US2064914A - Oil and gas burner - Google Patents

Description

22, 1936. J. HEINZEL OIL AND GAS BURNER Filed Aug. 23, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Jaszm 1Y5 N251.

45 a 1 I ATTORNEY Bum courkouzn.

J. HEINZEL OIL AND GAS BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 23, 1932 INVENTOR J05Pll /9//A/ZL BY v A TTORIIVEY Dec. 22, 1936.

Patented Dec. 22, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application August 23,

4 Claims.

. The present invention relates to oil and gas burners of a new and improved type andparticularly to burners operating under a natural draft.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved oil and gas burner wherein combustion of a high degree of eficiency is obtained and wherein very high gas temperatures are secured. It is also an object of the invention to provide a burner which is so constructed that practically no carbon is deposited and the fuel is provided with an optimum quantity of air such that it burns with a continuous white flame of very high temperature which is capable of bringing the pressure in a boiler to a maximum within a very short time. It is a further object of the invention to provide a burner which is simple and inexpensive in construction and reliable and eflicient in operation.

Other objects of the invention will appear from" the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which illustrate by way of example a preferred embodiment of the invention. In said drawings- Fig. 1 is a view in elevation, partly in section of a boiler equipped with my improved oil and gas burner;

Fig. 2 is a central vertical section through the burner;

' Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the upper plate forming part of the burner and illustrates the damper control mechanism;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the oil groove or well, the top plate being removed; and

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section along the line 5-5 of Fig. 2.

The burner is illustrated in Fig. 1 as being mounted upon the grate support ll] of a boiler l I of any known or suitable construction, the boiler having the usual fire door l2, water gauge l3, pressure gauge IE, and damper Hi.

The burner rests upon a plate l6 which lies upon the grate support ID, the plate being provided with a central aperture ll, but being imperforate from such aperture to the periphery thereof. The burner comprises a bottom plate 18 whose outer edge portion may be directed upwardly to produce a dished efiect as shown at I9 for a purpose to be set forth hereinafter. annular member 20 is attached to the plate [8, as by means of screws 2|. Upon the upper surface of the member 20 is provided an annular groove 2m to which oil is fed in the manner to be described hereinbelow.

In order to insure uniform distribution of the 1932, Serial No. 630,031

air which is drawn upwardly through the member 20 irrespective of the direction of the draft, I provide an air distributing plate [801. of smaller diameter than the internal diameter of the member 20, thereby creating an annular passageway 35 through which the air is compelled to flow as it rises from the pit 36 (Fig. 1) of the boiler. The air thus reaches the top of member 20 in the form of an annular stream which is distributed substantially uniformly about such member. The air distributing plate is supportedfromlugs 31 cast integral with the member 20 and is secured to the lugs by screws 31a (Fig. 5).

The following mechanism is provided to deflect the air upon the vaporized oil rising from the well 2| and to control the size of the flame.

The central portion of the plate I801. has a boss 22 into which is threaded a post 23 carrying at its upper end a block 24. The block supports a deflecting or top plate 25 whose central portion is depressed, as shown at 26, to receive the block. The plate 25 is threaded to receive a screw 21 which enters a non-threaded bore 28 in the block 24, so that upon rotation of the screw 21 the plate 25 is raised or lowered. The plate 25 is guided in its vertical movements by the engagement of the walls of its depressed portion 26 with the outer surface of the block 24. This plate 25 serves to deflect the stream of air coming from the passageway 35 toward the well 21 and aids in the mixing of the vaporized'oil with air. The plate 25 forms with the member 20 a burner nozzle whose discharge opening may be regulated by adjustment of the screw 21. A locknut 29 may serve to lock the plate in adjusted position.

The oil is fed to the well 2la through a plurality of pipes 30 which communicate through T- connections 3| with a header 32 from which extend tubular elements 33 which are connected by suitable pipe connections with the Ts 3|. The latter may be provided with drain plugs 34 upon removal of which the pipes 30 may be cleaned. Four feed pipes 30 are illustrated on the drawings, but it is evident that a larger or smaller number may be employed as may be found suitable or necessary.

The pipes 30 pass through the air passage 35, the plate 18a being suitably recessed as shown at 38 to accommodate such pipes. As will be seen from Fig. 2, the air entering the passage enters a space 39 between the plate l8a and the upper horizontal portion of the member 20, and thence passes through the central opening of such member, whereupon it is deflected by the plate 25 toward the Well 2|, where it mixes and carries with it the oil vapors rising therefrom.

The combustion of oil is initiated with the aid of one or more pilot lights emanating from one or more gas burners 40 whose outer ends are bent in such manner as to direct the flame upon the oil in the well 2!. The discharge end of each of the gas burners 4%] is flattened and widened in order to cover a large arc of the well 2 l. The pipes 45 are each soldered into a nipple 4! which passes through an opening in the plate Ilia, and is provided with a collar 41a which engages the upper face of the plate. The nipples are externally threaded and are clamped upon the plate I80, by nuts Mb. By means of unions 42a the nipples 4| are connected with pipes 42 running from a gas header 43 which is connected by a pipe 44 with the gas main. If desired, the post 23 may be made in the form of a pipe connected with the gas pipe 44, the gas burners being then connected with the pipe 23 above the plate lBa. As will be seen from Fig. 2, the inner edge 45 of the well 2| is higher than the outer edge 46. Due to such construction, any excess of oil that maybe fed to the well flows over the edge 46 onto the plate l8, from which it is withdrawn by a pipe 41 which leads to a controller 48. Ordinarily, however, only enough oil is fed to cover the bottom of the well, the rate of feed being suitably adjusted to the rate at which the oil is evaporated. To the controller 48 are connected also the gas pipe 44 and the oil pipe 49 leading to the oil header 32. The controller 48 is of any known construction and is suitably connected with a thermostat (not shown) through which the burner is controlled. If desired, the oil and gas lines may be provided with hand valves for manual operation.

In the normal operation of my device, assuming that automatic controlis employed and that the thermostat has closed an electric control circuit upon fall of the temperature to a pre-determined' minimum, a gas valve in the controller 48 is opened so that the gas burners 40 direct a number of large gas flames against the oil in the well 2! and thereby preheat and ignite the latter. After three or four minutes, the controller automatically turns down the gas valve and opens the oil valve, which then feeds oil in a constant stream through the pipe 49 and distributing pipes to the well 2|. The natural draft of the boiler causes air to pass in an annular stream through the passage 35, the air then passing upwardly and being deflected by the plate 25 against the hot oil in the well 2|. In this way the air mixes with the oil vapors and the jet of flame issues from between the outer edge 46 of the member s 20, and the outer edge of the top plate 25. The

outer edge of the latter plate is directed downwardly, as shown at 50 in Fig. 2, and the plate is of smaller diameter than the outside diameter of the edge portion 46 to cause the air to penetrate the stream of vaporized oil to thereby mix thoroughly with the same and produce complete sageway through which the oil pipes 30 pass. By such arrangement, the narrow annular stream of air flowing upwardly through the passageway 35 cools the oil pipes and the walls of the oil well, thus preventing carbonization and clogging of such oil pipes and oil well.

In order to adjust the quantity of air flowing over the heated oil so as to obtain the mixture most suitable for efficient combustion, I provide mechanism whereby part of the air may be shunted or deflected away from the oil in the well 2|. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated,

such mechanism comprises a plate 5| provided with openings 52 which are adapted to register to a greater or less extent with openings 53 in the plate 25. The plate 5i is centrally apertured to fit over the depressed portion 26 of the plate 25 and is guided upon the plate 25 by means of a screw and slot connection 54. Upwardly extending tabs 55 may be provided upon the plate 5| to facilitate manual engagement thereof. By suitable adjustment of the plate 5|, a controlled quantity of air may be caused to flow upwardly through the plates 25 and 5| without aiding in the combustion of the fuel. In this way the proper amount of air for most efficient combustion can be fed to the heated oil upon the member 20.

If desired only one pilot light may be employed, but I prefer to use a number of them so that in the event that the supply of oil is exhausted, the boiler may be heated with gas by means of the pipes 40.

While I have shown my improved burner as of circular form in plan view, it is obvious that it may be built in various outlines, although I prefer to employ the circular or oval form the expression closed curvilinear outline" in the claims beingintended to include both such forms.

It willbe obviousthat it is not absolutelyessential that the burner, or more specifically, the nozzle formed by the plate 25 and member 20, extend for 360"; if desired, such nozzle may be of bowed or arcuate form for less than 360, in which event the parts are preferably so designed that the air passageway 35 extends only along the length of the well Zia.

I If desired, my improved burner may be employed solely as a gas burner, in which event, the Well 2 la and piping connected therewith are dispensed with. I have found that the annular or, where the nozzle is not in the form of a closed ring, arcuate stream of air is so efliciently distributed throughout the nozzle 20, 50 and mixes so thoroughly with the gas fed by the burners that an exceedingly hot flame is obtained. It will be noted that the air is not mixed with the gas before it is discharged by the gas pipes or burners 4B, but mixes therewith only after such discharge. In this way I secure not only more efiicient combustion, but avoid the danger of backfire into the pipes 40.

My improved burner is characterized by extreme simplicity and small number of parts which can be readily manufactured on a large scale and at low cost. It operates efliciently under a natural draft and with very little noise. It is characterized further by the practical absence of carbon, either no carbon being formed, or if anyis deposited, the same is subsequently burned. Thus I have found that after many hours of operation, the plate 25 is free of any deposit of carbon, the plate being kept cool by the stream of air flowing thereagainst.

I claim;

1. An oil burner comprising a hollow member of closed curvilinear outline having a groove in the top surface thereof for distributing oil along the length of such member, said member being open at its top and bottom to provide a passageway for air therethrough, a conduit opening into said groove from below the groove for feeding oil thereinto, a distributing plate positioned within said member and dimensioned to provide a narrow annular channel for air between itself and said member along the periphery of such plate, a deflecting plate overlying said member and spaced vertically therefrom to form a burner nozzle therewith, the outer edge of said last-mentioned plate being curved downwardly to direct the stream of air rising from said channel toward the top surface of said member and terminating short of the outer edge of said member, a pilot burner supported within said member so as to be swept by the current of air passing therethrough and directing a pre-heating and igniting flame upon the body of liquid fuel in said groove, and a pipe connected with said pilot burner to feed gas thereto.

2; A burner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the fuel conduit passes through the air passageway between the distributing plate and the hollow member, such conduit being thus swept by air and thereby cooled.

3. A burner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the upper portion of the hollow member has an inwardly extending flange which overlies the air passageway between the distributing plate and the portion of such member below such flange, said fuel conduit passing upwardly through said air passageway, so as to be cooled by the upward- 1y flowing air, and opening into the bottom of said groove from below.

4. A burner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first-mentioned plate is provided with a series of apertures through which a portion of the air can be deflected away from the zone of combustion between such plate and the top of the hollow member, and means for controlling said apertures to regulate the amount of air that is deflected.

JOSEPH HEINZEL.

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