US2093516A - Repeatedly ignitible match - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 21, 1937. I z. FGLDI ET AL REPEATEDLY IGNITIBLE MATCH Original Fil ed Jan. 5, 1933 6 5%W M 7 5w Patented Sept. 2 1, 1937 BEPEATEDLY IGNITIBLE MATCH Zoltn Fiildi and Bead Kdnlg, Budapest, Hun- I lary, assignors to Svenska 'llindsticks Aktiebolaget, Jonkoping, Sweden, a limited com pany of Sweden Application January 5, 1933, M1 No. 650,328.

Renewed December 12, 1936. In Hungary Jan- This invention relates to repeatedly ignitible matches.

Such repeatedly ignitible matches are known which consist of a combustible rod or stick in 5 which an igniting mixture is dispersed, the lat-- ter being a mixture of an oxygen supplying compound, for example, potassium chlorate and a deflagrating substance. In the present specification, deflagrating substances mean such solid combustible materials; whose mixture with a sufficient quantity of an oxygen supplying substance, as for example chlorate of alkali, is explosive or ignitible by friction. Such defiagrating substances are for example sulphur, benzoyl peroxide, antimony sulphide. The necessity for introducing such an igniting mixture makes the production of the matches dangerous. Further, if the sticks contain enough igniting mixture to procure-easy ignition by friction, the speed of combustion of the stick becomes too high for practical purposes and it becomes difficult to extinguish. For this reason, hitherto the quantity of igniting mixture has been reduced so far that the stick when cold could not or could only with great dimculty be ignited by friction,'so that ignition by rubbing could only be eflected if the stick was heated or was still warm from a previous ignition.

According to the invention the above drawbacks are avoided by entirely excluding deflagrating substances and using for the ignition an oxygen supplying compound, for example chlorate of alkali and for the maintenance of the combustion a combustible material of low burning velocity and of a gasifying temperature gen supplying compound. Burning velocity v means the velocity, with which a strip of combustible ignited at one end is consumed in air.

40 Substances like nitrocellulose or celluloid are of below the decomposing temperature of the oxy-.

7 Claims. 01. 44-4 a solid organic compound of a low burning velocity, such as naphthalene, camphor, camphorquinone, dimethyloxamide, polyoxymethylene, hexamethylenetetramineor metaldehyde.

As oxygen supplying ,compounds, chlorates, 5 perchlorates or bromates may be used. Sodium chlorate is preferred. Potassium chlorate, however, may be used too, but generally a higher percentage of the latter is necessary than of sodium chlorate. The quantity of chlorate re- 10 quired depends on the combustible materials used in the igniting piece of the match. But generally a quantity of more than 45% is required. As perchlorates can: be substituted in part for I the chlorates, it is to be understood that. the 1| term chlorates" includes a mixture of chlorates and perchlorates too. I

In order to obtain an absolutely reliable result it is preferred to increase the chlorate con-' tent so that the concentration of chlorate is at 20 least'50 per cent, in the igniting part of the match.

Preferably catalysts promoting the decomposition or the activity of the chlorates such as oxides or salts of metals of the second and third, 25 analytical groups of the periodic table, for ex- I ample, (CuzOiPbOa, FeaOa, F8304) etc., are added to the chlorates. (By the term "second analytical group we mean the metals Hg, Pb, Bi, Cu, Cd, As, Sb,'and Sn, and by the term "third analytical group the metals Al, Cr, Ti, Fe, U, Ni, Co, Zn, and Mn (see Treadwell, "Analytische Chemie, 1911, 2nd part, pages 71 and 139).)

Preferably, the bulk of or the whole combustible basic mass of the match consists of combustible materials which burn slowly and gasiiy substantially belowthe temperature of decomposition of the oxygen supplying compound, especially a chlorate, because such combustible materials will cool the burning end of the match to such an extent that in spite of the high content of chlorate, the burning match may be extinguished by blowing. As combustible materials with such a cooling effect, naphthalene, eamphor-quinone, camphor, dimethyloxamide, poiyoxymethylene (Ch-:0) n, metaldehyde, and the like are preferably used. These compounds begin to vaporize or gasify below 250 C., at or above which temperature the oxygen supplying compound, for example sodium chlorate begins to decompose.

the combustible material lies very near to or even above the temperature of decomposition of the oxygen supplying compound, as is the case, for example, with hexamethylenetetramine, stearic acid, parafiine or copal, the required cooling can be obtained by the addition of the substances above mentioned, such as naphthaline, etc.

As it has been found unexpectedly as a striking advantage, that the high content of oxygen supplying compound maybe restricted to those parts cf the match which come into contact with the rubbing surface on ignition, the high content of oxygen-developing compound is restricted only to zones of the match, which extend over the whole of its length, but are restricted to'a fraction of its cross sectional area.

In the drawing several examples of such matches are shown.

mg. 1 is a longitudinal section of a match according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the cylindrical part of -the match in Fig. 1 thereof and Figures 3-6 are transverse sections of the cylindrical part of different modifications of the match.

According to Figures 1 and 2, the core 2 containing all or the bulk of the oxygen supplying compound is axially embedded in the part I con taining the bulk of the combustible material. 5 is a protective film, of cellophane. It is to be seen, that the mass or the core 2 is less than one half of the total mass of the match. This is the preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 shows the use of a core of lentiform cross section.

Fig. 4 shows a match with three constituting pieces, viz.: an inner core 2 containing the oxygen supplying compound, a tubular embedding part 4 and an outer embedding part 1, parts 4 and I being both combustible masses but of different composition.

Figures 5 and 6 show other variations of cores 2 embedded in combustible masses I.

By restricting the oxygen supplying compound to one core or a plurality of cores arranged in the match, a very high concentration of oxygen supplying compound securing easy ignition can be used without impeding in the least the easy extinction of the match by blowing. At the same time, even with the most favourable high concentration of oxygen-developing compound, such as chlorate of alkali in the core, the total chlorate content of the whole match is substantially lower than would be the case ii the chlorate had to be uniformly distributed throughout the whole mass of the match in a percentage necessary to ensure easy ignition.

The piece of the match containing the oxygen supplying compound may contain, in addition, a quantity of a combustible material suilicient either to produce a temporary flame when struck on phosphorous surfaces, or to keep the said flame burning even without aid of the combustible mantle substance in which the said zone is embedded. Preferably the part containing the oxygen supplying substance should be poor in combustible material, so that alone it could produce either no flame at all or only a flame of very short life when ignited by rubbing. nevertheless an unexpectedly useful igniting match if used as a core embedded in a mantle consisting of combustible material of a low gasification temperature.

The core having a high chlorate concentration It forms must, after each extinction of the match, protrude slightly from the combustible embedding material. The core containing the chlorate is, however, very liable to burn into the embedding material, so that after extinction, the chlorate will be located at the bottom of a crater-shaped cavity, which will prevent the next ignition. This drawback may be eliminated by the addition of materials to the core, which, besides being of low burning velocity, are gasified far below the temperature of decomposition of the chlorate, such as naphthaline, methyloxamide, metaldehyde, etc., and by the addition of binding agents, which retain at least part of their binding capacity at the temperature of decomposition of the chlorate, such' as acetyl cellulose. r

The core containing the oxygen supplying substance may contain further additions too, such as glass powder or fine sand or iron oxide.

If the combustible material of the embedding part ll of the match has a comparatively high gasification temperature, such as hexarnethylenetetramine, it is advisable to separate the parts 2 containing the oxygen supplying compound from the part I by a layer 4 (Fig. 4) consisting of cooling materials such as metaldehyde. I

By restricting the oxygen supplying compoun cores, which are surrounded by a mantle of a combustible material, the activity of the core can be increasedfor instance by a very high chlorate content and by activators-even to such an extent that the core alone, when once ignited could be extinguished only with great difliculty by blowing. The gases produced by the embedding combustible of low burning velocity and of low gasirlcation temperature have, however, a suflicient cooling efiect to procure nevertheless easy extinction of the burning core by blowing. When using such cores it may be desirable to take a combustible mantle with a tubular hole of a diameter sufiicient to allow the core to slide therein.

are kneaded with 1.7 parts of acetyl cellulose and suiiicient acetone to form a plastic composition for the production of cores, (diameter of the cores about 15-25mm.) which are embedded by pressing the cores by means of a compound rod press in a composition of Percent Metaldehyde 87 .Celluloid 13 dissolved in acetone to form matches of about 6 mm. diameter. thin protecting cellophane-layer. 2.

Parts Sodium chlorate 55.0 English red 1.7 Glass powder 13.7 Metaldehyde 12.8 Anthracene 4.3 Acetyl cel1ulose 12.5

are mixed with acetone to form a mass suitable ror pressing. By the term English red in this patent is meant a dyestufl, containing iron oxide (FezOa) From this composition, the cores of the The match is provided with a match are made.

The outer mantle of the match is composed of are pressed to form cores of 2.543 mm. thickness and are embedded in a mass of about 6 mm. diameter composed of Per cent Metaldehyde 82 Celluloid 18 4. Parts Sodium chlorate 6 Iron oxide 0.4 Fine sand 1.6 Metaldehyde 1' Paraformaldehyde 0.8 Acetyl cellulose 1.1

are mixed with acetone to form a plastic mass. Another plastic mass is then prepared from acetyl cellulose and a solvent. By means of a triple rod press, rods are pressed, the core of which consists of the first mixture, the outer mantle of acetyl cellulose, while the zone between the core and the mantle consists of the second mixture set out in Example 3.

5. Parts Potassium chlorate 8 English red 0.5

Acetyl cellulose 1.5

are rendered plastic by the addition of acetone and are pressed by means of a compound rod pressas described with reference to Example 1, with an embedding mass consisting of Per cent Metaldehyde 87 Celluloid 13 The above described matches are pointed at one end in order to enable the core to slightly protrude.

The matches prepared in accordance with the above examples can be easily ignited on phosphorous rubbing surfaces having for example the What we claim is: v 1. A repeatedly ignitible match free from deflagrating substances and adapted to be extining to the group consisting of the second and third guished by blowing and ignited by friction, comprising a combustible stick, and a friction igniting mass embedded therein as a longitudinal core, said stick having as its combustible ingredient, which combustible ingredient constitutes the greater part of the mass of the stick, a solid organic compound of theclass consisting of naphthaiene, camphor, camphor-quinone, dimethyloxamide polyoxymethylene, hexamethylenetetramine, and metaldehyde, and said friction-ignit ing mass containing as its ignition-efiecting active part an alkali-halogen salt of the group consisting of alkali chlorate and alkali bromate in a quantity of more than 45%, and further an organic' binding agent for said chlorate which retains at least part of its binding capacity at the temperature of decomposition of said chlorate.

2. A repeatedly ignitible match free from defiagrating substances and adapted to be extinguished by blowing and ignited by friction,

comprising a combustible stick, and a friction igniting mass embedded therein as a longitudinal core, said stick having as its combustible ingredient, which combustible ingredient constitutes the greater part of the mass of the stick, a solid organic compound of the class consisting of napthalene, camphor, camphor-quinone, di-

methyloxamide, polyoxymethylene, hexamethylenetetramine, and metaldehyde, and said frictionigniting mass containing as its ignition-eflecting active part an alkali-halogen salt of the group consisting of alkali chlorate and alkali bromate in a quantity of more than 45%, and further an organic binding agent for said chlorate which retains at least part of its binding capacity at the temperature of decomposition of said chlorate, the said igniting mass also containing substances for decreasing the rate of burning of said mass and for tending toprevent the formation of a crater. in said match, the said substances being selected from the group consisting of naphthalene, methyloxamide, and metaldehyde.

3. A repeatedly. ignitible match free from deflagrating substances and adapted to be extinguished by blowing and ignited by friction, comprising a combustible stick, and a friction igniting mass embedded therein as a longitudinal core, said stick having as its combustible ingredient, which combustible ingredient constitutes the greater part of the mass of the stick, a solid organic compound of the class consisting of napthalene, camphor, -camphor-quinone, dimethyloxamide,polyoxymethylene,hexamethylenetetramine, and metaldehyde, and said friction-igniting mass containing as its ignition-effective active part an alkali-halogen salt of the group consisting of alkali chlorate and alkali bromate in a quantity of a crater in the mass, the said substances being.

selected from the group consisting of napthalene, methyloxamide, anthracene and paraformaldehyde, and a binding agent for said chlorate consisting of acetyl cellulose.

4. A repeatedly ignitible match, as claimed in claim 1, cha acterized in that the igniting mass contains up to 5% of an oxide of a metal belonganalytical groups of the periodic table.

5. A repeatedly ignitible match as claimed in claim 1 in which the combustible stick contains, as an added ingredient serving as a readily combustible binding agent, a material selected from the group consisting of plasticized nitrocellulose and celluloid.

6. A repeatedly ignitible match free from defiagrating substances and adapted to be extinguished by blowing and ignited by friction, comprising a combustible stick, and a friction igniting mass embedded therein as a longitudinal core, said stick having as its combustible ingredient, which combustible ingredient constitutes the greater part of the mass of the stick, a. solid organic compound of the class consisting of naphthalene, camphor, camphor-quinone, dimethyloxamide, polyoxymethylene, hexamethylenetetramine, and metaldehyde, and an igniting 15 mass forming a longitudinal core within said cellophane around the match.

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