US2090615A - Copy holder - Google Patents

Description

E. s. DODGE Aug. 24, 1937.

COPY HOLDER 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filqd Sept. 30, 1936 v a 1 9 L w y f 6 6 2 9 E 4, e J P 1.... B P73 645 u 0 3 33 2 2 1 M 2 0 B W/O 2 S= w 2 2 7 2 1 o w 0 f M,reo 4 2 0 5 0 2 M 6 .0 5 a 2 IN VEN TOR EL BERKS. 9006f WITNESSES ATTORNEY E. S. DODGE Aug. 24, 193 7.

COPY HOLDER Filed Sept. 50, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 llllll llllllllllllllllllllllllll...|

INVENTOR ELBER'TS. DODGE B, m

WITNESSEJ ATTORNEY E. S. DODG E Aug. 24, 1937.

GOP! HOLDER Filed Sept. 30, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 llllllllill INVENTOR EL BERT-5- DODGE ATTORNEY 2 0 W m fl 0 5 4 6 5 5a and m 4 4 4 4 4 W4 W1 3 2 a vw l A m 2 w 7 9 1 4 n 7 n J 267 7 0 f 2 0 3 0 7 a m .MQM m 7 7 Z M 2/ 8 a w Aug. 24, 1937. E. "s. DODGE COPY HOLDER Filed Sept. 30, 1936 8 Sheetg-Sheet 4' 3 vwc/wto'n ELBERTj DODGE E. S. DODG E COPY HOLDER Aug. 24, 1937.

Filed Sept. 30, 1956 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 llllllllllllllllfliilillllllllll lll llllll llllllllll llllllllllliiml llIllllllllillllllllllllill'l ATTORNEY INVENTOR ELBE/PTS 00065 say Aug. 24, 1937.

E. s. DODGE COPY HOLDER Filed Sept. 30, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 A BY ATTORNEY E. S. DODGE Aug. 24, 1937.

COPY HOLDER Filed Sept. 50, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 IN VE N TOR E L 51-7? T6. 00065 WITNESSES ATTORNEY Aug. 24, 1937. E. s. DODGE COPY HOLDER Filed Sept. 30, 1936 8 Sheets-Shet 8 l N VE N TOR ELBERTJ. DODGE ATTORNEY mp g 3 ml \lH Ll Patented Aug. 24, 1937 ilhii'iiii TABS COPY HOLDER,

Elbert S. Dodge, Elinn, N. Y., assignor to Remington Rand Inc, Buffalo, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application September 30, 1936, Serial No. 103,408

22 Claims.

My invention relates to copyholders and the objects of the invention, generally stated, are as follows:

To provide an improved copyholder for indicating the various lines successively one line at a time as they are being copied.

To provide such an improved copyholder of the type wherein a copy carrying member and a line indicating member may be relatively moved in steps from a first line indicating position to a last line indicating position or readily restored from any line indicating position to said first line indicating position.

To provide a construction in which the parts may be moved to a collapsed position of nonuse for convenient reception and movement into a usual drop cabinet along with a typewriting machine.

To provide in a copyholder of the above type an improved means for effecting such intermittent relative movements between the copy carrying member and the line indicating member, whereby increased ease and reliability of operation is obtained and which may be manufactured and assembled with greater ease and economy.

To provide in such a copyholder an improved means whereby the relatively movable members may at will be quickly restored to their normal or first line indicating position without undue noise and with a minimum of shock or jar upon being arrested in such normal position.

To the above and other ends which. will hereinafter appear,-my invention consists in the features of construction, arrangements of parts and combinations of devices set forth in the following description and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters indicate corresponding parts in the different views:-

Fig. 1 is a side view of a copyholder constructed in accordance with my invention, the view showing the copy supporting members in full lines in the fully collapsed position and associated with a typewriting machine and in condition to be housed in a drop cabinet therewith, the dotted lines indicating the fully expanded position of the copy supporting members.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the sub-base arrangement of the present copyholder, the various parts ordinarily mounted thereon being removed.

Fig. 3 is a rear elevational view of the copyholder in a first line indicating position and with the rear cover plates removed.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view of the same taken substantially on line 4-4 of Fig. 3

and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows at said line.

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the same taken substantially on line 55 of Fig. 3 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows at said line, but showing the parts disposed in a fully collapsed position as shown in full lines in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is another fragmentary vertical sectional view taken substantially on line 5-6 of Fig. 3 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows at said line.

Fig. '7 is a detail sectional view on a larger scale illustrating a feature of the present copyholder construction.

Fig. 8 is a detail, fragmentary, vertical sectional View corresponding in part to Fig. 5 but showing the various parts on a larger scale.

Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the present copyholder with various parts of the copy carrying member removed to more clearly illustrate the actuating means therefor.

Fig. 10 is a top plan view with parts in section and on an enlarged scale illustrating in detail a portion of the actuating means shown in I Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail sectional elevational View taken substantially on line Ill| of Fig. 9 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows at'said line.

Fig. 12 is a vertical sectional view of a shaft coupling means taken substantially on line I 2I2 of Fig. 11 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows at saidline.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged detail elevational sectional view taken substantially on line l3-I3 of Fig. 9 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows at said line; said view showing the various parts as they appear when in their normal position.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary View of a portion of the structure illustrated in Fig. 13 but showing the parts as they are disposed when an upward movement of the copy carrier is being effected.

Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 are detail perspective views of a pawl-actuating arm. and a pawl carrying arm respectively of the present copyholder arrangement, these two members being illustrated as separated from their actual position of cooperation.

Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 are detail fragmentary views of features of the construction taken at right angles to each other and showing the operated positions of various parts in restoring the copyholder to its first line indicating position.

The present invention is in the nature of an improvement on the construction disclosed in Patent Nos. 1,985,749 granted Dec. 25, 1934 and 2,867,786 granted Jan. 12, 1937. Features common to all these constructions are claimed in the above patents, the claims herein being directed to features not disclosed in said patents.

The general construction to which the present invention has in the present instance been applied involves a plurality of overlapping members that may be intermittently elevated in steps to an expanded position represented in dotted lines in Fig. 1, and may at will be readily and noiselessly returned to the first line indicating position shown in Fig. 3. These overlapping members may also be fully collapsed to their full line position shown in Fig. 1 for housing the copyholder with a typewriting machine in a drop cabinet, which may be readily effected, as will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shown the present copyholder mounted as a unit on an L-shaped sub-base shown in Fig. 1 and which as shown in Fig. 2 comprises a rear sheet metal plate 20 and a forwardly extending sheet metal plate 2|. The copy carrying portion of the present arrangement is assembled on a rear cast metal base 22, while the manual controlling means is carried at the forward end of the plate 2|. The two plates 28 and iii of the sub-base are rigidly connected by the cast metal base proper 22 of the holder. Thus, the rear portion of the base 22 is connected to the rear plate 20 by screws 23 threaded into tapped holes 24 in the plate 26, and an integral forward extension 25 of the base 22 is connected to the forwardly extending plate 2| by spaced screws 25 threaded into tapped holes 21 in the plate 2|. By these means the forwardly extending arm 25 of the sub-base may be readily detached with the parts carried thereby from the plate 20 to enable the copyholder to be condi tioned for packing and shipment, as will hereinafter more clearly appear.

This sub-base assembly is provided with means to be later described in detail which permits the copyholder to be readily secured to or removed as a unit from the top of a desk or table.

Two parallel upright fixed guide tubes 35 are secured at their lower ends in openings in upstanding bosses 35 of the base 22, the lower ends of these guide tubes 35 engaging interior shoulders in the bosses 36 formed by reduced diameter lower portions of their openings as may be seen in Fig. 8. The guide tubes 35 are retained in the bosses of the base 22 by respective headed plugs 31 extending upwardly through the base 22 and threaded into the interior of the lower ends of the guide tubes 35.

Two tubular members 40 and 4| and a solid rod member 42, all of different diameters are received in a telescoping relation within each of the guide tubes 35. That is, each of the fixed guide tubes 35 receives one tubular member 40, whereas this tubular member 40 receives another tubular member 4|, and the tubular member 4| receives the solid rod member 42. Referring to Fig. 8, it may be seen that the lower ends of the members 43, 4| and 42 are provided with outer sleeves 44, 45 and 46 respectively which are suitably fixed thereto, as by soldering for example and serve both to guide each of the telescoping members within its outer member as well as to limit the connect said rods together.

upward movement of each member relative to its outer member.

The upper ends of the guide tubes 35 are seated in holes in opposite ends of a cross bar 48, the ends of the guide tubes 35 engaging interior shoulders formed by reduced diameter upper portions of these holes, and bushings 49 having annular shoulders bearing on the top surface of the cross bar 48 are threaded into the ends of the respective guide tubes 35 to securely clamp the cross bar 48 in place. This provides a firm and rigid connection between the upper ends of the fixed guide tubes 35 and provides means which aid in effecting a ready assembly of the parts.

The openings in the bushings 49 are of a size to slidably receive the tubular members 40 but not the sleeves 44 whereby the tubular members 40 can be moved upwardly within the guide tubes 35 only to the point where these sleeves 44 engage the lower ends of the respective bushings 49.

In a very similar manner, the upper ends of the tubular members 40 are seated in shouldered openings in another cross bar 50 and shouldered bushings are threaded into the upper ends of tubular members 40 to securely clamp the cross bar 55 in position and firmly connect the members 40 together. Likewise, the openings in the bushings 5| slidably receive the tubular members 4| but are engaged by the sleeves 45 to limit the upward movement of the tubular members 4| relative to the tubular members 40. Cross bars 53 and 54 also connect the upper ends of the two tubular members 4! and the two rods 42 respectively, but these cross bars 53 and 54 are illustrated as constructed from a longitudinally folded strip of sheet metal. The lower folded portion of the cross bar 53 has holes receiving the tubular members 4| while the upper folded portion is engaged by the upper ends of the tubular members 4| and has holes receiving shouldered bushings 55 threaded into the tubular members 4| for securely clamping the cross bar 53 in position and forming a rigid connection between the members 4|. The cross bar 54 is retained on the upper ends of the rods 42 in substantially the same manner by headed screws 55 threaded into tapped openings in the ends of rods 42 to firmly The upward movement of each rod member 42 within the associated tubular member 4! is also limited by the engagement of its sleeve 46 with the lower ends of the companion bushing 55.

Pads 58 of felt, sponge rubber or other suitable shock absorbing'material are cemented or otherwise fastened to the upper surface of each of the two center cross bars and 53, each of which pads in this instance comprises two separated sections. These pads 58 serve to resiliently and substantially noiselessly arrest the downward telescoping movement of the two upper sections of the copyholder, as will later be evident.

As more clearly shown in Fig. 6, a sheet metal supporting member 50 is secured by screws 6| to the upper surface of the top cross bar 54 and extends upwardly and backwardly to form a means for guiding and supporting, the upper end of the paper to be copied. Rearwardly extending bracket arms 62 are attached at opposite ends of the supporting member 69, and these bracket arms are provided with bearing openings pivotally receiving inwardly extending terminal portions of arms 53 of a horizontal bail 64. As may be seen in Figs. 3 and 5, the inwardly extending end portion 63 of each of the arms 63 carries a collar 65 secured thereto by a set screw 66 to prevent axial movement of the terminal portion 3 of the arms 63 in their bearings.

The vertical support against which the paper to be copied is adapted to rest is herein shown as formed of three overlapping sheet metal plates i0, H and 12, the upper plate 10 being carried by and connected at its upper rearwardly bent end to the supporting member iii by screws M with its lower end overlapping the plate ii. The plate H is connected at its upper rearwardly bent end to the cross bar 53 by screws 15 with its lower end overlapping the plate 72 which is connected at its upper rearwardly bent end to the cross bar 56 by screws 16.

The bail 64 carries a series of corrugated rubber rollers 18 adapted to bear against the outer face of the upper end portion of a sheet to be supported by the copyholder and press it against the top metal plate i9 under the force of con tractile springs 78 attached at their upper ends to respective eccentric pins 86 extending from the collars 65 and attached at their lower ends to the supporting member iiii, as shown in Fig. 5. The eccentric pins 8i! are normally so positioned that the force of the springs 79 causes the rollers 18 to engage and hold the upper end of the sheet to be copied. The bail E l may be swung upward- 1y to a released position stopped by the engagement of screws 66 with the supporting member 60 wherein the pins 8e are moved beyond the pivotal center of the arms 63 and the springs it will then act to maintain the bail in this released position.

When the copyholder is to be used to support a stenographic note book or the like, the sheets forward to the one being copied may be bent back over the top of the supporting member Eli and retained under a long contractile spring 82 anchored at its ends to the brackets 62, the feed rollers [8 bearing against the exposed sheet near the binding of the book. In order to protect such bent over sheets from damage by the spring 82, and effectively hold such sheets, a flexible tubular casing 83 of rubber or the like having a corrugated surface is applied around the spring throughout substantially its entire length.

Two depending sheet metal brackets 85 (see Fig. 3) are respectively carried at end portions of the cross bar 56 where it extends beyond the tubular members 6 and the lower ends of these brackets 85 pivotally carry inturned ends of a wire bail 86. The bail 86 extends horizontally in front of the copy supporting plates Ni, ii and 12 as shown in Fig. 5, and is provided with a line indicator 81 shown as formed of a sheet metal strip turned over the bail 86 along its lower edge with rollers 88 pivotally mounted in cutout portions of its upper edge.

As best indicated in Figs. 1 and 3, the lower ends of the brackets 85 are semi-circular shaped which, in combination with semi-circular shaped ends of separate clamping members 89 carried thereby, form frictional bearings for the ends of the bail 36, thereby retaining the bail and line indicator 8? in any adjusted position, the degree of friction of these hearings being regulated by bolts and nuts indicated at 90 and which are employed to mount the clamping members 89 on the brackets 85. It may be mentioned at this point that in some cases it may be desirable to construct the line indicator 8! of a transparent material such as celluloid which may be conspicuously colored so that its upper edge is effective to distinctly indicate the various lines as they are being copied without obstructing the operators view of the written characters on the copy that may be located immediately beneath the line indicator.

The copyholder thus far described comprises a copy supporting means including a plurality of relative movable sections which are shown in full lines in Fig. 1 for example, in a fully collapsed relation and wherein the height of the complete assembly is only slightly greater than the height of any one of the sections and of a typewriting machine with which the copyholder may be employed. These sections however, may be readily elevated relative to each other to a fully expanded position rep-resented by the dotted lines in said figure. These sections are expanded in the present instance by rotation of a horizontal fore and aft shaft driving a rotary drum which is operatively connected by a flexible driving member to the upper copy carrying section ii! of the copyholder.

Although from certain aspects of my invention, various other means may be provided, the present means for transforming the rotary motion of the horizontal shaft into longitudinally upward motion of the copy carrying member iii has been shown as a flexible thrust member designated as a whole by the reference numeral 92 which, as best shown in Fig. '7, is formed by an inner closely coiled spring 93 surrounded by a similar outer closely coiled spring 94. Referring to Figs. 6 and 7 it will be seen that this thrust member 92 is attached to the central portion of the uppermost cross member 54 of the copy carrying member 10 by a headed bushing having exterior threads receiving the outer coil spring 94 with the end of the inner coil spring abutting the lower end of the bushing, the bushing 95 being retained beneath the cross member M by a headed screw 96 threaded therein.

The thrust member 92 extends downwardly through holes in the cross members 53, 5e and A8 and enters an upright channel shaped guide 9? closed on three sides and attached by screws 98 to an upstanding bracket 99 attached by screws Hill to the base 22. The guide 91 is arranged tangentially to and registers at its lower end with an annular channel Nil formed in the rear surface of a drum Hi2 rotatably mounted on a horizontal pivot screw Hi3 carried by the bracket 99, as best shown in Fig. 3. The lower end of the flexible thrust member 92 is coiled around within the channel Hill and terminates in a clamping member Hi l which is fixed within the channel ll]! of the drum H12 by a screw I65.

It will now be clear that the rotated position of the drum m2 determines the length of the thrust member 92 which moves from the channel l9! along the guide ill and accordingly determines the position of the copy carrying section iii and the upwardly expanded or the contracted positions of the sections ill, (I and 12 of the copyholder.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 11 it will be seen that the means provided in accordance with the present invention for manually controlling the rotated position of the drum Hi2 includes a speed multiplying means in the form of a gear i0! formed around the periphery of the drum Hi2 which meshes with a pinion gear I08 fixed to a horizontal shaft Hill by set screws III as shown in Fig. 11. The shaft :09 is rotatably mounted in a bracket H2 having a lower rear portion attached to an upstanding lug H3 of the base 22 by screws lit, as may be seen in Fig. 3, while the upper portion is bent over the pinion gear I08 to support the shaft I09 at each side of the gear I08, as shown in Fig. 11.

The portion of the copyholder thus far described is mounted entirely upon the cast metal base 22 and accordingly may be assembled as a unit apart from the remainder of the actuating assembly which will now be described in detail. This remaining portion of the actuating construction is assembled uponbase H8 which is shown as attached at the forward end of the subbase plate 2I by screws H9 threaded into tapped holes I20 in the plate 2!. The base IIB has an integral vertical bracket portion I22 which is bent over similar to bracket I2 to provide spaced bearings rotatably supporting a shaft I24 substantially in axial alinement with the shaft I09. The forward bearing for the shaft 524 is formed by a shouldered bushing I25 (see Fig. 11) having an intermediate diameter portion pressed with a drive fit into an opening in the forward portion of the bracket I222.

The shaft I24 is detachably connected to the shaft I09 by a flexible or universal coupling as shown in Figs. 11 and 12. This coupling comprises a metal disc 429 concentrically and fixedly mounted upon a reduced diameter forward end of the shaft I09 such as by expanding or riveting the end of the shaft into a countersunk portion as shown. The disc I25 faces a second metal disc I21 mounted in a similar manner on the rear end of the shaft W4. A coupling disc I29 of a suitable semi-resilient, shock absorbing ma-- terial such as leather separates the two discs I26 and I21, which coupling disc I29 is provided with.

two diametrically opposite holes receiving correspondingly spaced pins 30, carried by the disc I26, while two other diametrically opposite holes at right-angle alinement therewith receive similar pins I3I carried by the other disc I21 as may be seen in Fig. 12.

The shafts Hi9 and I24 are thus operatively coupled in a manner which due to the resiliency or pliability of the leather disc I29 prevents any slight differences between the axial or angular alinement of the bearings in the bracket II2 andv the hearings in the bracket l22 from binding or materially increasing the resistance to rotation of the shafts I09 and I24. This leather coupling disc I29 also tends to absorb or prevent the transmission of certain shocks, vibrations and noises: between the shafts I24 and I09.

A controlling member wheel, or drum designated as a whole by the reference numeral I34 (see Fig. 11) is attached by set screws I35 to the' shaft I24 between the bearings in the bracket I22, said screws being threaded through a reduced. diameter or rear hub portion of said wheel I34. Said wheel I34 has a peripheral annular groovel36 therein adjacent an annular peripherally serrated or toothed portion I31. The fine teeth of the portion I3! coact with a manually operated. ratchet mechanism to impart intermittent rotary motion to the shaft lit in a forward direction or a direction to elevate the copy supporting members '10, ll and 72 through the direct coaction of the flexible member 92 with the copyholding member 10, while the groove portion I36 coacts with a. manually releasable frictional holding or braking mechanism to normally prevent rotation of the shaft I24 in a reverse direction or a direction. to lower the copy supporting members.

The ratchet mechanism shown in detail in Figs. 10, 13, 14, and 16 comprises a pawl I40 having" an upper end portion provided with serrations or teeth which at times coact with the annular ser-- rated or toothed portion I3! of the drum I34. The pawl I40 is pivotally mounted at its central portion by a screw I4I on a pawl carrying arm I42 which is concentrically mounted on a reduced diameter front end portion of the drum or wheel I34. A metal frictional disc or washer I44 (see Fig. 11) separates the rear vertical surface of the pawl carrying arm I42 from the front vertical surface of the drum I34, which washer I44 is biased forwardly against the arm I42 by three equally spaced expansion springs I45 seated in horizontal openings in the drum I34. The pawl carrying arm M2 is retained in place against the force of the springs I45 by a metal ring I46 carried by a further reduced portion at the front end of the drum I 34 and suitably fixed or retained thereon as by expanding the protruding front end of the drum I 34. The frictional disc I44 thus offers a certain amount of resistance to rotation of the pawl carrying arm I42 relative to the drum I34, for reasons which will hereinafter appear and which resistance is predetermined according to the force of the expansion springs I45.

The lower end of the pawl M0 is provided with a bifurcation I48 straddling the shank of a T- shaped rearwardly turned lower end I49 of a pawl actuating arm I50 shown in detail in Fig. 15 and which is fixed to an inset hub I5! rotatably mounted concentrically with the shaft 424 on a reduced diameter rear end portion of the bearing bushing I25. The pivotal motion of the pawl I40 on the pawl carrying arm I42 about its pivot screw MI is limited in either direction by a stop pin I53 extending rearwardly from the pawl carrying arm I42 and engageable with either wall of a bifurcation I54 in the upper end of the pawl I40. The pawl actuating arm I50 is resiliently arrested in its movement to normal position by engagement with an expansion spring I52 retained on the threaded end of a screw I53 extending inwardly from an extension I6I of the bracket I 22.

The releasable holding mechanism coacting with the walls of the annular groove I36 of the drum I34 to prevent movement of the shaft H24- in a reverse direction is shown in detail in Figs. I9, II, l3 and I1, and comprises a holding dog I55 having a wedge-shaped metal end I56 attached thereto which normally wedges itself into the groove I36 and effects a tenacious frictional engagement with the walls thereof. The lower end of the dog I55 has attached thereto an elongated hub I5'I as may be seen in Fig. 10, which hub I51 extends rearwardly from and is pivotally attached to an ear I58 of the bracket I22 by an elongated pivot screw I59. Referring to Fig. 13, a contractile spring I60 extends from the dog I 55 beneath the groove I36 of the drum $34 to an end of the extension arm I6I of the bracket $22, which arm is bent around the actuating arm Hit, the pawl carrying arm I42 and the pawl I40. This spring I60 biases the dog i55 into the groove I36, and the dog I55 is of such a length that the point of engagement of the wedge-shaped end I56 with the walls of the groove I36 is slightly above a line extending from the center of shaft I24 to the center of its pivot I59.

It will be clear that a reverse or counter-clockwise direction of rotation of the drum I34 as viewed in Fig. 13 will be prevented by the frictional engagement of the wedge member I 56 with the walls of the groove I36 caused by the spring I60 and the self-produced locking action caused by the tendency of the drum I34 to rotate in this counter-clockwise direction. However, it will also be clear that any forward or clockwise rtation of the drum I36 will tend to lift the wedge member I56 upwardly about the pivot I59 out of its wedging engagement with the Walls of the groove I36 thus permitting such clockwise rotation with substantially no resistance by the holding dog mechanism.

The means for controlling the ratchet mechanism, which also serves to release the above described holding mechanism, is operative by a lever I64 (see Figs. 1, 9 and 10) having a finger piece or handle I65 attached at its forward end and a hub I66 attached at its rear end. The rear end of the lever I M and the hub ifiii are removably retained by a head-ed screw it?" on flattened or squared end of shaft rotatably mounted in bearing holes of spaced upstanding arms of a bracket E69 attached to the base It by rivets I10. A controlling arm I12 is removably attached by a headed screw IZE to a flattened or squared portion at the other end of the shaft I68, and a pawl operating arm Il l is rotatably mounted on the shaft I68 between the controlling arm and the side of one of the arms of the bracket i539. A contractile spring H5, connecting a downward extension 515 of the arm lit with a forward extension. Ill of the arm H2, normally biases the pawl operating arm Il l against a pin I18 extending from the controlling arm as may be seen in Fig. 11. The rear end of the pawl operating H is connected by a link I86 to an. extending ear is! on the pawlactuating arm I58 as shown. in Fig. i

The rear end or" the controlling arm H2 overlies and is engageable with the forward end of a releasing arm H83 which is pivotally attached by a headed screw 5% to an angle bracket ill-5 retained on the ear I58 of the bracket 522 by the threaded end of the pivot screw MS as may be seen in Figs. and 18. The rear end of the releasing arm I83 underlies and is engageable with a horizontal extension 855 on the holding dog I55, as best shown in Figs. 11 and 13.

The pawl operating arm 514 is biased a normal position by a contractile spring Hi9 where said arm is arrested by a stop pin E89 engaging the rear edge of a bracket arm as shown in Fig. 1-1. Said spring IQIl is connected at one end to the stop pin I 89, the other end of the spring being anchored to a pin Illl attached to the bracket I69. The controlling arm H2 due to its interconnection with the arm EM, through pin I78 and spring H5, also assumes a definitely normal position, but as will later be described this arm 12 may be operated in either direction from such normal position by the operating arm I64.

The present copyholder is illustrated in full lines in Fig. l in its fully collapsed position of non-use, which as may be seen is only slightly higher than a standard typewriting machine 493 and accordingly it will be clear that the complete copyholder in such a collapsed position may 7 be conveniently housed together with the ma chine I93 in the usual drop cabinet arrangement. However, before using the copyholder for copying purposes, and assuming it to be in the fully collapsed position shown in Fig. 5, the copy supporting members it, I! and "i2 should be raised to their first line indicating position which is shown in Fig. 3.

Although said copy supporting members may if desired be moved from their fully collapsed position shown in full lines in Fig. 1 to their fully expanded position shown in dotted lines in said figure by intermittent operation of the-handle I64, and then broughtto first writing line position indicated in Fig. 3, it is considerably faster and easier to merely pull upwardly on the extending ends of the cross bar 552 and thus move the complete copy carrying assembly upwardly within the guide tubes 35 to their position shown in Fig. 3.

The means for releasably holding the copy.

carrying assembly in this first line indicating position comprises a sheet metal holding plate i9 3 overlapping the rear of the upstanding tubular members ii? and pivotally attached at its upper end to the cross bar 5!) by headed screws I55 extending through loosely fitting holes in the holding plate and threaded into the rear edge of the cross bar fail. The holding plate I94 may receive a slight pivotal movement about the screws I95, and the lower end thereof is biased toward the tubular members 5-53 by a looped wire spring I 85 (see Fig. 5) carried by a rearward and upward extension 391 of the lower copy supporting plate I2, which spring i955 bears rearwardly on an upwardly extending handle portion I98 of the holding plate Hi l. The holding plate I94 is of sufficient height to engage at its lower edge the upper ends of the bushings 33 when the section or member 50 is elevated a given distance, as shown in Fig. 6, thus preventing the copy carrying and supporting assembly from dropping below its first line indicating position. However, when it is desired to again fully collapse the copyholder, the plate E94 may be conveniently released from its holding position by pressing forwardly on the handle portion L98 to operate its lower end rearwardly to clear the bushings MB.

In using the present copyholder when positioned as shown in Fig. 3, the material to be copied is placed beneath the rollers I8 of the bail 64 so that the first line to be copied is visible just above the upper" edge of the line indicator 81 in the usual manner and if desired the line indicator may be adjusted in the usual manner to properly register with the first line to be copied, etc. In order to advance the copy to the next line. the finger piece I65 of the lever IE4 is depressed which turns the shaft I68 and controlling arm I12 fixedly connected thereto forwardly or in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 11, which also, due'to the pin I18 turns the pawl operating arm I'l in the same direction against the force of the spring I il. This movement of the arm I'M, through link I88, turns the pawl-actuating arm I 5!) in a clockwise direction from its position illustrated in Fig. 13 to its position illustrated in Fig. 14.

It may be mentioned at this point that one function of the frictional disc Hi l coacting with the drum I36 and with the pawl carrying arm I42 is to provide a frictional resistance to movement of the pawlcarrying arm I 32 which is greater than the resistance to pivotal movement of the pawl MB on this arm I 22. By these means the initial movement of the actuating arm Edd does not move the arm M2 but causes a pivotalmovement of the pawl Mil thereon due to its operative connection with the actuating arm IE8 at Mil and I69. This pivotal movement of the pawl I453 on the arm I42 moves its upper end from the normal position free from the teeth on drum I3l as shown in Fig. 13 to a position shown in Fig. 14, wherein the serrations orteeth at the upper end of the pawl engage and securely interlock with the serrations or teeth on the annular portion I31 of the drum I34. The actuating arm I is then securely coupled to the drum I34 so that a further continued turning of the arm I5S effects a corresponding turning of the drum I34, the pawl I40 and the pawl carrying arm I42 without further relative movement therebetween. i

In this manner, the shafts I24 and I09 and pinion gear I08 are rotated in a clockwise direction as viewed from the rear, as in Fig. 3, thus rotating the drum I02 in a counterclockwise direction to push upwardly on the cross bar 54 through the flexible thrust member 92 and move the copy carrying member 10 of the copy supporting assembly upwardly one line space distance to aline the next line of the copy with the upper edge of the line indicator 81.

The distance the copy carrying member 10 is thus moved upwardly is determined by the extent of movement of the lever I64, and as the lines of the various sheets to be copied may be differently spaced, an adjustable stop for deterinining the extent of rotation of the pawl-actuating arm I50 is provided in the form of a screw 200 (see Figs. 13 and 14) threaded into an inset member 20I carried by the bracket I22. This stop screw is provided with a knob 202 at its upper end and a leather pad 203 set in a cap at its lower end, which pad 203 is positioned by turning the knob 202 to be engaged by the upper edge of the extension I SI of the ratchet operating arm I50 after this arm I50 has rotated a distance to effect the desired line space movement of the copy sheet as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 14. A contractile spring 205 extends from the screw 200 to a pin 206 extending downwardly from the bracket I22, which spring serves to provide sufiicient resistance to turning of the screw 200 to retain the adjusted position thereof against vibrations and the like.

The copy carrying member 10 may in this manner be intermittently operated upwardly to bring the written lines on the sheet being copied successively into register with the line indicator. If the length of the sheet being copied requires it, the upward movement of the upper section 10 continues until the sleeves 46 (see Fig. 8) engage the bushings 55, and then the first section together with the second section are both elevated until the sleeves 45 are about to engage the bushings 5I. At this point, providing the tubular members 40 are withdrawn from the guide tubes 35 as shown in Figs. 3 and 6, further rotation of the drum I02 is prevented by the engagement of a stop screw 208 on the drum I02 with an inwardly extending end of a stop brack et 209 adjustably clamped to the bracket 99 by screws 2I0, as may be seen in Fig. 3. It will be understood that the full expansion of the sections 10, H and 12 is such as to meet all of the usual requirements and that a lesser degree of expansion is usually sufiicient for the usual lengths of sheets to be copied.

Suitable guard strips 2I2, 2I3 and 2I4 (see Fig. 6) depend in an overlapping manner from the cross bars 54, 53 and 50 respectively, which guard strips or fingers are positioned directly at the rear of the flexible thrust member 92 and serve to prevent accidentally bending or any interference with the thrust member 92 such as might prevent proper operation or cause a collapse of the copy carrying assembly when expanded.

In the above described intermittent elevation of the copy supporting assembly, it will be clear that the holding dog I acts to allow the forward direction of rotation of the drum I34 imparted thereto by the depression of the lever I64, but as soon as the pressure on the lever I64 was removed at the end of each depression, the dog I55 re-enters the groove I36 to prevent any reverse movement of the drum I34, thus accurately and positively retaining the copy carrying assembly in each elevated position to which it may be shifted.

When the last line of the sheet has been copied, the copy carrying assembly may be readily lowered toits first line indicating position shown in Fig. 3 by lifting the lever I64 upwardly from its normal position. Theeffect of this upward motion of the lever I64 is clearly shown in Figs. 17 and 18 wherein it may be seen that the controlling arm I12 is operated in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 18 without moving the pawl operating arm I14 which is prevented from moving in this direction by the engagement of pin I89 with the cooperative bracket arm I69, the arm I12 in this case operating against the force of spring I15 and independently of the arm I14. The downward motion of the rear end of the arm I12 rocks the releasing arm I83 about its pivot I84 which lifts the holding dog I 55 out of thegroove I36, as shown in Fig. 17, thereby allowing the drum I34 to rotate in a reverse direction to lower the copy supporting assembly.

The copy supporting assembly when released as above described returns to its lower or collapsed position by gravity, and due to its con siderable weight, it is desirable to prevent undue momentum from obtaining during such movement to avoid the noise and shock produced in arresting its motion. The disc I44 coacting frictionally between the drum I34 with the pawl carrying arm I42 in addition to its function hereinbefore explained has another function, that of retarding or preventing excessive speed of the drum I34 during the return movement of the copy carrying assembly, thus permitting this copy carrying assembly to be returned to its first line indicating position or to its fully collapsed position quietly and with very little shock upon being arrested. The telescoping arrangement of the tubular members 40, M, 42 and 35 also provides a dash pot action which in a very obvious manner further tends to cushion the collapsing or the returning movement of the copy supporting assembly to its first line indicating position and to its fully collapsed position.

I have shown the lower part of the present construction as enclosed by a front cover plate 2I5 and a. rear cover plate 2I1 (see Figs. 5 and 6) which jointly enclose the portion of the copyholder beneath the cross bar 48. These two cover plates EIS and 2H have inwardly turned interfitting edges provided with suitable quickly detachable holding means. As will be understood from a consideration of Fig. 3, a three sided cover 2I8 is provided to enclose the pinion gear I08 and the portion of the drum I02 whichextends beyond the guide tube 35, which cover is retained in place by screws 2l9 threaded into the end of the base 22.

A convenient means for detachably anchoring the completely assembled copyholder to the top of a desk or table is shown in Fig. 9, wherein the sub-base plate 20 is provided with a. slot 225 in its left-hand end to receive the shank of a screw in the desk top and a key-hole slot 226 in its right-hand end having an inner portion passing the head of another screw and an outer contracted portion slidable under the head. 'The inner edge of the forwardly extending sub-base plate 2! is also provided with a slot 221 for re ceiving the shank of a third screw, and a slidable locking member 228 is mounted on the plate 2! by screws 229 for longitudinal movement into a position wherein its front end passes outside of the screw shank. In installing the copyholder, the locking member 228 is moved to an ineffective position as shown, and the left-hand end of the plate 2i? is moved to a position wherein the screw is partly within the slot 225 and the larger inner portion of the key-hole slot 225 can be placed over the head of its companion screw. The complete copyholder is now moved to the left, positioning the left-hand screw and the front screw at the end of their respective slots 225 and 22? and positioning the shank of the right rear screw within the narrow outer portion of the key-hole slot 221. The locking member 2'23 may now be moved forwardly around the shank of its screw thus preventing a right-hand movement and securely anchoring the copyholder to the desk top. It will be clear that the copyholder may at any time be conveniently removed by merely reversing the order of the above operations of installing.

From the foregoing description, it may be seen that I have provided a highly effective copyholder that is comparatively simple in construction, that is highly efficient, reliable and substantially noiseless in its operation and which be fully collapsed when not in use for convenient storage in a drop cabinet with a typewriting machine. One of the more important features of my copyholder is the improved means for intermittently operating the relative- 1y movable copy carrier and line indicator which comprises a drum having a serrated or other suitable gripping surface with which a pawl coacts which is pivotally carried on an arm frictionally connected to the drum. The pawl is then actusited in such a manner that the initial movement thereof to positively lock itself with the drum due to the frictional resistance to movement oi the pawl carrying arm relative to the drum. Such an arrangement insures an accurate and uniform rotation of the drum each time the manual lever is operated which results in a dependable and uniform relative movement between the copy carrier and the line indicator.

Another feature of the present copyholder which contributes to its improved operation. is the speed changing means whereby the ratchet and holding drum is operated at a considerably greater speed than the drum for effecting relative movement between the line indicator and the copy carrier. Such an arrangement permits a more accurate adjustment of the distance which the copy carrier and line indicator are relatively moved at each actuation as well as more uniform and dependable operation. It will also be noted that the frictional coupling between the actuating drum and the pawl carrying arm herein has a dual function, namely to insure positive engagement of the pawl with the drum during intermittent line spacing movements and also to prevent undue speed of the drum in restoring the copy carrier and line indicator to their relative normal positions.

Various other features of the present copyholder contribute to increased facility in manufacture, assembly and transportation, such for example as the construction of the complete device in substantially two units, that is, the copy carrying assembly including all parts to the rear of the coupling disc I29 and the controlling assembly including all parts forward of such disc. These units may be manufactured, assembled or replaced separately and may be mounted in coasting relation in a very simple manner due to the readily detachable universal coupling including the disc I29.

Although I have shown my invention in the nature of an improvement on 'a specific type of copyholder wherein. the copy carrying member is movable relative to a stationary line indicator, it is to be understood that from certain aspects of my invention it is not restricted to such construction but may be incorporated in other types of copyholders, such for example, as the type wherein the copy carrying member is stationary and the line indicator is movable relative thereto. So, therefore, when I refer herein to an intermittently movable line spacing member of the copyholder such term from certain aspects of my invention is intended to apply either to a copyholding member or to a line indicating member.

Various changes may be made in the specific construction shown, and certain of the features thereof may be employed Without others, without departing from my invention as it is defined in the accompanying claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a copyholder having a movable member and a drum operatively connected thereto, the combination of a shaft operatively connected to said drum, manual means for intermittently operating said shaft in one direction, manually releasable means normally preventing operation of said shaft in the other direction, and means for retarding operation of said shaft when said releasable means are actuated.

2. In a copyholder having a vertically movable member and a rotatable drum operatively connected thereto, the combination of a rotatable shaft operatively connected to turn said drum at a reduced speed, manual means for intermittent- 1y rotating said shaft in one direction, manually releasable means normally preventing rotation of said shaft in the other direction, and means for retarding rotation of said shaft when said releasable means are actuated.

3. In a copyholder having a copy carrying member and a line indicating member relatively movable, and a rotatable drum for effecting such relative movement, the combination of a forwardly extending shaft. peed reducing means for intermittently turning drum from said shaft, a finger piece, means controlled thereby for effecting a forward turning of said shaft, holding means releasable by said finger piece for normally preventing reverse rotation of said shaft, and braking means for retarding reverse rotation of said shaft when said holding means are released.

l. In a copyholder having a copy carrying member and a line indicating member relatively movable, a rotatable drum and operative connections therefrom for efiecting such relative movement, the combination of a forwardly extending shaft, speed multiplying means operatively connecting said shaft with said drum, manual means for intermittently rotating said shaft in a forward direction, manually releasable means normally preventing rotation of said shaft in the other or reverse direction, frictional means for retarding the reverse rotation of said shaft, and a shock absorbing flexible joint in said shaft intermediate said speed multiplying means and said manual means.

5. In a copyholder having a collapsible copy carrying member and rotatable elevating means therefor, the combination of a forwardly extending shaft, speed reducing means for driving said rotatable elevating means from said shaft, an operating lever, a serrated operating wheel on said shaft, a feed pawl mounted for movement into engagement with the serrations of said operating wheel and for movement around saidshaft by actuation of said operating lever in one direction from its normal position, a grooved wheel on said shaft, a dog member coacting with said grooved wheel to prevent reverse rotation only of said shaft, and releasing means operated by actuation of said operating lever in another direction from its normal position for moving said dog member to an ineffective position relative to said grooved wheel.

6. In a copyholder having a movable copy carrying member and rotative elevating means therefor, the combination of a forwardly extending shaft, means for operatively connecting said shaft with said rotative elevating means, a ratchet wheel on said shaft, a carrier mounted for concentric rocking motion relative to said ratchet wheel, a feed pawl pivotally mounted on said carrier, and actuating means operatively connected to said feed pawl for first pivotally moving said feed pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel and for then effecting a movement of said feed pawl and carrier around the axis of said shaft for turning said ratchet wheel and shaft.

7. In a copyholder having a movable copy carrying member and rotative elevating means therefor, the combination of a forwardly extending shaft, means operatively connecting said shaft with said rotative elevating means, a ratchet wheel on said shaft, a carrier mounted for concentric rotation relative to said ratchet wheel, a feed pawl pivotally mounted on said carrier, actuating means operatively connected directly to said feed pawl for first moving it relatively to its carrier into engagement with said ratchet wheel and for then moving said feed pawl and carrier around the axis of said shaft for turning the ratchet wheel and shaft, a holding wheel on said shaft, and a detent member frictionally coacting with said holding wheel to normally prevent rotation thereof in a reverse direction only.

8. In a copyholder having a movable copy carrying member, a rotatable actuating member operatively connected thereto, the combination of a forwardly extending shaft, means connecting said shaft with said rotatable actuating member, a ratchet wheel on said shaft, a carrier mounted for concentric rocking motion relative to said ratchet wheel, a feed pawl pivotally mounted on said carrier, actuating means connected directly to said feed pawl for first moving said feed pawl pivotally into engagement with said ratchet wheel and for then moving said feed pawl around the axis of said shaft'to move the feed pawl, its carrier, ratchet wheel and shaft together, and frictional means interconnecting said ratchet wheel and said carrier for retarding rotation of said ratchet wheel relative to said carrier and thereby retard the return movement of said copy carrying member.

9. In a copyholder having relatively movable copy carrying and line indicating members, and a rotatable drum operatively connected to the movable member, the combination of a forwardly extending shaft, means for rotating said drum by said shaft, a controlling wheel having an annu lar serrated portion and an annular grooved por tion carried by said shaft, a pawl carrier rockably mounted on said shaft, a feed pawl pivotally mounted on said pawl carrier, an actuating arm rockably mounted on said shaft and operatively connected to said feed pawl, a manually actuated lever, means connecting said actuating arm with said lever whereby said feed pawl is first engaged with the serrated portion of said controlling wheel and said feed pawl is then moved around the axis of said shaft by operation of said lever in one direction from its normal position, micrometer adjusting means for limiting the rocking of said actuating arm around said shaft, a holding dog frictionally coacting with the grooved portion of said controlling wheel for normally preventing reverse rotation of said controlling wheel, and means operatively connecting said actuating arm with said holding dog whereby said holding dog is moved to an ineffective position by operation of said lever in the other direction.

10. In a copyholder having a vertically movable copy carrying member, and a rotatable drum operatively connected therewith, the combination of a forwardly extending shaft, means for rotat-,

ing said drum by said shaft, a controlling wheel having an annular serrated and an annular grooved portion carried by said shaft, a pawl carrier arm rockably mounted on said shaft, a feed pawl pivotally mounted on said pawl carrier arm, an actuating arm rockably mounted on said shaft and connected to said feed pawl, a manually actuated lever, means connecting said actuating arm with said lever whereby said feed pawl is engaged with the serrated portion of said controlling wheel and said feed pawl is moved around the axis of said shaft by operation of said lever in one direction from its normal position, adjusting means for limiting the rocking motion of said actuating arm on said shaft, frictional braking means interposed between said controlling Wheel and said pawl carrier arm, a holding dog frictionally coacting with the grooved portion of said controlling wheel for preventing reverse rotation thereof, and means for operatively connecting said actuating arm with said holding dog whereby said holding dog is moved to an ineffective position by operation of said lever in the other direction.

11. In a copyholder, the combination of a copy carrying member, and means for controlling the movements thereof comprising a drum, a flexible member controlling the movement of said copy carrying member in accordance with the rotated position of said drum, a forwardly extending operating shaft, means operatively connecting said operating shaft with said drum, actuating means including a finger piece operative in one direction from its normal position for intermittently turning said operating shaft in a direction to elevate said copy carrying member, holding means for normally preventing turning of said operating shaft in a direction to lower said copy carrying member, means controlled by operation of said finger piece in the opposite direction from its normal position for releasing said holding means, and means coacting with said operating shaft for retarding the speed of movement of said copy carrying member toward its lower position.

12. In a copyholder, the combination of a copy carrying member, and means for controlling the movements thereof comprising a drum, a flexible member controlling the; movement of said copy carrying member in accordance with the rotated position of said drum, aforwardly extending operating shaft, means operatively; connecting said operating shaft with said drum, actuating means including a finger piece operativein one vdirection from its normalposition; for intermittently turning said operating shaftin a direction to elevate said copy carrying member, holding means for normally preventing turningof said operating shaft in a -direction to lower said copy carrying member, meanscontrolled by operation of said finger piece in the oppositedirection from its normal position for releasing said holding means, and frictional means. for retarding the speed of rotation of said operating shaft.

13. In a copyholdenthe combination of a copy carrying member, and means for controlling the movements thereof oomprisinga drum, a flexible member controlling the movement of said copy carrying member accordance with the rotated position of said drum, a forwardly extending operating shaft, means operatively connecting said operating shaft with said drum, actuating means including a finger piece operative in one direction from its normal position for intermittently turning said operating shaft in a direction to elevate said copy carrying member, holding means for preventing turning of said operating shaft in a direction to lower said copy carrying member, means controlled by operation of said finger piece in the opposite direction from its normal position for releasing said holding means, and frictional means coacting with said operating shaft and said actuating means for retarding movement of said operating shaft relative to said actuating means.

14. In a copyholder, the combination of relatively movable line indicating and copyholding members, and means for controlling the movement of the movable member comprising a manually operated intermittently actuated two-part shaft, and means for operatively and readily connecting the two parts of said shaft including a flexible interponent between the adjacent ends thereof and through which the two parts of the shaft are connected to turn together.

15. In a copyholder, the combination of relatively movable line indicating and copyholding members, and means for controlling the movement of the movable member comprising a manually operated intermittently actuated two-part shaft, and means for operatively and readily connecting the two parts of said shaft including a flexible interponent between the adjacent ends thereof and through which the two parts of the shaft are connected to turn together, a metal disc fixedly connected to each part of the shaft and having pins that extend from a face thereof into holes in said flexible interponent.

16. In a copyholder, the combination of relatively movable line indicating and copyholding members, and means for controlling the movement of the movable member comprising a manually operated intermittently actuated two-part shaft that extends forward from the copyholding member, means for affording a ready connection and disconnection between said shaft sections, a two-part base for the copyholder, one member of said base being detachably connected to the other, an actuating lever and means controlled thereby and associated with the forward section of said shaft for intermittently rotating it for line spacing and for affording a reverse rotation of the shaft when desired, said lever, controlling means and forward shaft section being mounted as a single unit .on and detachable with one of said .basemembers, and means mounted on the other base member and associated with the rear shaft section for transmitting movement from the'forwa'rd shaft section to one of the relatively movable line indicating and copyholding members. I

1'7. In a copyholder, the combination of a movable copyholding member, controlling means for controlling the movement thereof comprising a dri1m,a flexible connection between said copyholding member and drum, a two-part shaft the sections of which are detachably united, a geared connection between said drum and the rear section of said shaft, a two-part base one of the members of which is detachably connected to the other and on one of which base members said movable copyholding member, drum and rear section 'ofsaid shaft are mounted, and additional controllingrneans associated with the forward section of said shaft and comprising a manually actuated lever, a ratchet wheel on the forward section of said two-part shaft, a pawl actuated by said lever and cooperating with said ratchet wheel, adjustable means for limiting the stroke of said lever, a locking wheel on said forward shaft section, a locking pawl coacting therewith, and means controlled by said lever for releasing said locking pawl, said additional controlling means and forward shaft section being mounted as a single unit on the other member of said two-part base.

13. In a copyholder, the combination of relatively movable line indicating and copyholding members, and means for controlling the movement of the movable member comprising a shaft, a manually actuated lever, a ratchet wheel on said shaft, a line spacing pawl coacting with said ratchet wheel, a locking wheel on said shaft, a locking pawl coacting with said locking wheel, and means controlled by a movement of said lever in one direction from its normal position for actuating said line spacing pawl and controlled by a movement of said lever in the opposite direction from its normal position for releasing said locking pawl.

19. In a copyholder, the combination of relatively movable line indicating and copyholding members, and means for controlling the movement of the movable member comprising a shaft, a manually actuated lover, a ratchet wheel on said shaft, a line spacing pawl coacting with said ratchet wheel, a locking wheel on said shaft, a locking pawl coacting with said locking wheel, and means controlled by a movement of said lever in one direction from its normal position for actuating said line spacing pawl and controlled by a movement of said lever in the opposite direction from its normal position for releasing said locking pawl, said last mentioned means comprising two actuating members spring pressed to move together when line spacing and movable one independently of the other when releasing the locking pawl.

20. In a copyholder, the combination of relatively movable line indicating and copyholding members, and means for controlling the movement of the movable member comprising a twopart shaft, the sections of which are detachably united, a manually actuated lever, a ratchet wheel on the forward section of said shaft, a line spacing pawl coacting with said ratchet wheel, a locking wheel on the forward section of said shaft and adjacent said ratchet wheel, a locking pawl coacting with said locking wheel to prevent a reverse rotation thereof, and means controlled by a movement of said lever in one direction from its normal position for actuating said line spacing pawl and. controlled by a movement of said lever in the opposite direction from its normal position for releasing said locking pawl.

21. In a copyholder, the combination of relatively movable line indicating and copyholding members, a manually actuated lever, and means controlled by a movement of said lever in one direction from its normal position for'intermittently effecting a line spacing movement of the movable member and controlled by a movement of said lever in the opposite direction from its normal position for affording a reverse movement of the movable member, said means comprising two actuating members positively connected tomove together in one direction from normal position and resiliently connected together to afford movement of one of said actuating members in dependently of the other in the opposite direc tion from normal position.

22. In a'copyhoider, the combination of relatively movable line indicating and copyholding,

members, a manually actuated lever, and means controlled by a movement of said lever in one direction from its normal position for intermitconnecting said first and second armsto afford operation of said'first arm only'in a reverse direction.

ELBERT S. DODGE.

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