US2056192A - Art of making container bodies - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 6, 1936.

J. M. HOTHERSALL 2,056,192

ART OF MAKING CONTAINER BODIES Filed June 20, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet '1 Jfz'gzi INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Oct. 6, 1936.

J. M. HOTHERSALL ART OF MAKING CONTAINER BODIES Filed June 20, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 J j INVENTOR a: mm U n; 8/ a} Oct. 6, 1-936. J. M. HOTHERSALL 2,056,192

ART OF MAKING CONTAINER BODIES Filed June 20, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTO g Oct. 6, 1936.

J. M. HOTHERSALL.

ART OF MAKING CONTAINER BODIES Filed June 20, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 I o /6Z INVENTOR B ATTORNEY? Patented Get. 6, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ART OF MAKING CONTAINER BODIES Application June 20, 1933, Serial No.- 676,749

9 Claims.

The present invention relates to a method of making container bodies such as are used for holding paint, white lead and other heavy products and to apparatus for the same. It is highly desirable in such containers that the body walls be reduced in diameter at their top ends to provide necked-in containers which can be easily stacked one on top of another, the smaller diameter top of one fitting into the bottom of another. It is to the manufacture of these necked-in containers and to the simplification of manufacturing steps as well as to the production of an improved product that this invention is particularly directed.

An important object of the present invention is a method of producing this necked-in feature in a simple and effective manner as by a combi- -nation beading, rolling and spinning action performed centrally of ,a double length body section,

such action insuring against distortion or uncontrolled bending of the metal stock. This control during bending or beading is particularly important in the manufacture of larger sizes of containers which are necessarily of relatively heavy gage metal but the-present invention is also of benefit in the manufacture of containers of other sizes and of metal of other gages.

The invention also contemplates the initial production of a stronguniformly sized tubular body part having a substantial, tight side seam preferably welded which has a uniform thickness at the side seam and throughout the rest of the body part so that in bending the stock to produce the necked-in sections there are no uneven stresses set up against the bending action and a more uniform necked-in section results.

An important object of the invention is the provision of a method of progressively rolling and beading the wall to produce the necked-in section by which only a small area of the metal at a given time is undergoing a. change in shape.

The invention also provides for flanging both ends of the double tubular body in the same mechanism that produces the beading and necking-in operations, thus simplifying this part of the process.

A further step in the method contemplated is the splitting or final cutting and separating of the two fully necked-in bodies and this cutting action at the'same time turns back and partially curls the edges of the container bodies so that after severance there is produced two bodies which are flanged,'necked-in and edge curled in part and these bodies are then ready for the attachrnent of bottoms to fit them for filling.

The apparatus herein disclosed as a form found preferable up to the present time is believed to be novel in utilizing a new kind of beading operation on the body walls of the tubular bodies by progressively and laterally engaging the wall sections and moving outwardly from a central position, thus introducing a spinning action in addition to the regulation beading action.

The mechanical features associated with the cutting or splitting action are also important in 5 producing an improved container body and embody a simplification of movements as well as working parts. I

Numerous other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent as it is better under- 10 stood from the following description, which, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment thereof.

Referring to the drawings: 15

Figure l is a plan view partially broken away of a double blank showing opposite edges thinned by grinding;

Fig. 2 is a plan sectional view through parts of the grinding apparatus and illustrating the 20 relative position of the blank being ground;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of one edge of such a blank after thinning;

Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing a mandrelin cross section with forming rollers and 25 feeding devices for theblank;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the tubular shaped blank after it has passed through the forming rollers;

Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing another 30 section of the same or a diiferent mandrel and showing a tubular body on the mandrel with its edges overlapped and also showing spot welding devices for tacking the edges of the body together to hold it to a predetermined size; 35

Fig. '7 is a transverse fragmentary view of the same features taken substantially along the line 1-1 in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a plan sectional detail taken substantially along the line 8-8 in Fig. 7; 40

Fig. 9 is a schematic view illustrating the same or a different mandrel in cross section and show-' ing welding rollers for forming a continuous side scam in the body while on the mandrel;

' Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view taken 45 substantially along the line Ill-40 in Fig. 9;

Figs. 11 and 12 are schematic, longitudinal, sectional views taken through flanging and beading heads and respectively illustrating a tubular body in two beading stages; 50

Figs. 13 and 14 are schematic, longitudinal, sectional views taken through cutting heads and respectively illustrating two cutting stages in the splitting of a tubular body into two container bodies; 55

Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional detail taken substantially along the line l5--l5 in Fig. 14; and

Fig. 16 is a perspective view of one of the flanged, necked-in container bodies as produced by the various steps of operation.

A double length body sheet or blank 2| (Figs. 1 and 2) having a potential area for two container bodies is the raw material for the necked-in container bodies to be made. This blank is preferably thinned at the edges which are to enter into the side seam, so that the latter may be smoothly formed as described, and for such purpose are. passed through a grinding apparatus, fragmentarily and schematically illustrated in Fig. 2.

The blank 2| is conveyed over a table 22 by feed fingers 23 carried on two conveyor chains 24 which are moved in any suitable manner within grooves 25 formed in the top of the table 22. Each opposed side edge of the blank 2| passes between grinding rollers 26, an upper and a lower roller being mounted on each side and inclined at an angle to the faces of the sheet. Each upper roller is carried on a rotating shaft 21 extending outwardly and at a slight angle to the vertical. Each lower roller is similarly carried on a shaft 28 tilted at a similar angle but in an opposite direction to its associated shaft 21. Each grinding roller carries a ring- 29 of abrasive material and a small section of these rings engages the edges of the blank 2| as it passes between them, each edge during movement between an upper and a lower roller being ground away in a taper 30, illustrated in Fig. 3, an inclined upper wall 3| and an inclined lower wall 32 resulting. This tapering of the edgesof the blank thins it preparatory to producing a lapped side seam of diminished thickness.

This taper edged blank 2| is then rolled into open tubular form as illustrated in Fig. and designated by the numeral '33. This rolling is done by suitable apparatus, the principal parts being indicated in Fig. 4. Blank 2| is moved over the surface of a table 35 by a reciprocating feed bar 36 having feed fingers 31 and operating in grooves 38 cut in the upper surface of the table 35. The feed bar 36 may be reciprocated in any suitable manner as by a rack section 39 secured to the feed bar 36 meshing with a gear segment head 4| formed on an oscillating arm 42.

A forming mandrel 45 is located just above the table 35 and at one side and is cut away at its center to provide a chamber 46 and along its bottom to provide a slot 41. Forming rollers 48 extend partially within the slot 41 and are carried in a frame 49 which is inserted in a front section 5| of the table.

These rollers are continually rotated and are positioned one above the other. The near edge of the blank 2| upon being moved toward the mandrel 45 by the feed bar 36 engages in the bite of the rollers 48 and is carried through the rollers and up and over the forming mandrel 45.

A deflector plate 5| adjustably held by a bolt 52 is also mounted in the frame 49 and is supported on a wedge block 53. This deflector plate effects the proper bending of the stock. Guide wings 55 mounted on a rod 56 partially enclose brought to rest at a' body sizing station, still being supported upon the mandrel.

Figs. 6 and 7 show the principal operating parts at this station. The tubular member 33 is now first clamped to the mandrelqalong its top by a holding head 63 which may be-of the usual form with side wings or sizing walls 61 formed with rounded heads which are hinged at their upper ends in sockets or pockets 68 formed in the mandrel.

Before the side wings 65 have completed the wrapping of the body around the mandrel just described, the walls ,6! are moved outwardly to properly shape the mandrel to its desired cross section, this action sizing the body 66 and bringing it into a predetermined diameter.

Movement of the side wings may be effectedin any suitable manner as by a sliding plate 1| (Figs. 6, 7 and 8) which moves inside of and longitudinally of the mandrel 45. The plate isforked at its forward end into two arms 12 which are slidingly supported in blocks 13 carried in the mandrel. Each arm 12 is provided with outer extensions 14 having tapered faces 15 at their forward edges. These'faces are adapted to ride against tapered faces 16 formed in projections TI extending inwardly from the walls 61.

The rear end of the slide H is cut away at 18 and a spring l9.is located within the opening being interposed between the end of the slide and a stationary block 8| carried in the mandrel 45. This spring when not compressed holds the slide in retracted position with the mandrel walls 61 collapsed. When the mandrel walls 67 are sized as just referred to the slide H is in forward position and the projections 14 are against the projections ll of the walls 61. The mandrel walls 61 may be yieldingly tied together near their bottom free edges by a spring 82 which insures collapse of the mandrel walls when the plate H is slid back to disengage its projections 14 and the wall projections 71.

Movement of the slide H to effect this sizing action is made by a vertically movable plate 85 which extends upwardly through an opening 86 formed in the slide Plate 85 is formed with an inclined wall 81 which engages with a similar wall 88 at one end of the opening 86. Upward movement of the plate 85 is transmitted through the inclined surfaces 8'!- and 88 and moves the slide forward and then locks the slide and the mandrel walls 61 in sizing position.

Provision is made for tacking together and in separated spots, the overlapped edges 36 of the body 66 so that its sized diameter will be maintained when the body is moved from the sizing station. For this purpose there is disclosed in the drawings (Figs. 6 and-7) a welding head 9| which is formed on one end with a foot 89 which has sliding engagement at 92 in the frame of the/ machine, being held in sliding position by slide gibs 90 in the usual manner. The welding head 9| may be pivotally connected at 93 to any suitable actuating link 94 by means of which it is raised and lowered. The welding head may carry and thus actuate the plate 85 which is directly secured as shown to one side of the head.

An electrode body 95 is carried by the welding head 9| and is insulated therefrom in any suitable manner as by an interposed insulating plate 96 and this body is provided with upstanding projections 91 which constitute lower electrodes of the tacking apparatus. The upper electrode unit is located inside of the mandrel 45 and is inside of the body es clamped oh the mandrel at the sizing station.

This mandrel unit comprises an electrode body 4 IIII having projecting electrodes I02 which are in vertical alignment with the lower electrodes 31. The electrode body IIII may be insulated tion.

diameter of the bodies.

Electrical welding energy is'conveyed through the two electrode bodies 95, IIII during the tacking or tack welding operation in any suitable manner, connections with the electrode bodies being indicated in Fig. 7. For this purpose lami nated copper strips I08 are bolted directly to the lower body 95 and similar strips I01 may be held in electrical contact with the upper electrode body IOI by the clamping bolts I04. Strips I01 extend through the hollow part of the mandrel 45 as indicated in Fig. '7.

The tubular body 63 when sized and clamped on the mandrel rests with the inside lap of its overlapped edges 30 against the electrodes I92. When the welding head 9| and electrode body 95 are raised the electrodes 91 are brought against the outer lap of the tubular body wall and complete a welding circuit for an electrical current which thereupon passes through the lower and upper electrodes 91, I02 and through the interposed body wall at its overlapped edges 30 and this effects a spot welding or tacking of the engaged laps at the points of contact.

Following this spot welding action the walls 61 of the mandrel 45 are released from their expanded position by sliding of the plate 1I under the action of its spring 19 as the actuating plate backs off with the lowering of the welding head 9|. frees the body 66 from the mandrel sides and the head 63 is also moved away from clamping position. The tubular bodies 53 are then preferably moved along a tubular extension I II (Figs. 7, 9 and 10) of the mandrel 45 or they may be taken oif of mandrel 45 and placed over another mandrel the spot welds maintaining the sized The overlapped parts are then preferably moved through roller electrodes and a continuous welded seam formed in each of the tubular bodies.

These roller electrodes may be located in and adjacent to the mandrel section III which is smaller in diameter than the diameter of the body 66 to permit easy sliding movement of the body therealong. This is preferably a continuous movement and may be efiected in any suitable manner.

The roller electrodes, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, comprise an upper roller II2 mounted on a short shaft II3 which is held'in a cage II4, all of these parts being inside the hollow mandrel III. Cage H4 is secured to the mandrel by a bolt II5, an insulating strip H6 between mandrel and cage and an insulating washer II1 around the bolt insulating the cage and its electrode roller from the mandrel.

Mandrel III along its lower side is cut away at I I8 and the roller I I2 projects into this opening and its outer periphery at the bottom of the mandrel is in horizontal alignment with the lower exterior surface of the mandrel. The tubular body 66 in moving along the mandrel at this position engages the roller II2, the inner lap of This collapse of the mandrel walls the overlapped edges 30 being in electrical contact with the roller at such time.

The roller electrodes being described also in clude a lower roller I2I which is located outside of and beneath the mandrel III. This roller is mounted on a shaft I22 which is parallel to and in vertical alignment with the shaft II3 of the roller H2. The shaft I22 is carried in a cage I23 which is bolted or otherwise suitably secured to the frame of the machine. An insulating plate I24 interposed between the cage I23 and the frame electrically insulates the roller I2I from the frame.

Electrical energy passes through the electrodes II2, I2I during the time that a tubular body 66 is moving along the mandrel, the interposed lapped edges 30 completing. the path for the welding current. This path to the cage II4 may include laminated strips I25 passing inside ofthe hollow mandrel and similar strips I26 may be used for connection with the cage I23.

While the metal of the body 66 in the welding zone is in a molten condition pressure of the roller electrodes II2, I2I squeeze down and compress the interposed body wall in a side seam that is substantially the same thickness as the rest of the body wall. There is, however, very little compression to be done at such a time since the lapped tapered edges 30 collectively form a thickness barely more than the thickness desired.

The fully welded body with its continuous side seam, now designated by the numeral I3I (Figs. 11 and 12) is removed from the mandrel II I and is then placed on a pair of flanging and heading heads I32. These heads are of identical construction and are inserted into the open ends of the body. Each head I32 is carried upon or may be a part of a horizontal shaft I33 which is suitably mounted for rotation on its own axis It is the The heads I32 in coming into the body I3I move' into the position illustrated in Figs. 11 and i2 and in reaching this position the two outer edges of the body are caused to pass into the flanging grooves I35 and are deflected outwardly as they follow the walls of the grooves. Flanges I35 are thus formed at each end of the tubular body. The flanges are uniform throughout their extent since the welded side seam is of the same thickness as the rest oi. the body wall.

Each head I32 is reduced in diameter at its inner end and is formed with a stem I31. A backing-up ring l 38 is slidably mounted upon each stem I31 and is held on the stem by a clamping nut I 39 threadedly engaging the threaded end I4I of the stem. Springs I42 are interposed between each head I32 and its backing-up ring I38 and normally holds the latter against its nut I39. Each ring I38 is prevented from rotating on its stem I31 by a feather I43 which, however, allows for longitudinal sliding movement.-

The inner comer of each backing-up ring I38 is cut away and is formed with a concave annular grooved surface I46. The two concave surfaces I45 of the adjacent rings, when the heads I32 are inserted, together provide a semi-circular groove which is used in the next or beading operation now to be described.

Two beading rollers I5I are pinned to the inner ends of aiially aligned shafts I53, these sha ts heads and suitably mounted so that they may be simultaneously moved inwardly toward the flanging head shafts while still maintaining parallelism. For the first step in the beading operation the ends of the two shafts I52 are disposed in close proximity, their rollers I5I then being close together but not touching, as shown in Fig. 11.

Each roller I5I is formed with a rounded ridge or projection I53 and these cooperate, when the rollers are in the position illustrated in Fig. 11, to present a semi-circular peripheral ridge corresponding in contour to the semi-circular groove of two cooperating rings 138.

To-eifect the beading operation the shafts I52 are moved inwardly as a unit toward the shafts I33 and the rounded projections I53 of the beading rollers press against and reshape the tubular body I3I along its median region. It will be understood that the can body is rapidly turning with the rotating flanging heads I32 and the rollers I5I are correspondingly rotated. The metal of the body which is engaged by the rollers is thus gradually and progressively forced inwardly until ironed down against the concave walls i46 of the backing-up rings I38. ran annular bead I55 results, Fig. 11 illustrating the completion of this part of the beading operation.

The bead I55 is used as an intermediate shape in forming the necked-in portion of the container body being manufactured. As a further step this bead is then widened by a continuation of the rolling action plus a'separation of the beading rollers I5I as their shafts I52 are drawn apart along their aligned axes. The rotating shafts I52 at such time are still maintained in parallelism with and at the same distance from the rotating beading head shafts I33.

During this separation of the shafts and the beading rollers the projecting ridges I53 of the rollers pressing through the confined wall of the tubular body I3I force apart the backing up rings I38 moving them outwardly on their stems I31 against the action of the springs I42. These movements widen the narrow bead I55 into an elongated bead I56 (as shown in Fig. 12).

The body I3I during this beading action is confined between the flanging projections I34 of the flangingheads I32 and the metal of the wall is gradually pressed inwardly in a combined beading andl, spinning action which is much easier on the metal stock in the body avoiding any sudden -or intense strains which would necessarily be present in straight die action. It is this beaded section I56 which provides the necked-in parts of the container bodies being made. The body I3I in its present state is now a double body which requires-only splitting along its center to produce the two desired container bodies.

The beading roller shafts I52 are then move back and away from the double body on the flanging heads I32 and the latter are then withdrawn from the body. In this withdrawing action the springs I42 pressing their associated backing up rings I38 against the walls of the bead I56 assist in knocking off or disengaging the beaded body I3I from the beading heads. The double body I 3i is thereupon positioned upon cutting heads I6I, I62 (Figs. 13 and 14 The head I6I is mounted upon the end of a tubular member I63 which is formed with an outwardly projecting flange I64 against which one gaged rotating position the tubular body I3I is the cutting heads.

and hold the head I6l tight against the projection I64. 7

The head I62 ismounted in a similar manner upon a member I66, the inner end of the head resting against a projecting flange I61.

hold the head I62 in position against its flange projection l61.

The members I63, I66 are suitably mounted for rotation on a common axis and are movable longitudinally of that axis. The members are sep arated one from another a distance'suflicient to allow positioning of the beaded tubular body I3I between their adjacent ends and the members are thereupon moved inwardly toward each other and their ends are inserted into the open ends of the body and into the position illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14. In this position the projections I1I, I12 ofthe respective cutting heads I6I, I62 are against the flanged ends of the tubular bodyclamping the body in position for cutting. It will be understood that the body I3I, the heads I6I, I62 and the members I63, I66 are all rotated in unison on a central longitudinal axis.

Two backing-up rollers I15 are mounted upon and pinned to a shaft I16 which is parallel to the axis of the members I63, I66. The shaft I16 is suitably mounted for rotation on its own axis and also for parallel movement toward the cutting heads and the members I63, I66.

With the tubular body I3I clamped between the cutting heads I 6 l, I62 and rotating therewith, the shaft I16 is moved inwardly and the rollers I15 are brought into engagement with the tubular body. These rollers I15 are formed with rounded corners as illustrated, the outer roller surface fitting in the curved side walls of the mead I56. Rollers H5 and shaft I16 rotate in unison with the cutting'heads. While in this enslit centrally of its bead'ed section I56 separating it into two parts.

The actual cutting or splitting is effected by a cutting disc I8! pinned on a shaft I82 which is eccentrically mounted in a bushing I83, the latter being eccentrically mounted within the member I66 (see also Fig. 15). The shaft I82 extends beyond the ends of the bushing I63 and is held against longitudinal movement in the bushing by the disc I8! on one end and by a collar I84 pinned on the other end.

The cutting disc I 8I when thecutting heads I6I, I62 are in bodyclamping position is disposed within the space between the ends of the members I63, I66 and a sharp peripheral cutting surface of the disc aligns with the space between The bushing I83 is extended laterally, beyond one end of the member I66, into an operating arm I85 and this may be moved in any suitable manner torotate the bushing I83 within its'bearing in the member 166. The resulting eccentric movement shifts the cutting disc I 8I outwardly from the position illustrated in Fig. 13 against and through the wall of the body I3I into the position illustrated in Fig. 14.

Rotation of the parts in addition to this shifting movement of the cutting disc splits the tubular double body into two identical container bodies I86 (Fig. 16). The backing-up rollers- I 15 and the shaft I16 are thereupon moved away and the container bodies are taken off of the cut- Lock- :5 -nuts I68 threadedly engaging the member I66 has a welded side seam I89 and a necked-in top It is thought that the invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that. various changes may be made in the form, construction, and arrangement of parts of the apparatus mentioned herein and in the steps and their order of accomplishment of the process described herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the apparatus and process hereinbefore described being merely a pre ferred embodiment thereof.

I claim:

1. The method of making necked-in container bodies which comprises, providing a blank having the potential area, of two container bodies, thinning the edges of the blank which are to become adjacent, bending said blank into tubular form, connecting the adjacent edges in a side seam to provide a tubular double body, pressing an annular bead around said body, and splitting said body centrally of said bead to provide two necked-in container bodies.

2. The method of makingcylindrical neckedin container bodies which comprises, providing a blank having the potential area of two container bodies, thinning the edges of the blank which are to become adjacent, bending said blank into cylindrical form, connecting the adjacent edges in a side seam to provide a cylindrical double body, pressing an annular bead around said body I midway between its ends, wideningsaid bead by progressively spreading its 'side walls, and splitting said body centrally of' said widened bead to provide two duplicate necked-in container bodies. 3. The method or making necked-in container bodies which comprises, providing a blank having the potential area of two container bodies. grinding an end edge of the blank to reduce its thickness, bending said blank into tubular form with opposed edges overlapped and including said thinned edge, connecting the overlapped edges in a side seam to provide a tubular body, pressing an annular bead around said body, and splitting said body centrally of saidbead'to provide two duplicate necked-in container bodies.

4. The method of making necked-in container bodies which comprises, providing a blank having the potential area of two container bodies, grinding two opposed end edges of the blank to reduce their thickness, bending said blank into tubular form withits thinned edges overlapped, connecting the overlapped edges in a side seam of substantially the same thickness as the thickness of the blank to provide a tubular body, pressing an annular bead around said body midway between its ends, and splitting said body centrally of said bead to provide two necked-in container bodies.

5. The method of making necked-in container bodies which comprises, providing a blank having the potential. area oi two container bodies, thinning the edges 01 the blank which are to become adjacent, bending said-blank into tubular form,

connecting the adjacentedges in a welded side seam to provide a double length tubular body, fianging both ends of said double body, pressing an annular bead around said body midway between itsflanged ends, and splitting said body centrally of said bead to provide two necked-in container bodies.

6. The method of making necked-in container bodies which comprises, providing a blank having the potential area of two container bodies, grinding two opposed end edges of the blank to reduce their thickness, bending-said blank into tubular Iorm, connecting the thinned edges in a welded side seam of substantially the same thickness as that of the rest of the blank to provide a double length tubular body, iianging both ends of said double body, pressing an annular bead around said body midway between its flanged ends,and splitting said body centrally of said bead to provide two necked-in container bodies.

'7. The method of making cylindrical neckedin container bodies, which comprises, providing a double body blank, thinning the edges of the blank which are to become adjacent, rolling said blank into cylindrical form over a mandrel, sizing the rolled blank to exact diameter by expanding a part of said mandrel, uniting the edges of said blank at intervals to hold it in sized condition to provide a double body, welding the said body in a side seam along its held edges, pressing an annular bead centrally of and into the exterior wall said blank to hold it to its exact diameter, weldingthe held edges of said blank in a side seam having substantially the same thickness as the rest of the blank wall to provide a double cylindrical body, pressing an annular bead centrally of and into the exterior wall of said cylindrical body,

widening said bead by progressively spreading its side walls, and dividing said double body into two duplicate necked-in container bodies by splitting it while cutting outwardly through its wall in the middle of said bead and at the same time turning back and curling the edges 01' the divided container bodies.

9. The method of making cylindrical neckedin container bodies, which comprises, providing a double body blank, thinning the edges of the blank which are to become adjacent, rolling said blank into cylindrical form over a mandrel to provide a body, sizing the rolled body to exact diameter by expanding apart of said mandrel, uniting engaged edges of said body to hold it to its sized diameter, welding the held edges of said blank ina side seam to provide a double-cylindrical body, flanging both ends of said body, pressing an annular bead centrally of and into the exterior wall of said body to provide a necked-in section, widening said bead by progressively spreading its side walls and forming a larger necked-in section, and dividing said body into two necked-in container bodies by cutting outwardly through its wall in the middle of said bead. JOHN M. HOTHERSAIL.

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