the passages 3| and 33 is thoroughly broken up into small particles and when leaving the passage 33 it enters the chamber 30 and be-- comes mixed with the steam. The steam and fuel in the mixing chamber 36 striking against the spreader or the stepped faces thereof becomes thoroughly mixed and escapes at the nozzle end of the body 22 in a thoroughly mixed and vaporized condition.

Having described the invention, I claim:

A burner comprising a body having a head formed with an air inlet at one end and provided with an opening at the opposite end acting as an outlet nozzle, a liquid fuel conducting tube carried by the head and extending axially within the body and having an outer end terminating between said head and nozzle, said outer end fashioned with radially extending discharge ports for discharging liquid fuel under pressure from a said tube, a rotor rotatably mounted on said tube adjacent said head and adapted for rotation by air under pressure introduced into said body through said air inlet, a sleeve forming a liquid fuel chamber having a conical shaped inner section secured to said rotor for rotation therewith and an outer section spaced from said body to provide a restricted air passage between itself and said body, the outer end of said outer section terminating beyond said nozzle, a deflector fixed to said tube within said conical shaped section of the sleeve and fashioned with a conical shaped recess in the outer face thereof, a core spaced from said sleeve to form a liquid fuel discharge passage through said chamber and having a recessed inner end section fixed to and embracing the outer end of said tube to form a longitudinally extending liquid fuel passage therebetween Whereby to reverse a fiow of liquid discharged from said tube through said ports, said core having circumferentially extending ribs spaced from the inner periphery of said sleeve, said inner end of the core extending within the recess of said deflector and spaced from the latter to form upwardly and outwardly extending liquid fuel passages therebetween adapted to reverse the flow of liquid fuel from said longitudinally extending passage and direct the same against the inner periphery of said sleeve whereby the rotation of the latter serves to urge the liquid fuel in flowing condition thereagainst to form a film thereover, said ribs coacting with said sleeve to maintain a predetermined depth to said film on said sleeve for mixture with air from said restricted passage at the outer end of said sleeve and to prevent flames from entering the fuel chamber and said liquid fuel passages.

JOSEPH RAVENNA.

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