US2070520A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 9, 1937. M H. ALLEN 2,070,520

INCINERATOR Filed March 2l, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 9, 1937. l* M. H. ALLEN v 2,070,520

INCINERATOR Filed March 2l, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 9, 1937. M, Hf ALLEN 2,070,520

INCINERATOR Filed March 21, 1935. 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Feb. 9, 1937 EDATEN'' @FFME INCINERATOR Mark H. Allen, Greenville, S. C., assignor to The Allen Company, Greenville, S. C., a corporation of South Carolina Application March 21,

18 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in incinerators.

An important object of the invention is to provide an incinerator for the odorless destruction of refuse, such as garbage, industrial waste, mu-

nicipal waste, hospital waste, and high moisture content refuse such as sewer sludge and nondigestable sewer accumulations.

A further object of the inventio-n is to provide an incinerator or furnace of the above mentioned character so constructed that the maximum heat reflection is obtained upon the burning and unburned refuse whereby a high efficiency in operation is obtainable. v

A further object of the invention is to provide an incinerator of the above mentioned character having means to effect a turbulence of the gases for securing complete combustion and deodorization prior to being discharged to the atmosphere.

Other objects and .advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an incinerator or furnace embodying my invention,

Figure 2 is a central vertical longitudinal section through the same,

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2,

Figure 4 is a similar view taken on line 4-4 of Figure 2,

Figure 5 is .a horizontal cross-section taken on line 5-5 of Figure 2,

Figure 6 is a similar view taken on line 6--5 of Figure 2, and,

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic plan View, showing the dome construction.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown a preferred embodiment of my invention, the numeral I El designates the main casing of the incinerator or furnace which may be formed of any suitable material, such as plastic refractory material which will harden upon being heated, or re brick or blocks. This main casing is preferably enclosed within an outer casing Il, which may be formed of common brick, and which may be suitably stiifened and held in place by buck stays I2 or the like.

The casing or shell l embodies a main combustion chamber I3 which is preferably rectangular inhorizontal section and somewhat elongated 1935, Serial No. 12,282

and isprovided at its rear end with a stoke passage I4, adapted to be closed by a door I5, and at its forward end with a stoke or clinker passage I6, adapted to be covered and uncover-ed by a vertically movable door ll, operating in guides I8. This door is raised by a cable IS, wound upon a spool 20, turned by a hand-wheel 2l, and is returned to the closed position by gravity. At the bottom of the main combustion chamber I3 is a generally horizontal main drying deck 22, 10 preferably inclined slightly toward the forward end of the chamber, and disposed forwardly of the drying deck 22 are horizontal burning decks 23, disposed in stepped relation. The burning decks 23 are supported by vertically arranged 15 grates 24. The decks 22 `and 23 and the vertically arranged grates 24 extend throughout the entire width of the main combustion chamber I3 and the vertical grates 2d are preferably anchored within the side walls of this combustion chamber. The vertical grates 24 have openings 25 for the passage of air. The burning decks 23 may be formed of blocks, if desired, while the vertical grates may be formed of metal or any other suitable material. The lowermost vertical grate 24 is arranged above and adjacent to a vertical bridge wall 2B, and an ash pit 2l is disposed forwardly of the bridge wall and access is had to the ends of this ash pit through openings covered by doors 28 or the like. Arranged above this ash pit is a horizontal grate 29, which is stationary or movable, and this grate is disposed in stepped relation to the lowermost burning platform 23 and is disposed in advance of the same. The drying deck 22 is imperforate and extends to the end wall of the furnace in the direction of travel of the heated 30 gases or products of combustion and is attached to such end wall and preferably formed integral therewith. The burning decks 23 are formed of blocks and are therefore imperforate or substantially so. The burning decks are arranged at different elevations and the grates 24 provide air passages between these decks. By having the drying deck extending to the end wall, the stoke passage i4 may be formed in such end wall and is therefore at the end of the drying deck remote from the burning decks.

The top 3B of the main combustion chamber includes a generally dome-shaped inner surface or wall Sil, constituting a heat reiiecting surface, disposed to reiiect heat over the entire surfaces of the drying deck 22, the burning decks 23 and the grate 29. This inner reflecting surface 30 is preferably formed in segments 3|, which are longitudinally curved, but transversely straight, but

the assembled segments produce a generally spherically curved or dome-shaped reiiecting surface. At their bottoms, the segments 3| merge into surfaces 32 which are vertical with respect to the platforms 22 and 23. The generally spherically curved surface 38 and wall 35i also serve to radiate heat over the drying deck 22, burning deck 23 and grate 29, as is obvious. The top 3S of the main combustion chamber is provided with a charging opening 33, through which the refuse is introduced in such a manner as to prevent the escape of the gases from the combustion chamber, a slide door or the like (not shown) being employed to cover the opening. The charging opening 33 is arranged directly over the drying deck 22 so that the refuse will initially pass thereon, such refuse being moved forwardly through the combustion chamber over the several burning decks until the remaining unburned portion passes to the grate 29, where combustion is completed, the ashes passing into the ash pit 21.

As sho-wn in Figure 7, the surface or wall 3B is spherical or in the shape of a dome, and it rises from the chamber I3, which is an elongated rectangular figure. The center of the surface 30 is in the central longitudinal axis of the chamber I3, but this center is never the rear end of the chamber I3. The center of the domeshaped surface could also be equi-distantly spaced' from the ends of the chamber I3. The domeshaped surface may rise from a chamber in the form of a square with its center coinciding with the center of the square.

Means are provided for preheating air and supplying air into the combustion chamber, and causing such preheated air to pass over and between the burning decks, and also through the horizontal grate 29, when desired. This means comprises down draft air ducts 34, having draft controlling doors 35. These air ducts 34 extend across or in proximity to the main combustion chamber I 3 and are heated by this chamber. These air ducts have their lower outlet ends 36 leading into a chamber 31 at the ends thereof, and this chamber is disposed beneath the burning decks 23. The preheated air supplied to this chamber passes through the openings in the vertical grates 24 and therefore passes between the burning decks 23. Some of this air may also pass through a horizontal duct 38, formed in the vertical bridge also pass upwardly through the grate 29, and this air, with the products of combustion, then travel rearwardly and upwardly over the burning decks 23 and the drying deck 22.

Beneath the drying deck 22 is a gas combustion or deodorizing chamber te, which has no communication with the main combustion chamber, except by down flues, to be described. The drying deck 22 constitutes the top of this gas combustion chamber and continues doumwardly in the form of `a vertical bridge wall II I. The numeral #12 designates down ues, communicating at their upper end with the rear end of the ccmbustion chamber I3, at points above the upper surface of the drying deck 22, these fiues 42 passing through the reflecting surface 3o, as shown.

The flues 52 lead downwardly, see more-particularly Figure 4, and discharge into the gas combustion chamber 4G near the oppositeV ends thereof. This gas combustion chamber is provided with baiiles 43, so that a turbulence of the gases is effected and complete combustion and deodorization occurs. The chamber iii has communication at one end with a passage 42, which leads to the stack, and the passage ifi has a damper $4 as shown. The chamber it may have communication at either end with the stack, or at both ends, if desired.

Chamber I3 is provided with observation ports d5, covered with glass or the like, and stoke doors 56, which, with stoke doors i5 and il, afford access to all. parts of the combustion chamber. Access is also had to the opposite ends of the chamber 3i through doo-rs fi?, and into the opposite ends of the chamber itl through doors fit. These doors 48 may be manipulated to supply additional air to the gas combustion chamber 48, if desired.

The numeral d@ designates burners, adapted to use as fuel, natural gas, artiicial coal gas, sewer gas, or oil. These burners serve to promote combustion and to raise the temperature of the main furnace sufficiently high to assure the complete burning of all combustibles. They also serve to supply secondary air into chamber I3, to effect combustion.

The operation of the incinerator or furnace is as follows:

The burners t9 are set into operation which supply flames for initially heating the furnace and promoting combustion, such burners being also employed to supply secondary air. High moisture content refuse is introduced into combustion chamber i3, through the charging opening 33 without the escape of any considerable amount of heated gases, and is rst supported upon the drying deck 22, and is worked forwardly over the burning decks 23 and the final unburned residue passes to the grates 2Q where the burning is completed. Air passes in wardly through the flues 34 and travels downwardly therein and is preheated and enters the chamber 3l. Such preheated air passes through the openings in the vertical grates 2Q and travels forwardly between the burning decks and then enters the combustion chamber I3. This air passes rearwardly over and in contact with the refuse upon decks 22 and After the refuse upon the deck 22 becomes sufficiently dried, it is worked forwardly over the burning decks 23 by implements which may be inserted through the stoke openings Iii or it or through the opening I. When passing over the burning decks the dried refuse is subjected to intense heat and is consumed for the greater portion, but the residue passes upon the grate 29, where the combustion is completed, preheated air being supplied beneath this grate through the passage 38 upon the manipulation of the damper t9. During this drying and burning operation of the high water content refuse, combustible gases and vapors are driven off and become mixed with the products of combustion and pass through the down iiues 42 and enter the gas combustion chamber QB. When within the chamber fill, these gases ignite producing an intense heat which raises the temperature of the drying deck 22 so that it is efficient in drying the refuse. The chamber 4E) has the baffles (i3 arranged therein so that the combustible gases are caused to travel in a tortuous path and turbulence of the same is effected, which aids in the complete combustion and deodorization. The combustion of these gases is completed in the chamber it as stated, and a proper damper may be installed in the passage 44, to properly regulate the egress of the gases to the stack so that the bridge 22 will have proper heat exchange with the gases. By virtue of the dome-shaped surface 30 of the top of the combustion chamber, the maximum reflection of heat upon the burning and unburned refuse is obtained, which materially aids in the proper combustion of the material. It is to be understood the form of my invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, without de parting from the spirit of my invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In an incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber, a bottom for the combustion chamber including a main drying deck and burning decks arranged in stepped relation, the burning decks having openings arranged between them for the passage of` air, the combustion chamber having a top provided with a generally spherically curved inner surface for transmitting heat over all of the decks, and also having a charging opening for feeding the material upon the drying deck, means for providing an airreceiving chamber beneath the burning decks and having communication with the openings between the burning decks, said casing having down flues for preheating air and supplying the same into the air-receiving chamber, means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, said casing having ducts which lead from the main combustion chamber above the drying deck and into the gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck.

2. In an incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber, a bottom for the combustion chamber including a drying deck and burning decks arranged in stepped relation, means for providing openings between the burning decks, the combustion chamber including a top having an inner curved heat transmitting surface, means providing an ash pit within the casing in advance of the lowermost burning deck and openings leading into the ash pit, a grate covering the ash pit, means providing airreceiving chamber beneath the burning decks and having communication with all of said openings, said casing having air preheating flues leading into the air-receiving chamber, means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, means for effecting the turbulence of gases within the gas combustion chamber, means of communication between the main cornbustion chamber and the gas combustion chamber, and material inlet means leading into the combustion chamber above the drying deck.

3. In an incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber, a bottom for the combustion chamber including a drying deck, burning decks and a grate disposed in stepped relation, means for providing an air-receiving chamber beneath the burning decks and openings between the burning decks and an opening extending beneath the grate with all of the openings in conimunication with the air-receiving chamber, a top for the main combustion chamber having an inner generally spherically curved surface extending over all of the decks and the grate, said top having a charging opening so that material may be fed upon the drying deck, burners arranged within the combustion chamber and disposed near the burning decks, preheating ues for introducingl preheated air into the air-receiving chamber and extending across the sides of the main combustion chamber, means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, baiies disposed within the gas cornbustion chamber to effect the turbulence of the gases, and a duct communicating with the main combustion chamber and with the gas combustion chamber.

4. In an incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber and provided near one end with a stoke opening and near the opposite end with a stoke opening, doors for covering the openings, a bottom for the combustion chamber including a drying deck, burning decks and a grate disposed in stepped relation between said openings, means ior providing an ash pit beneath the grate, means for providing an air-receiving chamber beneath the burning decks and openings between the burning decks and an opening leading into the ash pit with all of the openings in Communication withk the air-receiving chamber, a damper for controlling the passage of air through the opening leading into the ash pit, means for supplying preheated air into the airreceiving chamber, a top for the main combustion chamber having an inner surface which is generally spherically curved and extends over the drying and burning decks and grate, said top having an opening above the drying deck for the passage of material thereon, burners arranged within the main combustion chamber near the burning decks, and means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck and having communication with the combustion chamber.

5. In an incinerator, an elongated casing having .a main combustion chamber provided at one end with an elevated stoke opening, a door to cover the opening, a bottom for the main combustion chamber comprising a drying deck arranged adjacent to the stoke opening and burning decks and a grate which are arranged in stepped relation with each other and with the drying deck and leading downwardly from the drying deck, means for supplying air between the burning decks and through the grate, such air travelling upwardly over the burning decks and drying deck, a top for the combustion chamber having a generally spherically curved inner surface for transmitting heat over the drying deck, burning decks and grate, said top having an open ing for feeding material upon the drying deck, burners arranged within the combustion chamber near the burning decks and means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, said gas combustion chamber hav! ing a flue which leads from the main combustion chamber near and above the drying deck.

6. In an incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber provided near one end with an elevated stoke opening, .a door to cover the opening. a bottom for the main combustion chamber comprising a drying deck disposed adjacent to the Stoke opening and burning decks and a grate which are arranged in stepped relation with each other and with the drying deck and leading downwardly from the drying deck, means for passing air at different elevations between the burning decks and through the grate, such air travelling upwardly over the burning deck and drying deck, a top for the combustion chamber having an opening for discharging material upon the drying deck, burners arranged within the combustion chamber near the burning decks, and means forming a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck and having communication with the main combustion chamber near and above thedrying deck.

7. In Ian incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber provided near one end with an elevated stoke opening, a door to cover the opening, a bottom for the main combustion chamber comprising a substantially imperforate drying deck disposed adjacent to the stoke opening and substantially imperforate burning decks and a grate which are arranged in stepped relation with each other and with the drying deck and leading downwardly from the drying deck, means for passing air at different elevations between the burning decks and through the grate, a top for the combustion chamber having an opening for charging material upon the drying deck, burners arranged within the combustion chamber near the burning decks, and means for exhausting gases from the combustion chamber at a point near and above the drying deck. A

8. In an incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber, a bottom for the combustion chamber including a substantially imperiorate drying deck and substantially imperforate burning decks arranged in stepped relation, and having means disposed between them at different elevations for the passage of air, and a top for the combustion chamber having an inner generally spherically curved surface.

9. In an incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber, a bottom for the combustion chamber including a drying deck and burning decks arranged in stepped relation, said casing having means by which material maybe fed upon the drying deck and worked therefrom over the burning decks, means for passing air at different elevations between the burning decks, burners arranged within the combustion chamber near the burning decks, a top for the combustion chamber having an inner generally spherically curved surface, and means for exhausting gases from the combustion chamber at a point near and above the drying deck.

l0. In an incinerator, a casing having a main combustion chamber including a wall toward which the heated gases travel, a bottom for the main combustion chamber comprising an irnperforate drying deck extending to the wall in the direction of travel of the heated gases, substantially imperforate burning decks and a grate arranged in stepped relation with each other and the drying deck and extending downwardly from the drying deck, means for introducing air into the main combustion chamber to support combustion, a top for the combustion chamber having an opening for feeding material to be burned upon the drying deck, means providing al gas combusthe main combustion chamber at a point above the drying deck.

l1. In an incinerator, a casing having a combustion chamber including a Wall toward which the heated gases travel, an imperforate drying deck extending to the wall in the direction of travel of the heated gases and having associated therewith means to permit of the deposit of material thereon to be burned, the opposite end of the drying deck being spaced from the Wall of the casing remote from the first named wall, a substantially imperforate burning deck and a grate arranged in stepped relation with respect to the burning deck and disposed between the free end of the drying deck and the last named wall, means for supplying air into the combustion chamber to support combustion therein, means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, and a duct leading from the gas cornbustion chamber into the main combustion chamber.

12. In an incinerator, a casing having a combustion chamber including a wall toward which the heated gases travel, an upstanding wall arranged within the casing and spaced from the top of the casing and the first named wall and the wall of the casing disposed opposite and remote from the first named wall, a drying deck eX- tending from the upstanding wall to the first named wall in the direction of travel of the heated gases, means including the drying deck and upstanding wall for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, said drying deck having means associated therewith to permit of the feeding of material to be burned upon the drying deck, a burning deck and a grate arranged in stepped relation to each other and disposed between the upstanding wall and the remote opposite wall, means for supplying air into the combustion chamber to support combustion therein, and a duct leading from the gas combustion chamber into the main combustion chamber.

13. In an incinerator, a casing having a cornbustion chamber including a wall toward which the gases travel, an upstanding wall arranged within the casing and spaced from the rst named wall and the wall of the casing disposed opposite to and remote from the iirst named wall, a drying deck extending from the upstanding wall to the rst named wall in the direction of travel of the heated gases, means including the drying deck and upstanding wall for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, said drying deck having means associated therewith to permit of the feeding of material to be burned upon the drying eck, a burning deck and a grate arranged in stepped relation to each other and disposed between the upstanding wall and the remote opposite wall, the burning deck having an air passage therebeneath which leads into the combustion chamber and means providing an air passage which discharges beneath the grate, means for supplying air to said air passages, and a duct leading from the gas combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber.

14. In an incinerator, a casing having a combustion chamber, a drying deck arranged therein and having means associated therewith to permit of the deposit upon the drying deck of material to be burned, a plurality of burning decks and a grate arranged in stepped relation to each other and to the drying deck and extending downwardly from the drying deck, the burning decks having air passages beneath the same which lead into the combustion chamber at diferent elevations and means providing an air passage discharging beneath the grate, means for supplying air to all of the passages, means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, and means of communication between the gas combustion chamber and the first named combustion chamber.

15. In an incinerator, a casing having a combustion chamber including a wall toward which the heated gases travel, an imperfcrate drying deck extending to said wall and having associated therewith means to permit of the deposit of material thereon to be burned, the opposite end of the drying deck being spaced from the wall of the casing remote from the rst named wall, a substantially imperforate burning deck and a grate arranged between the free end of the drying deck and the last named wall with the burning deck disposed next to the drying deck,'

the burning deck and grate being disposed at an elevation beneath the upper surface oi the drying deck, means for supplying air into the cornbustion chamber at a point adjacent to the burning deck and next to the drying deck so that the air passes over the burning deck upon entering the combustion chamber, means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck, and means cf communication between the gas combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber.

i6. In an incinerator, a casing having a combustion chamber including a wall toward which the heated gases travel and a second wall remote from the rst named wall, an imperforate drying deck extending to the first named wall and having associated therewith means to permit oi the deposit of material upon the drying deck, the opposite end of the drying deck being spaced from the second wall, a substantially imperforate burning deck and a grate arranged between the free end or" the drying deck and the second named wall with the burning deck next to the drying deck, the burning deck and grate being disposed at an elevation beneath the upper surface of the drying deck, means providing an air receiving chamber disposed adjacent to the drying deck and having communication with the combustion chamber at a point near the upper surface of the burning deck, means for supplying air into the air receiving chamber, and outlet means for the combustion chamber.

17. In an incinerator, a casing having a combustion chamber, an imperforate drying deck arranged within the combustion chamber and having means associated therewith to permit of the deposit of material thereon, a substantially imperforate burning deck and a grate arranged to receive material passing from the discharge end of the drying deck and disposed at an elevation below the upper surface of the drying deck, the burning deck being arranged next to the drying deck, means providing an .air receiving chamber arranged near the drying deck, a vertical grate disposed adjacent to the burning deck and extending across a portion of the air receiving chamber, means for preheating air and supplying the same to the air receiving chamber, and outlet means for the combustion chamber.

18. In an incinerator, a casing having a combustion chamber, an upstanding wall arranged therein, an imperforate drying deck arranged within the combustion chamber and connected with the upstanding wall and having means associated therewith to permit of the deposit of material thereon, a substantially imperforate burning deck and a grate arranged to receive material passing from the discharge end of the drying deck and disposed at an elevation below the upper surface of the drying deck, the burning deck being arranged next to the drying deck, means for providing a gas combustion chamber beneath the drying deck and upon one side of the upstanding wall and an air receiving chamber upon the opposite side of the upstanding wall, the air receiving chamber being disposed next to the burning deck and projecting above the same for communication with the combustion chamber, means for supplying air into the air receiving chamber, and means of communication between the gas combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber.

MARK H. ALLEN.

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