US2100758A - Continuous-vertical coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 30, 1937. P. VAN ACKEREN 2,100,758

CONTINUOUS VERTICAL COKING RETORT OVEN Filed April 8, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 30, 1937. P. VAN ACKEREN CONTINUOUS VERTICAL COKIN@ RETORT OVEN Filed April 8, l36- 2 Sheets-Sheen 2 Patented Nov. 30, 1937 -coN'rINUoUs-VERTIGAL coKING RE'ron'r IovEN Paul Van Ackeren, Essen, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Koppers Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Application April 8, 1936, Serial No. 73,238

' In Germany February 3, 1934 2 Claims.

The invention relates to continuous vertical chamber ovens or retorts for the production of gas and coke, and in particular to vertical chamber ovens or retorts of. such a design, that in the upper part of the coking chamberthere is provided a metallic suspension frame, extending from the oven roof into the interior of the chamber and adapted Vto feed the raw coal to be coked directly into the high temperature zonepof the chamber, whilst the distillation gases produced in the coking chamber are drawn-off from the space between said coal feeder and the chamber wall.

During the operation of such vertical chamber ovens, or retorts, it has been found as a disadvantage, that certain constituents of the distillation gases haveV condensed in the gas collecting space surrounding the coal feeder. Especially at the cooler parts of the metallic feeder, filled with cold coal, andat the chamber roof such condensatie substances deposit and decompose partially. By the formation of new deposits on the more or less decomposed 'condensates the free section of the gas collecting space and of the suction pipe respectively will be choked up gradually. In order to avoid such stoppages, in the gas path, the deposits have to be removed from time to time by means of rods or the like, whereby the comparatively low expense for -attending the continuous verticals is considerably increased. l

The main object of my present invention is to provide improvements in the upper part of. said vertical chamber oven or retorts, so as to prevent stcppages (due to condensation of decomposable gas constituents) within the path of the distillation gases.

My present invention consists principally in that the metallic coal feeder and the chamber roof are equipped with a cover of heat insulating material inside the chamber in such a manner, that the temperature in the gas collecting space and at the walls will always be higher than the dew point of the distillation gases with regard to condensable hydrocarbons contained therein.

Furthermore, the present invention has for its object to provide a new and useful design of the metallic coal feeder, arranged in the upper part of the chamber for feeding the raw coal to be coked directly into the hot chamber zone, said feeder being constructed according to the inventiou in such a way, that the heat insulating refractory cover may be attached safely to the metallic body of the feeder.

Still further objects of my invention will be understood readily from the following description of a preferred embodiment of my present invention.

On the drawing, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a part of a continuous vertical chamber oven, according to my invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross section according to line II-II of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section according to line III-III of Fig. 1 in an enlarged scale.

Figure 4 is a vertical cross section through one part of Fig. l, in an enlarged scale.

Figure 5 is a vertical cross section according to line V-V of Fig. 4.

The continuous vertical chamber oven shown on 15 the drawings is provided with a coking chamber 4, formed by refractory brick walls 20. The coking chamber 4 is closed on` the top by a cover plate 1, having a central oblong opening in which the coal feeder 2 is arranged. The feeder 2 has a projecting frame 5, interlocking a sand seal 6, provided on the cover plate 1. The upper part of the feeder 2 is connected with the outlet l of a coal storage hopper not shown on the drawing. Closable openings l1 are provided in the enlarged body of the feeder 2 and may be used for introducing pushing rods o-r the like Vinto the feeder pipe.

At the left front side of the chamber roof, the gas ascension pipe l0, leading to the hydraulic main lila, is connected to the cover plate 1 of the coking chamber 4, whilst on the right front side a cleaning opening 2l is provided.

The lower side of the chamber roof plate 1 and eventually also the upper side thereof is covered with a heat insulating material I6, such as highly porous refractories. Likewise, the feeder 2 is fitted with a cover of heat insulating material on its part projecting into the coking chamber. The cover of the roof plate 1 and of the feeder 2 is 40 constructed in such a way, that the gas collecting space 8a provided in the upper part of the chamber 4 is formed only by walls of heat insulating material.

The heat insulating cover of. the coal feeder 2 is fully illustrated in Figure 3. The body of the feeder consists of two cast iron frames, I9, I9a connected with one another by hinges l2, said frames being slightly convex on their length sides in order to prevent the warping of the cast iron body when heated. The outside of the frame I9, lila is provided with a row of dovetailed ribs I3, Vbetween which are inserted plates i4 consisting of heat insulating refractory material. At the lower part of the frame I9, 19a a horizontal framthere to heat exchangersfor instance regener-j ators or recuperators, corresponding "to the heating system of the oven.

As illustrated in Figure 2, the lcoal feeder 2 reaches up to the heating ue zone ofthe chamber walls, so that the coal fedinto the chamber will be quickly heated and *,coked. The slope formed by the charge blow'the routlet of the feeder inside the chamber is marked on the draw-V ing with H and Ila, respectively.

'As' shown in Figure 1, it `may be advisable to `'line the ascension pipe I0 also with heat insulating refractories lbi in'order to prevent any condensation of vapors and inconvenient deposits.

I claim: 1. `Continuous-vertical coking retort oven comprising a retort chamber adapted to be vfed continuously at its top with'coal to be coked and .having refractory heating walls `external thereto for externally applying coking heat tocoal in said :chamber through the heating walls therefor: a

metal cover forming a suspension frame arranged `to'cover the top of said chamber between the same and the atmosphere and having distillate `gas ,oiftake means in the -same anda metallic .coal feederchute suspended from sai-d frame so asfto extend down from the metal cover into the top ,of ythe chamber in spaced relation to the ,refractory .walls thereforfor delivering the coal to becoked into a high temperature zone at a distance-from the top of the chamber leaving a :gas collecting and off-flow space around the coal feeder so that the distillation gases produced in the chamber may be drawn off-from .the top of the 4coking charge to .the distillateY `offtake througha free space between the coal .feeder and the .walls of the top of the chamber; the outer surfaces of the sides of said coal feeder and the innersurface of the `metallic cover being .covered with a lining lof heat insulating porous refractory material onrthe inside of the chamber and so as to prevent heat from being conducted through the sides of the coal feeder for lhaving refractory heating walls external thereto for externally applying coking heat to coal in said chamber through the heating walls therefor: a metal cover forming a suspension frame arranged to cover the top of said chamber between the same andthe .atmosphere and having distillategas oftake means in the same and a metallic coal feeder chute suspended from said frame soas to extend down from the metal cover into .the top of the chamber in spaced relation to the refractory walls therefor for delivering the coal to be coked into arhigh temperature zone at a distance from the top of the chamber leaving a gas collectingA and off-ow space around the coal feeder so that the distillation gases produced in the chamber may be drawn off from the top of the coking charge to the distillate offtake through the free space between the coal feeder and the walls of the top of the chamber; the outer surfaces of the sides of said coal feeder and the inner surface of the metallic cover being covered with a lining of heat insulating porous refractory material on the inside ofthe chamber and so as to prevent heat from being conducted through ithe sides of the coal feeder Lfor absorption by coal therein and through the metallic cover for radiation into the atmosphere and thereby maintain .the temperature of gas in the kgas collecting and off-flow space and the walls forming thev same always vhigher than the dew point of the distillation gases with regard to concondensable hydrocarbons; said coal feeder comprising a row of spaced upright dovetail ribs on the outer surface of its sides and said lining comprising plates of the heat insulating refractory .material inserted between the ribs and provided with dovetail projections fitting the dovetail ribs on the coal feeder and a horizontal rib at the lowerpart of thecoal feeder between the upright ribs for supporting the plates between the upright ribs.

PAUL VAN ACKEREN.

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