US2091703A - Coking retort oven structure - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 31, 1937.

F. DENlG COKING RETORT OVEN STRUCTURE Filed Feb. 14, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 3 u M H 1 u INVENTOR Faan Danna Aug. 31, 1937, I F. DENIG 2,091,703

COKING RETORT OVEN STRUCTURE Filed Feb. 14, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Fsaeo DE-HlGr.

ATTOR N EY Patented Aug. 31, 1937 PATENT OFFICE- COKING RETORT OVEN STRUCTURE Fred 4Denig, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Koppers Company, a corporation of Delaware Application February 14, 1936, Serial No. 63,866

8 Claims.

at the outer ends of coking retort oven heating walls built of refractory materials.

Among the objects of my present invention is the provision of a jamb construction which provides, from the exterior of the battery, a simple means of access to the layer of heat-resisting fibrous materials, grouting, luting or the like, generally used as a packing or a sealing means, in the interstitial spacesbetween the oven wall jambs and their protective face-plates, to prevent the circulation of coal distillation gases or air between contiguous ovens in a battery of the same.

By means of my present invention, a preferred sealing material may be inserted or replaced in the joint between the jamb and the face-plate without incurring operating inconveniences or disturbing major structural elements of the battery, and it offers an expedient permitting the condition of the sealing means to be examined, at any time, along the full height of the jamb. Furthermore, the instant invention gives positive protection against the development of invisible or concealed flow pathways for distillation gases between adjacent ovens through such chinks as may develop in consequence of fluctuating operating conditions imposed on the coking structure from time to time, that may give rise to heterogeneous expansion and contraction of its walls.

My invenion also provides means of detecting and an improved means of protecting the jamb joint against continued deposition of tar and the like by gases penetrating the afore-mentioned packing layer, which, if allowed to accumulate, may reach such proportions as to distort the buckstays from their preferred alignment.

My present invention, by reason of its promoting the stability and integrity of coking retort structures, provides important operating advantages and benefits.

The invention includes among its other objects such other improvements or advantages in construction and operationas are found to obtain in the structures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and showing for the purpose of exemplification, a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, and without limiting the claims of the invenion to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 shows fragments of the side elevation of a coke oven structure provided with the improvements of the present 3 invention; one fragment showing the face-plates and retaining buckstays in place;

Figure 2 is an elevational sectional view longitudinally of an oven heating-wall and perpendicular to the line II-II of Figure 1; and shows the jamb construction of my present invention and its relation to the buckstay; Figure 3 is. a sectional top plan view of the same jamb ends of the heating walls of several contiguous coking retort ovens constructed according to the present improvement;

Figure 4 is a sectional top plan view of one jamb tier at the end of a heating wall showing fragments of the luted doors of two contiguous ovens and the disposition of the face-plate and the retaining buck-stays; I

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 but in combination with a self-sealing door;

Figure 6 is a sectional top plan view of one brick tier at the jamb end of a heating wall and shows in detail disposition of the bricks forming the jamb of the present invention, the jamb face-plate, the retaining buck-stays and the sealing materials used in the joint between the jamb masonry and its face-plate.

The same characters of reference indicate the same parts throughout the several views.

In the present embodiment, the invention is incorporated in a coke oven battery of horizontal oven type, and for convenience the present description will be confined to this application of the invention. The features of the invention. are, however, readily susceptible of other uses, for example in connection with coke oven batteries of other forms; hence, it is manifest that the scope of the invention is by no means confined to the specific uses and specific embodiment herein described.

Referring now to the drawings:

In Figures 1 and 2 are shown fragments of a coke oven battery having a plurailty of side-byside coking chambers l0 formed between heating walls.

Within these walls, are vertically disposed heating fiues i9 in which the underflring gas and air are burned following their introduction into the lower part thereof. The heat evolved by this combustion process is absorbed by the heating walls and transferredto the coal charge in the coking 'chambers, to promote the coking reaction.

The heating walls are formed from vertically disposed courses of liner bricks 20, tied together by the filler bricks 2 I, and between said liner and filler bricks, are the heating fiues IS. The ends of the heating walls, terminating at the battery faces, are formed into jambs 22, which comprise a plurality of vertically arranged and co-extensive brick courses reaching from below the oven soles to a point above the tops of the coking chambers. The oven jambs are essentially the terminal sections of the heating walls and at their battery face parts are so formed that, on the opposite sides of each jamb, vertically extending wings I! are provided adjacent the coking chamber wall surfaces and substantially parallel therewith.

The brickwork of the heating walls is rigidly retained in its designated position by means of the buckstays I3, and the tension maintained on the cross-battery tie-rods l6a at the upper ends of the buckstays. Each heating wall has two such jambs, one at each end of the wall.

Intervening the retaining buckstays and the masonry of the jambs, are the face-plates H, which serve not only to protect the brickwork of the jambs from Jars, scraping and bumping accompanying the incautious removal of the oven doors l2, which rest in the coking chamber mouths during the coal distillation period, but also to distribute over the jamb surface, the pressure exertedby the buckstays. That portion of the face-plate ll, adjacent the periphery of the oven mouth, is shaped so as to conform to the wings I! of the jamb masonry, and to provide a rim M, which lies in substantially a vertical plane extending crosswise of the oven. The surface l5 of a luted door or the knife-edge I6 of. a selfsealing door, when in operating position, rests against the surface of the rim H in such manner as to seal the oven chamber from the outside atmosphere and prevent the escape of the distillation gases.

The face-plate I I may be made as a single casting extending entirely around the periphery of the oven mouth and held in place by the buckstays at each side thereof, as in Figure 1, or may be built up from appropriately shaped sections. The joint 23, between the face-plate and the jamb face, is filled with packing or sealing material, which prevents the transfer of gases from one oven to those adjacent through this interstice. It is highly desirable to maintain this joint in a gas tight condition at all times, and any device that will make it easily accessible from the exterior of the battery, will promote ease of inspection, and is designed to give warning of the development of inadequacy of the seal and provide positive protection against unapparent transfer of gas from one oven'to another, will constitute a distinct contribution to the art.

In consequence of the expansions and contractions of the brickwork of the oven walls, which recurrently arise as a result of the changes made in the temperatures of the walls to accommodate the demands of changing operating requirements, strains are developed in the joint 23, and may become sufficient to open a chink and permit the penetration of the distillation gases. Failure to detect these chinks when they are small, and to provide adequate repair as they develop, may lead to their magnification and create undesirable circumstances.

According to the present invention, I provide for the terminal sections of each heating wall, a

jamb construction having a recess at its face part, said recess extending vertically along the full length of the jamb at substantially its median line. Within said recess I insert bricks of a re fractory material and in such manner that they protrude, at their outer part, beyond the jamb surface and form a masonry spine or ridge Hi. This ridge may comprise a single brick for each brick course comprising the jamb, or one brick may extend over a plurality of courses, as shown in Figure 1. In my invention, the face-plates are so fashioned as to substantially cover the jamb face and be held in place by the buckstays, but terminate a sufllcient distance from the ridge bricks I! to permit a facile removal of said bricks from the jamb when desired. As shown in Figures 2, 6, the face edge of the jamb-ridge bricks protrudes sufiiciently beyond the face-plate and the inner angle of the retaining buckstays to allow their being easily grasped for removal.

With my present invention, the development of chinks in the joint 23, sufficiently extensive to provide a flow passageway for gases from one oven to those contiguous, is obviously impossible because of the impervious ridge I8 intervening the face-plates ll. Distillation gases that may penetrate said joint to sufiicient depth to reach the ridge [8, will be diverted to the exterior of the battery and thereby give warning of a perforation in the seal. In such eventuality, with the jamb of my invention, it is only necessary to remove appropriate bricks forming the jamb, and convenient access to the seal will be oflered to carry out the proper repairs to close any continuous gas leaking cracks, which furthermore, can be effected without disturbing major structural elements of the battery or inconvenience to the operators.

Any preferred material or combination of materials can be used as sealing means, without departing from the spirit of my invention. I prefer, however, to use the combination of materials shown in Figure 6. At points 24, 25, a fibrous and heat resisting material such as asbestos is placed, and the intervening space 26 is filled with a flowable solid, such as silica sand, ground firebrick, or the like. Between points 24 and the oven chamber wall surface, a silica patching cement has given satisfactory results.

' A preferred disposition of the bricks, comprising the jamb of my invention, is also shown in Figure 6. The outer end of the liner bricks, 21, 28, of a heating wall form the major portion of. the jamb. Between the liner bricks, are the filler bricks I8, 29; the latter forms a portion of one side of the end heating fiue. These filler bricks are so disposed in respect to each other, that their joints with the bricks 21, 28, are discontinuous and ofiset in a manner to avoid the opening of a chink continuous from the oven endflue to the exterior of the battery.

The joints between the removable bricks l8 and the jamb bricks 21, 28, should be of highly refractory cement and of such character that the joints are impenetrable to the distillation gases. The cement used, however, should be-sufficiently friable, at the temperatures obtaining in the jamb, to permit easy withdrawal of the bricks comprising the jamb ridge. The brick 29 may be formed as an integral part of either brick 21 or 28 without departing from the spirit of my invention.

The interstices between the removable brick i8 and the facaplates are firmly packed with a fibrous material, such as rock-wool or asbestos;

this packing should be maintained sufficiently tight to confine grouting filling the space 25 within its designated space. The lugs 30 on the face-plate are placed a intervals along the inner surface thereof. and rest against the brickwork of the jamb to retain the face-plate a preferred distance from the jamb face and provide space for a joint seal of the desired thickness. Holes 3| in the face-plate, between the buckstays and the strengthening rib 32, permit grouting materials to be flowed into the communicating portion of the jamb joint. The holes 3| are provided with covers 33.

From the above given description of my present invention, it is obvious that I provide a novel and effective means of preventing the circulation of coal distillation gases, between adjacent ovens comprising a battery thereof, by way of the joints between the jamb faces of. the heating walls and their protective face-plates. My invention also provides easy accessibility to said joint from the exterior of the battery, thereby facilitating its maintenance in proper condition and simplifying inspection. Furthermore, such gases as may penetrate deeply into the aforementioned joint,

- between a jamb and its face-plate, will be diverted to the exterior of the battery and give warning of the existence of an undesirable condition therein.

The invention ashereinabove set forth is embodied in particular form and manner but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

1. A coking retort chamber with heating walls of refractory material and at each end of said walls a jamb structure comprising, a plurality of vertically co-extensive brick tiers with the face part of the jamb bricks constructed to receive and be protectively covered by metal face-plate means therefor on opposite sides of approximately the vertical median line of the jamb, and at the face part of said jamb, a rib of refractory material protruding therefrom a distance sufficient to reach to at least the outer surfaces of the metal face-plate means for which the jamb bricks are designed and adapted to be covered by, and said rib also extending substantially the full length of the jamb along approximately the vertical median line thereof so as to be adapted to structurally interrupt the continuity of the joint between the face-plate means and the jamb bricks from one side to the other of the jamb and thereby act as a positive barrier to the flow of gas through the joint from either side to the other underneath the face-plate means.

2. A coking retort chamber with heating walls of refractory material and at each end of said walls a jamb structure comprising, a plurality of vertically co-extensive brick tiers, and at the face part of said jamb, a rib of refractory material protruding therefrom and extending along approximately the vertical median line thereof,

a vertically extending slot-like recess at approximately the median lineof the jamb face and substantially co-extensive with the respective brick courses of the jamb and accessible from outside the heating wall, and metal flash plates covering the jamb on opposite sides of the slot-like recess and terminating at said-slot like recess so as to leave it uncovered, and a structural barrier insertable in the recess between the flash plates and positively barring the seepage of gas from underneath the flash plates on one side directly to and underneath the flash plates on the opposite side of the structural barrier.

4. In a coking oven retort structure having heating walls of refractory materials terminating with a jamb structure, said jamb comprising a plurality of vertically co-extensive brick courses constructed on their outer faces for cooperative connection with holding metal facing adapted to be applied in spaced relationship on opposite sides of approximately the median line of the jamb face and having predetermined companion structural characteristics for such cooperative connection, a vertically extending slot-like recess at approximately the median line of the jamb face and substantially co-extensive with the respective brick courses of the jamb, and bricks arranged in said recess to form a rib-like projection from the jamb face, the bricks comprising said projection being adapted for breaking the continuity of the joint between the jamb and the metal facing, when applied, from one side to the other of the jamb and being in such relationship with the jamb structure as to permit 5. In a coking oven retort battery having, in

combination: a plurality of side-by-side coking ovens disposed between heating walls terminating at each end in a jamb structure of refractory materials; a metallic face-plate means for the full length of the jamb between the face part of each jamb and retaining means therefor; a joint between the jamb face and its face-plate means sealed at least in part with yielding refractory' material; and means for interrupting the continuity of said joint between contiguous ovens of the battery, said means comprising a rib of refractory material insertable from the face part of the jamb and so as to extend outwardly to at least the outer face of the jamb faceplate means when in place and also extend coextensively with the'full length the jamb proper along substantially the vertical median line thereof and accessible from the exterior of the battery through the jamb face-plate means.

6. In a coking oven retort battery having, in combination: a plurality of. side-by-side coking ovens disposed between heating walls terminating at each end in a jamb structure of refractory materials; a metallic face-plate means for the full length of the jamb between the face part of each jamb and retaining means therefor, a joint between the jamb face and its face-plate means sealed at least in part with yielding refractory material; and means for interrupting thecontinuity of said joint between contiguous ovens of the battery, said means comprising a rib of refractory material protruding from the face part of the jamb and co-extensive with the major length of the jamb proper along a vertically median line thereof and extending to the exterior of the battery through the jamb face-plate means, said rib comprising refractory bricks received in such relationship by a slot-like recess closed to the interior of the battery and extending along approximately the vertically'median line of substantially the major length of the jamb face as to permit their being inserted and withdrawn therefrom at the exterior of the battery.

7. A coke oven battery having in combination: a plurality of side-by-side coking ovens disposed between heating walls terminating in a. jamb structure; heating flues, within the heating walls, disposed between vertically arranged liner bricks tied with filler bricks; a jamb structure comprising co-extensive and vertically disposed courses of bricks so formed as to provide, at the face of. said jamb, vertically extending lateral wings and a slot-like recess at about the vertical median line of the jamb and approximately co-extensive with the full length thereof; face-plate metallic-means for the jamb conforming to the lateral wings thereof and supported by retaining means; a sealed joint composed at least in part of yielding refractory material between the jamb face and the metallic face-plate means; a refractory rib protruding beyond the jamb face and dividing the face-plate metallic means throughout substantially the full lengthof the lamb, said rib being formed from bricks received in such relationship in the substantially median slot like recess of the jamb as to form a positive barrier to the formation of a continuous Joint from one side to the other of the jamb under the metallic facing and also permit their introduction and removal 'at a point exterior of the battery.

8. In a coking retort oven battery having in combination: a plurality of coking chambers alte'rnately disposed between heating walls; each heating wall having a jamb structure at the end thereof; metallic face-plate means for substantially the full length of the jamb proper, said face-plate means being divided the full length of and longitudinally of the jamb; a sealing joint 'of yielding refractory material between the faceplate means and the jamb-face; and means for retaining the refractory sealing material in said joint comprising a masonry ib projecting from the face part of the jamb and intervening the jamb face-plate means where divided, said rib extending to at least the outer surface of the face-plate means and being removable from the jamb structure at the battery face thereby affording access to the joint sealing material.

FRED DENIG.

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