US2054573A - Brick construction - Google Patents

Description

ySept. 1.5, 1936. E MENDENHALL 2,054,573

BRICK CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 7, 1936 ATTORN EYS Patented Sept. 15, 1936 @i BVRIRCK CONSTRUCTION Lloyd E. Mendenhal'lpPartridge, Kans., assignor to David A. Wallace,V Detroit, Mich.

Application February 7, 1936,V ySerial No. 62,761

The present invention 'relates to lmetalv reine forced Wall members and the Wallsjbuilt therefrom and constitutes an improvement'on the copending applications of David A.'Walla1ce,'Serial No; 54,182, iiled December 13,v 1935, and Serial No. 60,969,1fuedJanuary-27', 1936.

VThe primary object of the presentinven'tion is to` provide means for assemblingbricks or other facing elements into a Wall structure, themeans being formed of channel like members which are adapted to be secured directly to theV studs or supports of a building frame whereby the'brick's or facing elements may be snapped thereinto after the channel members have beeri'assembled in the Wall'. Accordingly the formation of the brick Wall is materiallyisimplied inasmuch as the" necessity forskille'd labor fo`r"layir1gA the' bricks or facing eiements is obviated and the conventional foundation for a brick Wall is not necessary because each row of bricksis individually supported by the channel members which are secured directly to the studs or supports of the building frame.V The .individuale support of` achirovf 'of bricks or other facing elements has the advantage that mortar may be placed in the voids between the bricks or facing elements `after the Wall has been completely assembled, the result being that the mortar has no effect on the spacing of the bricks and therefore the V.Wall is not subject to sagging when the mortar sets. Generally speaking, Walls incorporating the above advantages are disclosed in the co-pending applications above referred to and this invention has more to do with the particular formation of the channel like member for supporting the bricks or other facing elements and'also to the means for insulating them, both as to heat and cold and also as to sound.

. An important object of the present invention is to provide a Wall assembly comprised of bricks or other facing elements and metal supports therefor and for insulating material, the insulat-- ing material being supported by the: metal sup; ports in a manner to provide dead air spaces, Which increase the ability of the assembled Wall to prevent the transmission of heat or cold Vtherethrough andralso sounds. L

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a channel for the above purpose having flexible side Walls with retainer portions into which bricks or other facing elements may be snapped after the'channels have been assembled in afwall, the said channels being provided with rust proof portions which prevent oxidation of the portions thereof which are contacted by mortarfwhich is subsequently placed in the voids between the bricks. In connection with the treatmenttfr "preventing oxidation of the channel Walls,` `the side Walls of the channels are partially galvanized,that is to say, a suicient surface thereof is galvanized-to prevent Contact of mortartherewith'so 4astoobviate oxidation of thewalls or chemical action which might result from acid, lime, etc.,v which might bepresent'ofl the mortar. I-Iovvever, galvanizing the Walls of thej channel which is formed of steel draws the temper therefrom and destroys to aV certain extent-"the resiliency thereof so that it becomes necessary in order to permit the snapping in function of the bricks or other facingvelement to'provi'defor resiliency ini portions which are not galvanized and also to prevent the'mortar from contacting with the ungalvanized resiliency providing portions.

i rWith :the aboveand other ends in viewthe invention is more Yfully disclosed with reference to the acc'mpairyingdrawing, in which Y -Y i Y Figure 1 isa vertical cross section of a Wall; Fig. 2 is a; vertical section illustrating a modification;l v

' Figs.v 3. 4 and 5 are sections each illustrating different embodiments of the invention, and

A(i is a'section :illustrating the" galvanized portion. v e v Like characters of reference are employed throughout to ldesignate corresponding parts.

Referring to'Fi'g. l, the numeral I designates afvertical support or studV of a building. Secured theretoh'by 'nails 2v are a plurality of channel members each comprising a corrugated Web portion 3 and side walls l having integral shoulders 5 providing for theA retentionrof a layer of brous insu1ating material 6 in Contact with the corrugated web 3. The side Walls of the channels are provided with` `external shoulders 1 against whichinsulatior retainers 8 engage and with retainer portions 9 adapted to engage in grooves or recesses IllV in bricks. or` facing elements Il. The nails 2 areY provided with comparatively large diameter heads I2 and are driven through previously formed Yapertures in the channel members in close AVprroerimity to the side Walls 4 so that .the heads l2`on the nailsinserted in one channel member overlap andy engage the exterior surfaces ofthe .shoulders v5Y1 on the4 next adjacent channel dmnember'. le't'ivven theshoulders 5 on adjacent pairsY of. channel members and be: neath theretainer 8 is Aprovided a layer of fibrous insulating "materiall, A layer of fibrous insuevo lating material I4 is interposed between each web 3 and the support I to which it is secured.

In assembling a wall embodying the elements above described the channel is first secured to the support and the facing elements Il are snapped between the side walls of the channel which are resilient so that the retainers 9 on the side Walls engage the surfaces of the grooves l0 and support thefacingV elements. The insulating material I3 is then put in place with its retainer 8 and the voids between the bricks are lled with mortar I5. After the mortar becomes set it prevents flexing of the side walls of the channels so that the retainers 9 are positively held in the grooves I0. It will be notedthat the rear faces IS of the facing elements are supported by the retainers 9 in spaced relation to the surfaces Il of the insulating material and that an air pocket IS is thus provided.

The channels for supporting the facing elefnients extend across the entire'width of the wall te. he formed and any desired number ef feieins elements may be Pleeeel in eed te end. reletien in each .ehanrlel- When the brieke are Pleeed in end to end relation in the channels they Vare soeeed apart in the usuel mermer and the Spaces, therebetween are lled with mortar. This mortar between the ends Qf. the brises entere the Speee ne and tends no beck 1r off et the en@ if each. brick. This feature has the advantage that it breaks the space vIt into a series of relativelyv short air pockets and precludes the possibility of air circulating therethrough which might convey heat or cold.

1n the f-Olm. illustrated in Fg- 2 the QQnStm tion is almost identical to that described above. In this form the corrugated web 3d has side walls 4a with a shoulder 5a supporting a layer of insulation 6a on the inside of the web. A layer of `fibrous insulation Irv3a is placed between adjacent pairs of channels and is held in place prior to the insertion o f mortar Ida by flexible fingers I9 which are struck out from the side walls 4a adjacent to the retainer portions 9a. In addition the side walls 4d are extended beyond the web 3d and then bent over to provide portionsv gli for retaining the insulation material ,IIIrzv with respect to the web 3a. The form disclosed in Fig. 2 is assembled in a wall in a manner similar to that described above, the only exception being that nails 2l are driven between adjacent pairs of channel members rather than through preformed openings therein as was described in connection wie@ ne. 1..

Referring to Fig. 3 there is illustrated a channel of the character above described having a web no1-tion 3b and side walls 4b formed with shoulders 5b for retaining insulating material 6b between the side walls. In this form the insulating maten@ Hl? is retnd With TGSPQC t0, the web 3b by angular elements 22 which are welded to the side walls 4b and which have portions 23 engaging .the under Surface, or the insulating ma teria ub,

Referring to Fig. 4 there is illustrated a channel member having a corrugated web 3c and means for supporting a layer of insulation 6c with respect theretoin the manner above described. secured, by rivets 24 to the outside surface of the web 3c are two channel members 25 into which the ends of the insulating material I 4c project. rIhe channel members 25 serve to retain the insmeren 14e with respect t@ @he mam che nel in a manner providing an air pocket 26 be-` tween the outside surface of the web 3c and the insulation I 4c.

In Fig. 5 there is illustrated a channel wherein the side walls 4d are formed as separate units and are united by a web 3d of corrugated formation and having side anges 21 which are Welded to the inner surfaces of the side Walls 4d. The side walls 4d have their lower edges turned inwardly at .2Q to support a. fibrous insulating element 29. The edges of the insulating element 29 are interposed between the inturned portions 28 and the bottom edges 30 of the anges 21 on the web portieri 3d and the insulation is thus maintained in spaced relation to the web 3d whereby to provide an air pocket 3|.

"In Fig. 6 there is illustrated a feature of the invention which is applicable to all the forms above described. The channel formation and insulation are substantially the same as that described in connection with Fig. 1 and therefore the same reference characters may be applied thereto. The line 32 on Fig. 6 represents the plane of the inner surface of the facing element which might be received between the retainers 9 on the side walls 4. Ilue to the fact that mortar contains acid, lime or other chemicals which tend to cause rapid oxidation of the retainer portions 9 the ,Seid retainer pork-tions. ere galvanized in,- dicated by the stipling on the drawing. The side walls. 4 have a zone 33 which is also galvanized, the said zone extending beneath the plane 3,2 of the facing element. Referring to l it will be seen that the insulation I3 and its retainer 8. or to the insulation I3@ in Fig. V2,'it will be seen that such insulation prevents mortar from passing the plane of the inside surface of the bricls or" facing elements I t is therefore impossible for mortar to contact with the portions 34 oi' the side walls and they need not be galvanized. Due to the fact that galvanizing steel tends to draw the temper therefrom the galvanized portions of the channel members do not incorporate any high degree of elasticity but the ungalvanized portion 34 tends toresiliently support the relatively non-resilient portions so that the bricks may be snapped into the retainers@ and the said retainers will be rmly held by resilient pressure ofV portions 34A in engagement with the walls of the grooves IQ.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood that various changes may be made in the details of construction without departing from the spirit of the invention and such changes are contemplated.

What I. .Gleim is# l. In combination, a support, channel members secured to said support,v facing elements hav'- CTI ing portions projecting into said channel membersVv and supportedthereby, and layers of insulation between said channel members and said support and between 'the faces of said Yfacing hele;V

ments and the bottoms of said channels respectively.

2. In combination, a support, channel members secured to said support, said channel members comprising a pair of side walls united by la webportion and being secured to said support, a layer of insulation between said channel mem-v ber and said support, facing elements projecting between the side walls of said channel member and supported thereby, and a layer of'insulation between said facing elements and the webs of said channels. l'

3. I-n combination, a support, channel members secured to said support, said channel members comprising a pair of side walls united by a web portion and being secured to said support, a layer of insulation between said channel member and said support, facing elements projecting between the side walls of said channel member and supported thereby, and a layer of insulation between said facing elements and the webs of said channels, said last named layer of insulation being supported by said channels in spaced relation to the facing elements whereby to provide a dead air pocket. Y

4. In combination, a support, channel members secured to said support, said channel members comprising a pair of side walls united by a web portion and being secured to said support, a layer of insulation between said channel member and said support, facing elements projecting between the side walls of said channel member and supported thereby, and a layer of insulation between said facing elements and the webs of said channels, said web portion being corrugated whereby to space apart said layers of insulation and to provide a plurality of dead air spaces.

5. In combination, a support, a plurality of channel members secured to said support in parallel relation, facing elements received in said channel members and supported thereby, a layer of insulation between the bottoms of said channels and said facing elements and spaced from said facing elements whereby to provide dead air spaces, mortar between said facing elements, and insulating means between adjacent pairs of channel members disposed to prevent contact of said mortar while in plastic condition with predetermined portions of said channel member.

Y 6. In combination, a support, a plurality of channel members secured to said support in parallel relation, facing elements received in said channel members and supported thereby, a layer of insulation between the bottoms of said channels and said facing elements and spaced from said facing elements whereby to provide dead air spaces, mortar between said facing elements, and insulating means between adjacent pairs of channel members disposed to prevent contact of said mortar while in plastic condition with predetermined portions of said channel member, the portions of said channel members which are contacted by said mortar being coated with a rust proofing medium.

7. In a construction of the character described, a channel comprising a pair of exible side walls united by a web portion, said side walls having retainer portions adapted for the reception of facing elements, and means for supporting a layer of insulation on each side of said web.

8. In a construction of the character described, a channel comprising a pair of flexible side walls united by a web portion, said side walls having retainer portions adapted for the reception of facing elements, means for retaining a layer of insulation between said side walls, and means for supporting a layer of insulation on the outside face of said web.

9. In a construction of the character described, a channel comprising a pair of flexible side walls united by a web portion, said side walls having retainer portions adapted for the reception of facing elements, means for retaining a layer of insulation between said side walls, and means for supporting a layer 'of insulation on the outside face of said web, said web having a series of corrugations therein spacing said layers of insulation apart and providing a plurality of dead air pockets.

10. In a construction of the character described, a channel comprising a pair of flexible side walls united by a web portion, said side walls having retainer portions adapted for the reception of facing elements, means for retaining a layer of insulation between said side walls, and means for supporting a layer of insulation in parallel spaced relation to the outside surface of said web.

1l. In a construction of the character de scribed, a channel comprised of a pair of side walls united by a web portion, said side walls I walls between the rust proofed portions and said .i

web being resilient whereby to yieldably space apart said retainer portions.

12. A channel member comprising resiliently flexible side walls united by a web portion, said side walls having retainer portions, facing elements received in said retainer portions, means for retaining an insulating member between said side walls and in spaced relation to said facing elements, and means for retaining an insulating element on the exterior face of said web.

13. A channel member comprising resiliently iiexible side walls united by a web portion said side walls having retainer portions, facing elements received in said retainer portions, means for retaining an insulating member between said side walls and in spaced relation to said facing elements, means for retaining an insulating element in parallel spaced relation to said web, and means for retaining insulation between adjacent pairs of channels.

LLOYD E. MENDENHALL.

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