US2057053A - Loom for weaving - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 13, 1936. F. PHILY 2,057,053

LOOM FOR WEAVING Filed Oct. 5, 1953 '7 Sheets-Sheet l frrzaizd 1 1 YMM Oct. 13, 1936. F. PHlLY LOOM FOR WEAVING '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 5,. 1953 Oct. 13, 1936. F. PHlLY LOOM FOR WEAVING Filed 00 1}. 5, 1933 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 m y V/////////////4 Oct. 13, 1936.

F. PHlLY LOOM FOR WEAVING Filed Oct. 5, 1953 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 LOOM FOR WEAVING File Oct. 5, 1955 7 Sheets-Shet 6 F1 40 .Fig 1 Fig 12 19 a F g 13 4;

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UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE Fernand Phily, Lyon, France Application mm 5. 1m. Serial No. more In France October 11, 1932 1 Claim. (01- 28-1) The present invention relates to a loom for ments'or divisions for the various bobbins of the weaving, in which a loop is formed by one or sevweft threads and separate outlet passages for eral warp threads through which the weft thread each of these threads. is passed; the mesh fabric being obtained by twist- (3) An electric-mechanical driving arrange? ing together the warp thread or threads and the meat for the whole loom which permits the startweft thread. a L ing and stopping and as required a reversing Means for the manufacture of fabrics having movement. The automatic stopping being accomthese characteristics are described in my Patplished by the release of a safety device (shuttle ent No. 1,617,347, and a loom of this kind is de:- feelers, thread feelers etc), the loom being always scribed in my Patent No. 1,683,052. stopped in the same position, and it being im- 10 The present invention has for its object impossible to start operation again in the case of provements in looms of the .type above defined, accidental stoppage of the loom until this acciwith the object of improving their operation and dent has been repaired. increasing their speed. (4) A grooved cam for operating'a reed bar In the present looms, the starting and stopping without shock or Jerk. l5

of the loom are effected by hand by meansof a (5) Hammers for the picking of the shuttle rod or an operating lever, and the automatic carried by levers which may be balanced or not, means for stopping the loom .in cases where the operating with a rotary motion.

shuttle does not reach its box are mechanical, (6)A roller conical at its ends for stretching The picking of the shuttle is done by means (7) A braking arrangement for the warp rollof heavy hammers lifted by cams, they being reer, this arrangement being mechanically conleased for their stroke by springs. trollable by friction or by a ratchet wheel.

The work-bar put into movement by cams does (8) An operating and controlling arrangement not follow a rational path, which necessitates the for the takeup of the fabric and its tension, this 25 speed beingreduced, the bar being retained by arrangement being controllable by springs and a springs in the direction of upward lift, and shock loose wheel having a pawl and toothed wheel. absorbers provided in the direction of descent. The annexed drawings illustrate by way of ex- In my prior Patent No. 1,683,052 the path made ample a loom in accordance with the invention:- w by the working bar for forming a loop is polygonal Figure 1 is an elevation of the loom shown diaand the mechanism is positioned a relatively great grammatically. distance from the yarn guide. .Due to this ar- Figure 2 an end view from the side of the elecrangement during each cycle in the formation of tromagnetic operating mechanism. a loop, the loont is subjected to jerks and shocks Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 show the various positions caused by the sudden changes in the direction of occupied respectively by the work bar and its 35 movement of the working bar. Also, by reason of operation by the cam during the production of a the sudden changes of directionlthe warp threads mesh relative to the stationary thread-guides. are submitted to sudden thrusts and releases. This Figure '7 is an elevation of the thread-guide. makes itnecessary to operate the loom at a low Figure 8 a sectional elevation of the box for the rate of speed-a most undesirable condition. Independent b bbi 40 One of the objects of the present invention is Figure 9 a plan View f the outlet channe1s toeliminate the above disadvantages and to con- Figure 10 an elevation a mama struct a loom, of the character indicated, capable Figure 11 is an end elevauon of this 51mm 8. a great speed- Figure 12 a plan view of this shuttle.

(1) Means for guiding the work-bar, these gg z i gfigg mechamsm the D kmeins consisting in the combination of a fixed g h t l f 1 cam and a counter-cam or any other equivalent 14 shows t e S u t e ee er arrangement arrangement constructed m such mama? as to for the automatic stoi page of the loom. I I a m t, which -u and Wm Figure 15 shows the roller for tensioning the 50 out jerk or shock, of this bar around the threadselvagesguides, which servesto form the loop, and to guide Figure 16 the frictmnal brakin! the thisbar until the mesh is finished. warp roller.

(2) Means for guiding the weft threads, o Figure 1'1 shows the driving of the warp-roller g prising a bobbin box having separate compartby a ratchet wheel.

heavy and violent. the selvages of the fabric made bythe loom. 20

Figure 18 the automatic operating means for shuttel.

In these figures, the same reference figures indicate the same parts.

As shown in Figs; 1 and 2, .the loom is composed essentially of a frame I mounted on a base I. On the main shaft of the loom 3, driven by an electricmotor I, is mounted a grooved cam I which produces the rocking movement .of a suitable lever. B supporting the reed-bar I and which, whatever its speed may be, permits thisbar to follow a given path without shock or Jerk.

On this lever 6 and moving with it is fixed the supporting lever 8 of the work-bar Q guided by a fixed cam Ill having a slot or path II in' which is guided a pin i ll" arranged on the said lever I;

On the main shaft 3 is mounted ac'am Ii having ratchet teeth with two oppositely situated dogs or pawls l2, II which can -come in'conta'ct withthecam ii and arrest it bymeans ofteeth whenever that is necessary.

One of these pawls I2 is 115 constant contact with the cam- The other pawl I! held back dur-- ing normal working by the electric locking device I5, is suitably disposed in the electric circuit of the loom-operating mechanism. The electric circuit being the same as that described in my U. S. application Ser. No. 680,321. 7

0n the other hand, safety devices are provided, such as the shuttle feelers 24 and II, or weft or warp thread feelers, fabric tension feelers, and the like; f

On-the frame is mounted a roller '28 on which the warp threads. 21 are wound which pass through the holes 28, 29, ll of the tread-guide ii to form the loop 32 (Fig. 7).

The passage or opening 33 in the needle or guide ll permits the'passage of the shuttle, while the inclined part 34 allows the passage of the I weft thread as into the horizontal slot as which serves for guiding the weft tread until the complete formation of the mesh.

As the mesh is finished, the fabric I! which is guided at first by the roller 38 (Fig. 2) up on the fabric or cloth-roller II. I

In its rotary movement the main shaft 1 drives the g rooved cam 5 and the reed-bar I whilst the supporting lever 8 owing to the shape of guide slot ll'ofthecam llg'ivesatalltimestothe work-bar 9 the exact movement so that the warp threads and the fabric supported by the support f may have the desired movement around the back of the needles or thread-guides. This movement might also be obtained by a very short cmnecb' ,ing-rod suitably fixed to a stationary plate to The position of Fig.6 corresponds to the fall of the row of meshes which emerges fromthe iswound needles or, guides to definitely, take its place in the fabric.- The drivinsmovement of the main shaft containing the work-bar s returns backward at the" same time as the reed-bar I. The warp threads I being no longer wound about the weft thread only oscillate around the last'hole 30 (Fig.7) of the needle SI and resume a position at the rear for the formation of the loop. Finally, the workbar re-occupies the upper position, Figure 4, ready to form a new'row of loops.

Because of the character of the cam slot III the work-bar is guided, regularly and without jerk whatever its speed may be so that it produces neither slackness nor tension nor friction ot-the threads and the fabric and it thus permits all of the loops to be made with a regular tension.

The weft threads in any number necessary for the formation of the mesh, are supplied by vertical bobbins I (Figure 8) arranged at the bottom of a bobbin box 41 mounted or not on the base of the loom at a suitable place. The section specially provided with spring or rubber weft-- stretching devices 45 (Figure 9) controllable bya tension deviceand thus led to theweft drawing devices which' have for their purpose, with the aid of a Jacquard or any other equivalent arrangement, to present asuitable thread at the desired moment to the shuttle It so as'to be drawn by the latter through the series of warp loops previously formed by the needles or threadsr 4 cult is desired to make fabrics without a Jacquard or like means, that is to say, with a single thread at the right and a single thread at left, which may be the same or different, it is not possible to do it with the shuttle as it has hitherto been made, no apparatus being provided to make a the weft-drawing devices function, each of the weft'threads must remain stationary and is forcibly moved in a reverse direction when the shuttle after having taken the weft on one side returns on the other side.

' To remedy this defect, the'shuttle may be given a special form, Figures 10, 11, and 12; its ends are are in the form of a whistle as shown inFig. 10, so that the shuttle can avoid the weft threads and push them aside without drawing them or hooking them at the moment when, at the end of its travel, it enters its box on any one side of the loom and definitely causesthem to be placed in such manner that they are engaged in front of its hook 48 to be caught by the latter on the movement of the shuttle. The use of a shuttle of special form having ends in the shape of a whistle as shownin Fig; 10 and hook 'or other form, or of any similar arrangement, such as the -,employment of a shuttle without .a hook and carrying its thread in itself-by means of a cap or bobbin or the like, enables one to work with a weft-at left and a weft at right alternately, or a weftat left or one at right only if the shuttle makes-one of its picks empty without carrying the weft thread, without a Jacquard or cam or any apparatus to give it an empty movement which simplifies the working of the loom.

The rapid to and fro movement of the shuttle II is advantageously enected by two rotary shuttle-picking hammers or stickers 41 facing each other (Fig. 13), balanced or not, and operated with a sufliciently rapid rotary movement. These hammers are for instance driven by the shaft 4. of special electric motors ll, IS, with a maximum starting torque so as to give instantaneously the maximum force and speed so as to have the greatest possible picking strength.

At the end of their travel they may be pulled back by a spring or any other suitable means.

The striking surfaces of the hammers or strikers are so constructed and treated that their stroke is exceedingly clean. According to requirements (when using a weft which is coarse or fine, rough or smooth), the speed of rotation may be varied by suitable means so as to regulate the violence of the blow, for instance, by varying the length of stroke of the hammer, .its effective mass, or its balancing, by interrupting the current before the end of the stroke of the hammer,

and so on.

Amechanical device for reducing the speed to half relative to the number of revolutions of the loom or an alternating keyed distributor l6, or any other electrical combination suitably driven by the main shaft of the loom, enables one or other of the motors l1, I! for the picking of the shuttle being switched'on at the desired time.

A remote-control mechanical and electro-magneto driving arrangement enables the loom to be put in forward or backward motion or stopped,

as required, by simply operating push-buttons such as 2|, 22, 24. To put the loom in backward motion and to stop it automatically by the release of a safety device, shuttle feelers, thread feelers, fabric, tension feelers or the like are provided. Whenever an accident in working occurs, such as the shuttle not entering its box, the breakage of a warp or weft-thread, defective tension of the fabric etc., the arrangement is such that the stopped-loom, whether the stoppage was intentional or automatic, always automatically takes the working position, and if it has been stopped when it was normally working it is ready to start afresh, but it cannot restart on 'the other hand if the loom has stopped by reason of an anomaly in working whether it is driven scribed in my U. 8. application Ser. No. 680,320.

The shuttle feeler levers for breaking the'contact (Figure 14) comprise a rocking lever 49 which bears on the shuttle l9 when this latter is in its box and establishes by a roller 50, which comes to bear on a contact-breaking lever 5| that oscillates about its axis, a contact 52 on the terminal 53. When the shuttle is not in its box, the breaking of the contact takes place at the terminal 53 and the reversing cut-out driving the electric motor of the loom is then disconnected.

On the starting of the shuttle l9 and during the time corresponding to the normal duration of its travel from one side of the loom to the other, two levers arms 56, suitably adjusted and mounted for example on the reed-bar, come. to 'bear on the shuttle feelers 48 and prevent the current being interrupted during this time.

An arrangement having interposed springs (55), or any other similar arrangement, may permit, if it is thought useful, contact to be made at the terminal (54) at the end of the travel to put the motor in backward rotation which at first brakes the looms carried along by its own moment m. This reversing drive is supnected in parallel with it. It is interrupted automatically by the toothed cam l'l (Fig. 2) mounted on themain shaft 3, which has two pawls'l2 and I3, one of which l2, serves to limit the travel of the loom in a backward direction and bears normally on the cam ll, whilst the other l3 suitably arranged in the electric circuit, is normally held back bythe electro-magnet locking device I5, is liberated on the other hand by this electro-magnet in case of the release of one of the safety devices and engages with a tooth 69 of suitable form causing the backward motion by a contact 10. g

The motor rotates backwards, braking the vis viva of the loom which in its turn also rotates backwards. The cam ll then throws off the pawl 13 and interrupts the current for rearward motion which had been switched 'on when the pawl commenced to engage in the tooth 88.

Finally, the loom is stopped automatically in a desired position, as a rule, the starting position with its rotation in the normal direction, starting being only accomplished if the loom is stopped owing to an accident in working whether it be operated by the motoror by hand, if this accident has been repaired.

Figure 19 shows the electrical diagram of the whole operating mechanisms of the shuttle and the. loom such as have been hereinbefore described.

Certain fabrics, particularly light fabrics, may give rise to detrimental slackness in the selvedges by reason of the great ease with which the fabric may be pulled at its edges. To remedy this drawback a special apparatus for stretching or tensioning the selvedges (Figure 15) may be introduced after the passage of 'the fabric over the work-bar 9. This apparatus being formed, for instance by a roller 38 of small diameter and of a length slightly less than the width of the fabric I selvedges referred to.

This roller will be normally drawn by the fabric which is applied to its cylindrical part and wound automatically by the cloth roller 39, but this roller might be driven by a suitable special mechanism.

In order that the fabric may adhere better to the roller 38, the latter ,may be provided with grooves or covered with felt, canvas or emery powder glued on, or any other material or means which facilitates the adhesion that it is desired to obtain for the traction of the fabric.

The warp roller 28 is braked in the usual manner (Fig. 16) by a friction strap 51 the tension of which can be regulated by a spring 58 or driven by a special mechanical arrangement having a ratchet wheel 59, for example, (Fig. '17) combined in such a way that one or several teeth may be operated according. to the design to be obtained.

of dimculty in a regular or irregular fashiomenables open-work fabrics in the style of lace to be manufactured, alone or combined with fabrics not of openwork. These fabrics may be provided for 3 the insertion of trimmings, ribbons, lacings or the like, or simply for embroidering within or to separate, by a suitable spacing of the weft threads reed-bar 6 and the amplitudeof which will varyat a given place, the fabricsor the articles manuw factured in a more convenient manner and for an exactly calculated number of weft threads, or'

finally to separate the fabrics to such an extent that by cutting fringes can be made.

At the lower part of the loom the take-up roller 39 for the fabric is operated at a speed which is a function of the length which has Just been made,

a length which, is substantially variable according to the closeness or the openness of the fabric.

The suitable winding tension of the fabric may be obtained (Fig. 18) by means of a spring arrangement 60, pulled by an armtl fixed to the according to the point of attachment 82 of the controllable spring on this arm. The strength of pull of this spring 68 is partly counter-balanced.

by an opposing spring 63 fixed on one hand to the frame of the loom and on the other hand to a part 64, which terminates the first spring Ill fixed to a loose wheel 65 mounted on the shaft Q of'the take up roller. 5

This loose wheel 65 will then be operated with an alternative arrangement more or less great according as the lower spring i2 is as strange-am weaker than that of the .upper one.

At the upper part of this loose wheel." is mounted a pawl 61 which has for its object to opjerate on a toothed wheel 68 fixed on the take-up roller 39 and in its movement to draw the fabric to be wound more or less according to the tensio of the latter.

A stop pawl or dog 'll fixed to the support of the roller or to the frame of the loom prevents the roller 30 from turning backwards and the fabric from unrolling.- I 4 In order to be able to vary the winding strength it sufiices to select the springs, especially the lower one a, and to suitably adjust on the arm 6| the point of attachment 8! of the upper spring Thus the fabric-roller, driven in an automatic manner, takes up the fabric as it is made and at the same time gives it the necessary tension according to whether it is a thick or a light fabric, or whether it is a question of contracting,

in a regular or irregular manner, the ,convolutions made on the loom.

Having now-particularly described and ascertained the nature of my'said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

In a loom, in combination with a main frame,

stationary yarn guides secured thereto to'hold' warp threads intbe form of closed loops, means to insert weft threads through the loops to bind the V warp threads together, a lever pivotally mounted upon said frame, a drive shaft, a cam carried by said drive shaft, means for operatively connecting said cam to said lever whereby pivoting movement in a positive manner will be transmitted to saidilever, reeds secured to said lever and movable therewith between, the adjacent yarn to draw, loops of! the latter onto the enclosed, weft threads, a work bar pivotally connected to said lever, a nd cam for guiding the work bar. a stud engaged loops until the meshes are finished.

mum PHILY.

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