US2064761A - Yarn and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 15, 1936.

E. J. LOWNES. JR, ET AL NUBBY PART OF YARN DEGUMMING DRYING Filed June 17, 1935 RABBIT HAIR 45: Wool.

55x RABBIT HAIR OPENER 6 2 Sheets-Sheet '1 PAYO N TO PS cmome i0 0 l v o (F 0 o 4' v v DRESSING P 9 9 (I) |5T DRAFT ROT.DRAW|NG- 74 GILLING 6 v NOT u sso ORTHISYARN l 33(2 GRAINS 330 GRAINE fi/z o 6Z2YD5- I 2ND DRAFT NOT USED FORTHISYARN FlLLING l-g A c GILLING DRESSING Z 9 l .--*a$u%*2@" FORTHFSYARN o o o o I NOILS l ZZ l -57 v ROT. DRAWING DYE Z5 1 Z 17 I F CARDING |d H??? ROTQDRAWING RoLoRAwme L66 i [P.OLDRAWING F27 (V O O o ROT.DRAWING 4 l Sula/ER OFIBOGRAINS READY FOR P oven PER 572 YDS. ROV'NG Y I, I AND smrmme INVENTORS J Ed a?" Jl ownes '7 v Jlfi es 0 Gibson B) (944% w 1 ATTORNEYS Dec. 15, 1936. E. J. LOWNES. JR., E 2,4,73

YARN AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME Filed June 17, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 HHHHHHHHHH HIflfllfll'flllllllIHIHIIIIUIIHHHIlllIHHIIHIIHIIIIIIHIHII WITNESSES \l44 45 INVENTORS Patented Dec. 15, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT. or ice "$2,064,761" YARN AND =METHOD OF PRODUCING 'rnEsAMEy H Edgar J. Lownes, Inland Miles 0. Gibson, Prov idence, R. 1., assignors to American Silk Spinning 00., Providence, Rhode Island R. L, a corporation of Application .lune 17, 1935 Serial No. 21,094

6 Claims.

An additional objectis to provide an improved 4 methodof using the nubby part of silk yam with' rayon fibres and a mixture oflwool, and rabbit's hair to form a roving ready for spinning: and with substantially specific proportions of the various materials in the complete roving. In the accompanying drawings-'- a Figure 1 is a diagram showing the various steps of the process whereby a finished, roving is produced ready for a spinning machine; I

Fig. 2 is a view principally formed as a' diagram showing a machine known as'a rotary drawing machine with certain parts changed to produce steps'in the method;

.Fig. 3 is a view similar. to Fig. 2 but showing a standard arrangement of the drawing machine illustratedv in Fig. 2; f

, "Fig. 4 is a diagram with certain parts in section showing a gilling machine of, an old and wellknowntype;

Fig. 5 shows a falleror comb forming part of the gilling machine shown. in Fig.'4,.the same presenting an improved construction of faller especially adapted for producing yarn according mine present method; V l Fig. 6 is an elevation of a short section ofyarn constructed according to thepresent invention, the same being on an enlarged scale; s Fig. 7 is an elevation of a short section olthe yarn shown in Fig. .6 greatly enlarged.

The accompanying drawings disclose diagrams indicating certain machinery arranged to produce the desired steps in the method oiiorming an or namental yarn having certain proportionsofr cere v tain materials. It will be evident, however, that the proportions may be varied withoutchan'ging the method, but for the purpose of description specific proportions will be set forth where itis necessary to bring out certain steps in the process. y p

Referring particularly to Fig.1 it will be seen that there are four principal groups of machines is to provide an im- I used in carrying out the present method, the first group being indicated by the letter A, while the other groups'are indicated respectivelyby the letters 13,0 and D.

In forming the ornamental yarn, as shown in.

Figs. 6 and 7, a certain quantity or waste silk, a part of which forms what-is known as the nubby part of the yarn, is taken and placed in a denim ming machine, indicated by the numeral 5. At the same or some other time a certain proportion of wool and rabbits'hair is dumped into a device, the same being known as an opener, indicated at 8. In the specific example given in the drawings there is forty-five per cent wool (sheep) ,and fifty-five per cent rabbit's hair.

At the same time these operations are taking place, or at some other time,'a supply of rayon tops is dumped into a dyeing apparatus I. The

rayon tops consistoi a suppl'y'oi rayon filaments or various lengths usually arranged in ,a pile and giving the appearance of waste. These tops being of various lengths and placed in a pile become more or less matted and in order to use the same they must be dyed andthen straightened out and arranged ina comparativelysmall band or sliver. To do this a desired supply of rayon tops is dumped into the'dyeing' machine I as above mentioned and after they have been properly dyed and later dried, the dyed'rayon tops are fed into a gillingmachine ,8, which straightens out the fibers and arranges the supply in a long sliver whichis'discharged from the machine. In the illustration shown, a, sliver weighs 330 grains. per five and one half yards. As far as the present invention is concerned, the dyeingiapparatus is of any desired kind and also as far as the present invention isconcerned the gillin'g machine 8 is an ordinary gilling machine I now in common use in factorieswhich spin silk, rayon and the like. This machine takes the mass 01' rayon tops ted thereinandstraightens the filaments out to a certain extent and'then ,ieeds the tops out in a continuousband commonly known asa sliver. This band may varyiin thickp ness and width, and is'ied into a receptacle known as a can. Whenone can is filled the sliver is broken off and as -thels1iver continuesto feed from the gilling machine it is discharged into a second can. When the second can is filled, the same operationtakes place and the silver is fed into a third can. This operation co'ntinuesas long as the machine is in use. The slivers in all these cans will be of. substantially the same weight per yard.

While the above-mentioned action is-taklng place, the mass of matted wool and rabbit's hair dumped into the machine or opener t is being operated on in the usual manner. The machine 0 is the ordinary machine known as an opener in the industry and functions'ln the usual way of an opener. as above set forth. Generally speaking,

this opener pulls the matted mass of rabbits hair and wool and mixes the same somewhat. During the pulling operation it loosens up all the lumps or thickened matted parts so that when the mixture is discharged from the opener 6 it is a loose mass of wool and rabbits hair more or less mixed.

To secure a-hetter mixture and also to be sure that there are no undesirable lumps in the mass, the material from the opener 6'is discharged into a second opener 9 where the same operation takes place.

From the second opener the material is fed into a carding machine [0. This is an ordinary carding machine used in carding cotton, wool and the like, and the detail structure forms no part of the present invention as any desired type or carding machine may be used. When the carding machine in is in use it discharges a'sliver of a certain weight per yard according to the way the parts are set. This sliver is fed into cans in the same way as the. sliver from the giliing ma usual kindfunctloning'in the usual way to com bine. straighten, and blend the four slivers fed therein so that only one sliver is fed therefrom which is approximately the same weight as any one of the slivers fed therein. This action causes the wool and rabbit's hair to become more or less entwined; also it pulls out the material .so that,

substantially the same proportion of wool and rabbit's hair-is found within the discharged silver as is indicated above in connection with the opener 6. I

In. order to secure better and more uniform silver and one of the desired weight, a second rotary drawing machine H is used and four canfuls o! slivers from the drawing machine II are arranged near the drawing machine "so that the slivers therefrom may be fed therein. 'From the drawing machine l4 the finished sliver is discharged. This silver, as indicated in the drawings, has a weight of 330 grains per five and onehali yards and is complete as far as group B is concerned. While the operations above described have been taking place, or at some other time, the hubby part of the silk yarn as a waste is dumped into the degumming machine 5. This waste may be ravelings or left-over straps from silk mills, or may be cocoons which have been broken up and shredded more or less, or a mixture of cocoons and waste from'silk mills. The waste is more or less matted and also contains gum, grease, and the like. When dumped into the degummlng machine it is cleaned of all the objectionable matter. The degumming machine 5 may be any of the usual degumming machines on the market and is merely a vat filled with hot or boiling water containing soap or other ingredients. This treat- 9. The opener l5 pulls the matted i her to the dressing machine ll.

ment is carried out until the gum on the natural silk and the grease on the silk Irom the mills are removed. This cleaned and degummed silk is still in a more or less matted or massed condition and is then dried. The drying operation may be carried out in any way. Usually a mass of the silk is placed in a rotary dryer, is sometimes known as a. retainer. lit is than moved tea but room. where the drying opera= tlon is completed.

;After the material is dried is fed in opener i5 which is similar to and loosens the same up to such thereare no large lumps or rnattec. the mass is loose and ready for the filling From the opener ill the mass of is fed into the filler which is an old known construction. The filler briefly vice for placing a supply oi filaments into is known as sticks, which consists of a pair c clamping bars adapted to clamp a bunch of me rial. These filled sticm are then mounted in a dressing machine H, which dressing machine is of the usual and well-known kind now in common use. This dressing machine removes the longer fibers which are known as the first draft. These longer, or rather longest, fibers are not usedfor the yarn disclosed in Fig. 6.

All the yarn remaining from the dressing machine not in the first draft is fed into a. filling machine is, where it is placed on sticks as above described, and these sticks are placed in a second dressing machine H, which acts in a similar man- The longest fibers from the dressing machine 69 are removed to a desired point and are not used for the yarn disclosed in Fig. 6.

All the yarn not in the second draft is fed into a third filling machine, which acts in a similar manner to the filling machines 56 and i8, and the filled sticks from the machine 2D are placed in a third dressing machine 2!, which acts in a similar manner to the first two dressing machines and discharges the third draft which is the third longest fibers.

The remaining fibers from the third draft are removed and form a mass known as "noils, indicated in Fig. 1 by the numeral 22. These noils are merely dumped into a pile and when desired to complete the process these noils are run through a dyeing machine 23 of any desired kind. The noils 22 are the shortest fibers and form little knobs or twisted bunches. The noils are more or less kinked or curly and when dyed this characteristic is increased so that they retain rather tenaciously their bunched condition. After the noils have been dyed they are fed into a carding machine 24 which is of the usual kind and similar to the carding machine i 0. It will be understood that they are red in a mass into the carding machine but leave in a band or sliver 25. This band or sliver 25 is comparatively heavy per yard and is fed. into a rotary drawing machine 26 which is similar'to the drawing machines I l and H. The sliver from the drawing machine 26 is fed into a second rotary drawing machine 21 which further straightens thefibers and then discharges them as a silver, saidsliv'er being fed into a third drawing machine 28. All the drawing machines act in a similar manner for drawing and reducing the diameter of the sliver, while, at the same time, they straighten more or less the fibers of the noils which overlap each other and are more or less entwined. The drawing maslivers until the desired ard machine and a machine that will I 2,064,761 28 are set as shown in Fig. 2.

chines 26 and The band or sliver passing from the last drawing machine, namely, drawing machine 20, is the finished sliver as far as this part ofthe process is-con'cerned, and in the above example when dyed has a weight of grains per five and onehalf yards. It will'be evident that the dyeing machine 23 could be eliminated and the'remaining steps of the process carried. out. When this occurs the finished sliver from the drawing ma- 29. Slivers from all six of these cans are fed into gllling machine 2t, which functions in the usual manner and combines and blends all of these sliver to from gilling machine 2% is of approximately the same] size asany one of the fibers fed therein. This is true except thatthe silk noil cannot 'berun' on this standard machine and the desired results secured. Therefore, it is necessary to changea gill box from the standard type'to a type} of machine thatwill runboth the rayon and rabbit hair along with the silk noil. This requires a machine with the combined features of the standrun the silk noil without interinixing the clusters of colored fibre. This is'accomplished by removing the standard iallers and replacing these fallers with special fallers it shown in Figure 5.-

The rayon and rabbit hair sliver is run through that part of the faller that contains'the standard pinning t3, and the silk noil'is run through that portion of the ialler containing the open or special pinning its Thus, on the same machine and in the same operation, the two combinations of fibre are blended into one sliver without" any alteration in the required characteristic of the different fibre. Five cans of slivers "from "the gilling machine as rotary drawing machine 3i and thes'livers fed therefrom. This drawing machine combines and draws out the'slivers until thedischarged-sliver t2 is'oi approximately the samesizeas any one of the slivers fed into the machine. Five cans of 35 are then fed slivers from the drawing machine into a second rotary 3 drawing machine 33. Five censor slivers from drawing machine 33 are then fed into a rotary drawing machine and finishing head to. All the drawing machines 3!, 33 and 3d are oi the usual type now in common use and function in the usual way. From the rotary drawing and finishing head it the finished sliver is discharged ready for roving. This roving sliver 35 is ready for the spinning machine. Usually the roving sliver 35 is wound on a spool of a wellknown kind and at the proper time is placed on a desired support in a spinning machine and is spun in the usual way. After having been spun the complete yarn will appear as shown in Fig. 6.

The finished yarn is made up of the various ingredients above mentioned, namely, the nubby part of silk, rabbit's hair, wool, and rayon tops. The proportions in the finished yarn are substantially the same as disclosed inv Fig. 1, so that there will be approximately four parts of rayon the yarn maybe woven any section of the yarnmay Y from the next adjacent section though in agenparting from the spirit are arranged adjacent the tops to one part of silk noils, as well as four parts of rayon tops to one part of combined wool and rabbit's hair. The rabbitshalr must be closely associated with ma a; so as to hold the same in 1 the yarn. The rabbits "hair-is more or vless straight while the woolis curly and wraps itseli more or less'around the rabbits hair so as to bind itself into the finished yarn though part of the hair will project therefrom. However, the yarn and combined wool and rabbitjs hair will extend the full length of the yarn as well as' 'the rayon tops "so that when different colors are used a very pleasing ornamental yarn will be produced having certain proportions of silk yarn, a certain proportion of combined wool and rabbits hair, anda certain proportion of rayon tops. Wherev the noils are dyed red, there will'be a reddish tint throughout the entire yarn,-ancl in addition by reason of the make-up of the noils there will be lumps or enlargements it which are formed by certain of the noils while the, rabbit's hair will have numeroushalrs protruding to give a fuzzy appearance to the'yarn and also to the fabric produced by theyarn. 'It will be understood that or knit as'preferred. While the various dmwin'g machines it to 3d blend and combine the material passing therethrough, nevertheless there will be in the finished in Fig. 6, separate fibers twisted yarn as shown together to form the complete yarn. Sometimes the fiber from the silk yarndominates while at other timesthe' combined wool and rabbit's hair dominates. In this way the exact makeup of be slightly different noils beingpreferably of some rather bright color while the rabbits hair is usually white though it could be dyed some desired color without degeneral layout of Figure 1 it will be noted that "the rotary drawing machine shown in Figure 2 is used as 26 and 28 while the rotary drawing ofithe invention. In the machines ii, M, 21,3i, dt'anddtare of the type shown in Figure 3.

In regard to the machine 36', it is desired to point out that in Fig. 3 is disclosed a machine of this type which is the regular machine except that it is provided with an extra top herisson it. The various herissons as shown inFig. 3 act to pull, straighten, and blend more or less the ,various materials into the desired form of roving sliver which is almost a yarn except that it has not been twisted. This finished sliver or roving sliver is fed outthrough the member 39 and the guiding and pressing wheels into a can il. From can ti the roving sliver may be wound on a spool in any desired manner ready for the spinning machine. When the roving sliver is placed in a spinning machine and is spun in the usual manner the yarn is complete as shown in Fig. 6.

It will be understood that any dyeing is done before the materials are mixed because of the second gilling machine 4 wool and rabbit's hair produce a desired color scheme in the finished yarn as some of thelarger noils in the finished yarn present protuberances which show up in a pleasing manner especially with the natural color of the rabbits hair as a form of background.

We claim:

1. The method of producing an ornamental yarn consisting in treating waste silk fiber by a well-known method until the noils are removed therefrom, treating the noils until a sliver of a given weight per yard is secured, securing a supply of wool and rabbits hair, passing the same through an opener, then passing the mixed wool and rabbits hair through a carding machine and providing a plurality of slivers from the carding machine through a plurality of drawing machines to provide a sliver of a given weight per yard, then subjecting a supply of rayon tops to dye, then, subjecting the dyed rayon tops to a gilling machine to produce a sliver of a given weight, then feeding a plurality of slivers from the gilling machine into a second gilling machine at the same time a silk sliver and a combined wool and hair fiber sliver are fed therein, then subjecting the material after it leaves the to a number of rotary a roving sliver ready for produced, and finally in a well-known mandrawing machines until the spinning machine is spinning the roving sliver net.

2. The method of forming an ornamental yarn of silk, wool, rabbits hair, and rayon tops, consisting in treating the rayon tops until a sliver of a given weight is produced, mixing and treating wool and rabbits hair until a sliver of the same weight as the rayon-top silver is produced, treating silk waste fiber until a sliver of noils is produced 01' approximately half the weight of the rayon-top sliver, feeding one silk sliver, one combined rabbits hair and wool sliver, and a plurality of slivers of rayon tops into a gilling machine, taking a plurality of slivers from the gilling machine and passing the same through a drawing machine, then taking the re sultant slivers and running a plurality thereof in succession through a plurality of drawing machines, the last drawing machine being a finishing head, and finally running a sliver from the finishing head through a spinning machine to produce the finished yarn.

3. The method of forming a yarn oi silk, wool,

rabbits hair and rayon with at least one of said ingredients being of a diiferent color from the remaining ingredients, consisting in forming a sliver of a given weight of rayon, forming a sliver of combinedwooi and rabbit's hair of substantially the same weight per yard as the sliver of rayon, forming a sliver of silk of less weight per yard than the rayon sliver, forming a mixed sliver of the rayon, silk and wool and rabbits hair slivers, subjecting the mixed slivers to a drawing action until the mixed slivers form a single sliver of the desired weight per yard with at least one of-the individual slivers still recognizable by reason of its color, and finally subjecting the final silver to a spinning machine.

4. The method of forming a yarn of silk, wool, rabbits hair and rayon, consisting in forming a sliver of rayon, forming a sliver of wool and rabbits hair of substantially the same weight as the sliver of rayon, forming silk noils from a supply of silk fiber, forming a sliver of silk noils 01 approximately one-half the weight per yard as the rayon sliver, forming a mixed sliver of the rayon, silk and wool and rabbits hair slivers, and finally subjecting the mixed sliver to the action of a drawing machine 'until the mixed sliver is of a desired weight per yard.

5. The method of forming a yarn of not less than four ingredients with at least one of the ingredients being of a diflerent color from the remaining ingredients including silk noils consisting in forming a sliver of one of said ingredients of a given weight per yard, forming a second sliver of a mixture of two of said ingredients, said second sliver being of approximately the same weight per yard as the first'mentioned sliver, forming a sliver of said silk noils of appreciably less weight per yard than the first mentioned sliver, blending said slivers by subjecting all of the slivers simultaneously to a drawing action, said blending action being carried out until all of the slivers are mechanically intermingled but with one sliver still individually recognizable by reason of its color.

6. The method of forming a roving strand from silk, wool, rabbits hair, and a fourth ingredient consisting in forming silk noils from a supply of silk fibers, forming a silver from said noils, mixing a supply of sheep's wool and rabbits hair, forming a silver from the mixed sheep's wool and rabbit's hair, forming a sliver of said fourth ingredient, then subjecting all of said slivers at the same time to the action of a drawing machine for forming a finished roving strand ready for spinning.

EDGAR J. LOWNES, JR. MILES O. GIBSON.

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