US2042979A - Drier - Google Patents

Description

`Fune 2, 936. o. s. ANDERSON ET AL 292,979A A DRIER '7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 18, 1934 f fr A Jun@ 2, 1936 o.' s. ANDERSON ET AL 2,042,979

DRIER 7 sheets-sheet 2 Filed April 18, 1934 Sm .E DI? NAN Gttornegs.

June 2, i936.

O. S. ANDERSON ET AL DRIER Filed April 18, 1934 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Affi/II l mm. Z

"Wim

- 7 sheets-sheet 4 June 2, 1936. o. s. ANDERSON ET Al.

YDRIER Filed April 18, 1934 Jun.: 2, 1936.

` o. s. ANDERSON ET Al.

DRIER Filed April 18, 1934 7 Sheets-Sheet I5 Cittornegs.

June 2, 1936^ o. s. ANDERsoN ET Al. 2,042,979

DRIER Filed April 18, 1934 nnentors.

l Jun@ m36 o. s. ANDERSON ET AL. 2,042,979

DRIER Filed April 18, 1954 '7 Sheets-SheetV 7 'Il 2 l Fay/720125Z.' .711(75150 Bg s l I I Y (Ittofneg' Patented June 2, 1936 UNITED STATES p DRIER corporation of Ohio Application April 18, 1934, Serial-No. 721,226

33 Claims.

This invention relates to driers, and pertains' more particularly tothat Ytype wherein the material toV be treated is introduced at or adjacent one end of the structure and travels toward a .discharge opening at the other end, the material duringits-movement being cascaded over a lcage or series of heated pipes carried by a rotary structure located Within a stationary outer casing. Mounted upon. and movable over the pipes are Scrapers which act to remove any accumulated material from the pipes, and the manner of connecting and actuating the Scrapers forms one feature of the invention.

In driers of the general type above described,

. particularly Where the material is adherent, the

scraper elements, or certain o1" them, have a tendency to `compact the material against the ends orv heads which support the pipes. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide means whereby this compaction is precluded, or, if'it inheres, the compacted` mass is disrupted so that the resultant pieces or particles may be readily picked up and cascaded.

With this and other advantages of structure and operation in View, reference is had to the annexed drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 isa `side elevation, with parts broken away, and the cover and pan in section, ofthe forward end of the drier, and illustrative more particularly of the variable feed mechanism, the drivingmeans,4 and the exhauster or suction fan;

Fig. 2, a transverse vertical sectional viewtaken onA the line II-II ofFig. l;

Fig. 3, a plan view, partly in section, with the cover or enclosing shell removed;

Fig. 4, a Vertical sectional View of the intake end of the machine, illustrating more particularly the driving means for rotating Ythecascading drum and the heating pipes located therein, as well as moving the scrapers to and fro over the pipes;

Fig, 5, a sectional view on a somewhat enlarged scale, illustrative of certain details of the mechanism employed for driving the Scrapers back and.

' end of the drier, disclosing the outlet for dried =material and the means whereby the heating medium is caused to flow through the pipe elements;

Fig. 8, a detail sectional view onV the linev VIII-VIII of Fig. l0, of the annular spreader for -the compacted material at the discharge end of the: apparatus and illustrative more particularly of its cross-section form and the manner in which itis secured to the adjacent head;

Fig, 9, a transverse vertical sectional View, taken on line IX-IX of Fig. 4, showing the pan, the drum and allied parts .looking toward the intake end of the drier;

Fig. 10, a similar viewlookingtoward the dis.- charge end andtaken on the line X-X of Fig. 7;

Fig. 11; a perspective view of the drum body;

Fig. 12, a like view` illustrating two of the pipe scraper elements, showing the manner in which they are connected and also the attachment of they forward one (at left oi' gure) to the shaft employed'to reciprocate the Scrapers;

Fig. 13, a sectional elevation of the annular cone-shaped .member employedA to disruptthe compacted material at the discharge end of the drier;

Figs.'v 14 and.. 15, transverse vertical sectional Views taken on the lines XIV-XIV and XV--XV, respectively,l off'Fig. '7 and illustrating more particularly the passages for the flow of the heating medium through one ofthe drum and pipe-supporting heads; i and Fig. 16, a` longitudinal sectional View taken on the line XVI-XVI of Fig. 10, and depicting the passages just referred to, together withzthe pipes.

In the drawings, I denotes a base or frame upon which is mounted and secured a bottom 2V semicircular in cross section and closed by ends 3 and t, thus in eect forming a semi-circular trough.

Secured to the base I and extending along each oi theupperlongitudinal edges of the trough are angle irons Sand 6, respectively, with one elementY extending outwardly and forming a. seat for a cover-1, Fig. 1.4 Said cover extends throughout substantially two-thirds olf-the length of the structure and stands Well away at its upper portion from the drying means shortly to be described, so that the vapor driven oii as the result of the drying action can readily rise away from the material and thus preclude a cooking action in the drier. An exhaust fan 8 is connected to the upperV portion of cover I anddraws oiany vapors, A second and lower cover 9, Figs. 1 and 2, is employed to enclose the forward or intake end of the machine.

The .heating pipes with which the material to be dried comes into contact, are denoted throughout. by. II andy are associatedI with and serve to rotate the two heads I2 and` I3 through means later described. Said heads are located at opposite ends of the drying chamber ( members 2, 3, 4, 'I and 9).

The construction of the head I2 is such that the pipes II extend through openings formed therein, or, more specifically, through openings formed in the inclined faces of the annular material spreader I4, which is cone-shape in cross section, (see more particularly Figs. 3 and 4), andwhich, in the form shown, is integral with the head I2. In the instant case, the pipes are shown as provided with blocks or closures IIa inward of the cone-shape spreader or deector I4, which blocks are permanently held Within the pipe. 'I'his is brought about by abutting adjacent ends of pipe sections and welding the same together, and to a block I Ia which projects into the adjacent ends of the pipe sections. See Figs. 3 and 4.

By leaving the outer ends of the pipes open, air may freely enter the same and maintain those portions of the pipes which extend from the block outwardly through the deector in a relatively cool condition. At the opposite end, the pipes extend through openings formed in a second cone-shape deflector or spreader I6 (see Figs. '7, 8 and 13), and are threaded into openings formed in the inner face of an annular exhaust chamber II formed upon or in the head I3. See more particularly Fig. 16.

A' series of smaller diameter pipes I8 is connected with a supply chamber I9, Fig. 7, formed in head I3 extending into and through pipes II, the opposite ends of the pipes I8 terminating short of the blocks IleL (Figs. 3 and 4). Said pipes are preferably arranged in two spaced annular series, the pipes in each series being spaced from each other as most clearly indicated in Fig. 14.

The annular spreader I6, (see Figs. '7, 8, 13 and 16), is formed separate from head I3 and is secured to the inner face thereof by machine screws 2I passing through openings 22 and into threaded openings formed in the head. Head I3 is formed on its outer face with two concentric outwardly extending collars or annular anges 23 and 24, to the former of which is secured an elongated and substantially tubular member 25. At its inner end, said member is so contoured as to be in communication with exhaust chamber II through the space between the collars.

A steam supply pipe 26 extends through member 25 in spaced relation thereto and is in direct communication with the supply chamber I9. A Washer 2'I secured to the outer end of collar 24 encircles pipe 26 and shuts off communication at that point between the inlet and exhaust passages. As will be best seen upon reference to Figs. 14, 15 and 16, the head casting I3 is so cored as to ensure proper flow of the heating medium.

.Member 25 forms one of the axles or supports for the rotatable elements of the drier, (see Fig. '7). It extends through bearings denoted generally by 28 mounted and secured Within a box-like housing 29, adjustably carried for alignment with the bearing elements at the opposite end of the mechanism by a rigid bracket structure 3|. At its outer end, member 25 carries a stufing box 32 into which pipe 25 is secured in communication with a steam supply 33. An exhaust pipe 34 also opens into the chambered portion of the box. Any suitable form of mounting for the head I3 may, of course, be employed with other features of the invention.

Heads I2 and I3 are secured to each other in rigid spaced relation by a drum, preferably of the form shown in detail in Fig. 11. It may be said to be formed of two metallic sheets 35 and 36, each of semi-circular form. One edge of each section is provided with an inwardly projecting ange 3l, while the opposite edge is cut away to produce a plurality of arms 38, the ends whereof are bent inwardly as at 39, said ends overlying the flange of the adjacent flange to Which they are riveted or otherwise secured.

To each side of each of the arms, the metal on the downgoing side or edge of each of the elements 35 and 3S is bent outwardly, forming scoops or litters 4I which act to gather the material from the lower portion of the drier and to introduce it into the drum through the longitudinally disposed openings formed to each side of the straps. The drum at each end, see Figs. 3 and 11, is formed With a series of longitudinally extending arms or ngers 42, which overlie the heads I2 and I3 and to which they are rigidly secured.

As the drum is rotated, the material thus picked up is cascaded onto the reel of heated pipe within the drum, where it is not only heated but to a great degree broken up should it be in masses. As will be seen upon reference to Figs. 9 and 10, the material as it drops will pass out through the then lowermost opening and be again picked up by the next moving scoop or element 4I.

To the inner face of each arm, and so positioned that they abut the respective annular' spreaders I4 and I6, are wedge elements 43, V- shaped in cross-section and inclined to the inner surface of the drum.

In other words, each of these elements presents an exposed inclined edge which slants upwardly toward the outer end of the drum or the adjacent annular spreaders, and

two side faces which latter diverge toward the',

end of the drum at which they are located. These wedge-shaped elements likewise act as disrupters or spreaders upon the material as the same is or may be compacted through the action of the pipe Scrapers. larly Figs. 3 and 12, may be said to comprise a series of spaced plate-like members, annular in outline.

Three of such members are shown and are 40 f Said Scrapers, see more particunumbered 44, 45 and 4B, respectively, and each is provided with openings as 4'! through which the heating pipes II extend. These Scrapers are not rigidly aiiixed to each other but are connected Y somewhat loosely by rods 48 having nuts on their ends with spacing tubes 49 placed on the rods and intermediate adjacent plates. This manner of connection permits the scrapers to acccmmodate themselves to any moderate degree of sag of the pipes which may occur after extended use.

The length of the spacing tubes is madeV slightly shorter in the aggregate than the overall length of the rods 48 between the nuts secured upon the outer ends thereof, so as to provide a degree of lost motion in the movement of the Scrapers back and forth. Being suspended loosely upon the rods, the scraper plates take different bearing positions on the pipes during screws-..511 passing through. the

w noted generally by.' Git, secured'.y

are two contracting: rings 5.8

the;Y rotation of theadrnm; including theheads' and thepipes, are eifected through amechanism. about'. to-be described, all ofthe, driving* Dalits for producing such. motions; the, drier proper.

Scraper element 46 formed with an inwardly' prbiectng'annular flange 5I', and extending inwardly therefrom are. arseries on spokes. whichy terminate attheir inner-ends: in a hub-like: ele.- ment 53;. Said-.huh ntted oir the inner-reduced end of anshaf-tV A; bong-:keyed thereto as at: 55;.A A coverplatei 5.6 of' a diameter'such as to. cover.v the shaft. ondas well as ythe..adjacent end. of the hub. isfsecn'red in place bya plurality: of cap plate and. into the shaft` end.. This plate,- while,- assisting inl se,- curingf the; hub to the.y shaft, likewiseaprovidles. a. coverr and preventsingressf 'off material under:- going:l treatment.. or the. oil thereitrom pass..- ing. in betweentheshaft. and

It is to be. noted thatv the. edge of eaclrspoke 5.2. which' faces toward the' head IZ; is beveled or1 brought. to a, sharp.- edge; 528,. see. Figs. 4 and, 9... It Willi also be. apparent' upon. an inspection. of; Fig.. 4, that said edgesliey parallel to the inner.v edge of' webs 58', extending inwardly fromthe. innervface oi; the. head. Ila-nd.' terminating inthe centrally disposed cylindrical hublike-element 5,9.

Extending. through-` the hunl land surrounding the adjacent portion of' shaft 54 and in` spacedy relation thereto. is an elongated hollow shaft or sleeve GIL, the same. being keyed at 54ai to.. head I2 and likewise to a. gearflla..V The; hollow shaft adjacent gear B2' is. supported. in. a. bearing deto aflxed' member 64 ofthe machine framm. (see more particularl'y- Figs. 3 and 4);..

To provide a support. forthe: shaft-'54: adjacent the head |12', the innermost end. of the hollowshaft/65|. is cut out to increase its internal: diameter; forminga. sea-.t for a bear-.ing sleeve Collar 66 is mounted on the outerendl of the; hollow'sha-ft and is. secured thereon by' arr-element 61. Mounted the. collar orffcap-piece 66 and 6.9, the former bearing directly against the.y addacentfend of the. sleeve 65 and serving to; hold. thev same in itsv properposition.A Furthermore, the. ringsV preclude passage of oil along the shadtin either direction. The. construction. as:l above sety forth, ensures` ai proper support; for thev intake end of. the drum and its allied parts, while. still permittingy free movement ofthe shaft'. 5t to. move the, Scrapers as will now be described.

Outward of `gea-r 62 the. shaftextends through a bearing 1=I', composed. of upper' `and lower sections. supported by a fixed' frame element 112i with. an interposed babbitt. bearingV 13.

Member 1I .is formed with an annular4 groove 1I!vr exteriorl'y thereof anda. transversely extending: key or4 bar 15 isseated in the uppermost portion of the groove, the key, (seeliigs. 5i andi 6);, likewise. extending through. the seat: formed in the inner face of the babbitt at such point, which babbittfin turn extends upwardly lntofa, transversely extending openingv or recess 1'1 formed in the.4 upper portion of the frame element 12. A set screw 18y extends: through frame element 152", and at its lower end contacts key' 15 preferably ad- -jacent one end `thereof, thus-l locking the key againstl any movement under normal operation ofthe machine.

The upper portion of bearing 1I is provided with an extension 19 and frame member" 122 is Jprovid'edwith va similar extension `llI and aligning' being-located rmtsidezofl openings are .fmzmed therein. Mounted in; each2 is: a tubularv member :82. and` of these. elements; 83, respectively, preferably formed of hard. steel andextending: through which a.shear pi-rrMV produced. from: a softer steel.. This pin holdsztheparts in the position, shown under normal opera,u tion. of the. machine, but should the Scrapers-becomeY wedged or prevented from. moving; through their normal' pathsg the: member 1-I Vwill bev czuxsed to. rotate,4 thereby shearing pin 84 and thusv dis-f connecting the parts. and permitting the member 1I to rotate so that. reciprocation of shaft 54,l which. is normallyJ effected through meansfshertly to be described', is precluded.

By placing set, screw 18 toward; one end. of `key 15, the; part' 1; I-` is.l not. held. against rotation.;'whenV the. shear* pin. is;v disrupted by abnormal condi-f tions, as might be the case were the screw-.located directly over.l the center of thev bearing; and; shaft... This latterl arrangement has. been found te havei a tendency to clamp the parts and to prevent. rotationof the member 1I when pin- 8.4. is broken. The `babbittis designedA to stand a compression load ofY approximately 3000. lbs. Said. meme ber 1I is provided with an integral projection'y 85in which there. is formed a vertically disposed socket, 86;, designed to receive the stem 8't of a. follower orshoe.A 88.. Member 1|-, with whichthe follower-'.88- is: associated, may be. termedr there.-V tainer therefor. Y

Follower 8.8 is:designed, tocoactI with a cylinfL drical cam formed uponthe; outer' portion: of. shaft. 54', there. being present right and lefthand spiral: grooves` 89' and, 9;I,. the grooves passing into each other at their ends..

A housing 92 is employed to enclose the-shaft. as. seen in Fig. 4e, the same being secured to element 141. Anyl suitable mea-nsA may be employed-A to impart. motion tothe shaft, and in; the instant casean. electric motorl 93'- secured. to membeiie in any suitable; manner is shown.

Ashaft 9d driven by the motor carries-:a bevel pinion 95 which meshes with the bevelgear .'98, secured to a sha-ft 91;, whichy latterlies parallel to shaft 5.4.. Said. shaft 91 carries a pinion` 98f which in turn meshes: withthe gear SZkeyed tothe.4 elongated sleeve or hollow driving. shaft; GEI-f.. Said shaft is likewise v keyed to. the fhead I2v through a key 548', and uponrotation of: the-shattthrough the gearing above describedygrotary'moetion is imparted to the heads' I2: and I3', .theedruml 35, the. cage of heatingl pipes and, of-necessity, the Scrapers Whichare mounted upon pipes., Thus it. wilt be. seen that. all of the movable ele-- ments within the drying` chamber aref driven, from. the: shaft BI, and inasmuch as'thehubfliS` is. keyed to shaft 54,` as at 55, Fig. 4, rotary mo-I tion is. likewise imparted to said shaft 54'.

Aswi'll be readilyI appreciated, all of the mechas nism for actuating the shaft 54 is without. the drier proper and, consequentlm. is not subjected to. heat.

As vabove indicated the material to be treated' is. introduced into the head end of' the drier-'or adjacent vhead I2, and is discharged at the-'op'- posite end as through an openingl 99,` Figs. 7 and I0. The' material to be treated may beI dilrectly introduced if so desired and' thefrate of passage of the material through ther-drier will be controlled by the rate of feed and likewiseV by thev inclination of the bottom Z toward-'the discharge end; either or both.

In the instant case, a feeding; device, adiufcst-` able asto` rate of feed is shown,. see Fig., l. It4 may be saidv to comprise. a `hopper. Izll'Iv which discharges into trough |02 in which is mounted a feed screw or worm |03 which underlies the hopper and terminates at the upper end of a chute 04, the lower end whereof stands in a tangential relation to the drum on the downgoing side thereof, see Fig. 2.

The feed screw is actuated by a sprocket chain deriving its motion from shaft 91, the chain at the upper portion passing over a sprocket |05,

-associated with adjustable and variable mechanism denoted generally by |06, to vary the rate of rotation of the feed screw or worm and consequently the amount of material introduced into the drier during any given period.

As will be'seen upon reference to Fig. 1, the variable feed mechanism is such that it may be readily removed and a large opening left at the upper or intake end of the chute. 'I'his enables the introduction of material into the drier directly from an attrition mill or other pre-treating mechanism.

It is thought that the operation of the machine will be clearly understood from the foregoing description, but a brief rsum will be J given.

Assuming that material is introduced into the drier by the feed mechanism shown in Fig. 1,

or directly from an attrition mill, it would pass downwardly onto the rotatable drum and even- I tually some of it will pass in through the openingsin the side of the drum, assuming that one of said openings is uppermost at that time; otherwise, the material will pass to the bottom of the pan and be picked up by the blades 4| and casca-ded over the heating pipes as the drum rotates.

During this operation, the scrapers are moved to and fro over the pipes, keeping the surfaces clean and free of any adherent material, which if permitted to rest thereon would cake and char, this lat-ter assuming that the heating is suiliciently high to bring about such charring and possible burning action.

As the Scrapers move to the left in Figs. 3 and 4, some of the material will be carried forward by the scraper 46 and as it nears the end of its stroke, that is when it comes within a short distance of head I2, there will be an accumulation of material ahead of the same. This material 'fl would naturally be compressed by the scraper and prevent the scraper from reaching the end ofits stroke were it not for the presence of the deilectors or disrupting elements I4, or I4 and 43, or I6 and 43, as the case may be, which members serve to defiect the material inwardly and outwardly, as well as laterally, this latter by the members 43. 52e of the spokes 52 coacting with the webs 58,

tend to cut upor further disrupt any compacted material.

In this manner, any compacted material is disrupted and drops away from the scraper, and

passes into the drum or through the opening inv the drum to the pan 2. The material` is not carried by the Scrapers in the sense that all the material in the drier is moved at one time thereby; probably not more than or 10% or-there-f about of the material in the drier tends to compact at the end of the scraper travel.

-,On'some materials which are granular and not sticky, the scraper may possibly be omitted; however, Wherever the material is adherent and may be compressed and sticks together, the de ectors or disrupters are found highly eilicient So, too, the sharpened edges so that thescrapers may be operated without any stoppage or breakdown of the apparatus.

It is evident, of course, that the disrupting element at the discharge end of the machine where the material has become dried to the desired extent may be omitted in some instances, for when the material reaches this point it is no longer sticky or adherent, unless the material is sticky by nature even when moisture-free.

It may be stated that when drying material for use in presses of the type shown in Letters Patent to Anderson, No. 1,773,771, and others of like import, the material is dried below atmospheric moisture. aware are made to dry from high percentages of moisture, say 50% to 15%, down to 8% to 10% produced a certain percentage of flour-like material which readily adheres to all surfaces, es-

Most driers of which we are pecially when the material contains moisture, or is damp. With the present drier, the moisture content may be reduced to below 1% to 2% moisture from products containing from 8% to 10% moisture, the materials being usually introduced in a ground or rolled condition. In drying copra,

for instance, with a view of expressing the oil therefrom, it .is dried to #6% to 1% moisture from 4% to 5% moisture.

The Scrapers are in these instances necessaryA to prevent sticking and crusting or burning of the material on the pipes, and to maintain the drier at as near maximum eiciency as possible.

In operation where steam say at 200 350 sure employed, burning will take place if the mass of material becomes encrusted, producing charcoal in time, which when it falls 01T becomes admixed with the other material passing through the drier and results in a dark colored meal and a dark colored oil.

This charred material has been known to burst into ilame, which is both dangerous and costly to subdue. By drying as low as we can with the present structure, we also prevent the loss of considerable protein or ammonia from the material when subjected to high pressure in a press of the Anderson type.

It may be stated that when drying materials for use in presses of the type shown in Letters Patent to Anderson, No. 1,773,771, and others of like import, the material is dried below atmospheric moisture, and the process of drawing off the moisture or Vapor as fast as it is evaporated, when drying before pressing, improves the protein content of the cake or meal after it is pressed in the type of press mentioned above. By

the usual process of cooking the meal preparatory to pressing in a hyraulic press, the cooking action on the material has a tendency of changing certain of' the proteins into an indigestible state, while the drying process leaves the protein digestible.

The usual chemical analysis for protein does not show this difference in proteins contained in the material. However, actual feeding tests carried out by various State have proven this to be a fact. shown in a bulletin published by Agricultural Experiment Station Ohio, entitled Soybeans and Soybean Oil Meal for Pigs, by W. L. Robison, Bulletin #452. f

F. to F. is used, depending upon the steam pres- It has also been found that thev casein is preserved in meals that are dried before pressing, so

that zthey 'may be rfused in the manufacture Vof :2. A structure;asfsetfforth' in claim 1, wherein casein glues; 'I'he Ausual cookingprocess on the other hand, cooks the casein so thatit is not suitablezto be used for glue. r

. Where the .material is cookedxat'highmoisture content, some protein .or ammo-nia is driven off in the formof vapor. When,rhowever, .the material is dried at `low :temperaturesfas low in moisture as above stated, this zloss'is practically eliminated .when it is'further processed ina: tempering apparatus and `.press of the typeabove specified. The temperaturefof the material passing through the drier .will be regulated and maintained so that 7thecmaterial will not .reachfatemperature above :boilingpoinh andlrin most `caseslthe temperature range willi be approximately '150 F. The material does not stay in the apparatus for any :considerable period of time, fifteen minutes being lallsuflicientin most cases, andvarying of course with the. material undergoing treatment.

As above noted, the member 1 stands -Wellaway from the drum so that the vapor can readily arise from the material and not produce a cooking ac- ,tionin-the idrier. 'I'his high domed section also v :prevents vthe'exhaust fan from drawing out the fmeparticlesof the material, because the movement of the vaporv is not rapidadjacent the drum.

,As willbe readily appreciated from the descripationabovegiven, if for any reason the movement ;of .the scrapers should be impeded and they shouldbecome locked, the shear pin will be disrupted Aand the reciprocating movement of shaft `54 farrested, The shaft, however, will still con- :tinueto rotate sol long as the motor 93 remains in actiom:

The 'actuating mechanism for the shaft 54 emplayed-Ito vreciprocate the same is relatively sim- ;:yple and Las above noted, stands wellaway from the body of the drier so that it is not subjected "to temperature changes.

LIt has beenfound'l that wet material, or materialrhavingf-ajhigh moisture content, passing into .thefeedend of the drier, :will burn upon'the heatr:ing-pipesbetween the lhead I2 and the nearest pofsi-tilonA that. the-scraper -46 may assumewith refere'ncefito lsaid -head,due to'thefactthaty it is -impossible .to-scrape thepipesA at this point. "This deposit'grows-in arelatively short time 'until it Reventuallyobstructs* ithescraper 46 from completing its stroke toward the head I 2,'lwith the re- -sultnthat.: the .fshear'pin-is ruptured. When this .occurslit willV readily be yappreciated that the deposit :which` fhas r/ accumulated upon -the pipes,

- must be scraped oit and. another shear pin in- :f stalled before the ldrier may be again put into operation.

I Byrproviding means whereby the outer endsof ,the pipes -II maybe -maintained y-in a relatively `cool condition, this caking or burning Yof the material-'is avoided. I At theoutleteendof the drier ysuclrcakirigdoes not take place, 'by reason of the fact that the moisture content ofthe `material is -sowlowered beforey it -reaches that end, .that the `material will :not adhere to the pipes or other elements; to any considerable extent.

.Wh-at is claimedis:

`1.1In=a drier,-.the combination of an outer casing; means locatedtherein for heating the ma.-

terial to-be'treated; at least one scraper movable oversaid heat transferring means. to remove. any ,accumulated materialtherefrom.; and means cooperative -with 4-the scraper for -disrupting any -mass l of .material which may be `compacted .againstfsaidmeans to a greater-or less degree by the scraper. f

f veach head.

the casing, and-'the Theat transferring meansy together with .the scrapeniare relatively rotatable.

. 3. In 'a drier, the combination of an outer'cas- Aingr-a drum mounted for rotation thereinfand. 5 k.comprising a shell and two heads connected `thereto at the ends of the shell; means forfheatingsm'aterial to be treated, said means being supiporlted by-andfbet-ween 'saideheads; at leastone scraper mounted for movement over thev heatingzl .means; Vand'meansf--locatedfat at least-one of said heads for disrupting the mass'of'material which may be forced thereagainst by thefscraperin a more or less .compacted state.

A4. In a drier, `the combination of acasing-hav- '.15

v ingfafeedopenin'g at one end and a discharge'at l the other: a drumzmounted for-rotation therein and ccmprisingfopposite heads anda shell conl nectingthe same, saidxshell having openings for the kpassage .of r.material into -and out 'of the 20 same; .v-a. cage -of heating pipes extending through the'drum and-supported by the heads; atleast v one scraperfmounted'upon -said pipes; means for movingthe same along the-pipes; and an. annular wedge-shaped element extending .fintol the'f25 .drum from at least one-of said heads.

.and movable `.over the `pipes towardand from' saidheads;v and aseries -of V-shaped material disrupting yelements on-fthe side of the drum and adjacent thelinnerface-of *at yleastone of the heads.

n Y 4o '7. A structure as -set forth in claim- 6, wherein the Yhead is provided on'fits inner face 'with an annularelement having an inclined-face against which v'the wider .end of each of .the V-shaped Scrapers .abuts V8. VIn aV drier, the combination of -a shell; -a

..drum,-=said partsv being relatively rrotatable; -a

cage .of heating pipes -Vextending .through the drum-andfsupportedfthereby; at least onescraper mounted upon-and movable over the pipes;A and.50 f means vlocated -at oneaend of the drum-andacting in` conjunction with-fthe scraper-fas the same is moved .toward said-means to disrupt any'material compactedthereagainst by the scraper,`r said means acting in different :zones thereon.

9. In-adrien .thercombinationof a casing; a

drummounted-for rotation therein andcomprising-4 anshell--with-oppositely vdisposed heads; a

plurality yof heating-pipes extending Ithrough thefdrum-andsupported by the heads; a hollow;

shaft extending-throughffand connected to one of-said heads; :Webs extending inwardly fromithe inner faceof said head, the 4edges whereof incline outwardly toward .the outer edge fof the .Y head; a shaft .mountedfor"reciprocationwithin saidA hol-I lowshaft; ascraper mounted uponthe pipes for movement thereover, saidscraper vcomprising an annular shaped memberihaving spoke-like members extendingv inwardly therefromand terminatlingin afhubsecured-'to said=second named shaft, 7c

said spokes -inclining inwardly away -from the scraper and having-itheirforward edges beveled;

and-means v for securing the hub upon the inner end of the shaft.V

10. Ina drier, the combination fof. an enclosing4 casing; a drum mounted for rotation therein; a

cage of heating pipes extending through and supported by said drum; a plurality of Scrapers mounted upon and supported by the pipes, said Scrapers being connected to each other by rods extending therethrough and provided with nuts upon the outer ends thereof; spacer sleeves surrounding the rods intermediate the adjacent Scrapers; and means for m'oving said Scrapers over the pipes.

l1. In a drier, the combination of an enclosing casing; a drum mounted for rotation therein; a series of heating pipes extending longitudinally through and attached to the heads of the drum; Scrapers mounted upon said pipes for movement thereover; a hollow shaft extending outwardly through one end of the drier and rigidly connected to the adjacent head of the drum; means for rotating said hollow shaft; a second shaft mounted, for rotation with and reciprocating movement in said hollow shaft, said second shaft being rigidly secured to that scraper adjacent the head to which the hollow shaft is secured; and means for imparting reciprocation to said second shaft, whereby the Scrapers will be caused to traverse back and forth over the pipes as the drum and Scrapers are rotated within the housing.

12. A structure as set forth in claim 11, wherein the reciprocating movement of the shaft which is connected to the scraper is produced by a double cylindrical cam formed upon the outer portion of the shaft which is attached to the scraper.

13. A structure as set forth in claim 12, wherein the scraper adjacent the head end of the drier is carried by an element secured to the inner end of shaft ad rotatable with said shaft.

14. In a drier, the combination of a drum; a casing surrounding the same; a driving shaft secured to one end of the drum; heating means extending through and carried by the drum; scraping means cooperating with Said heating means, Said scraping means being mounted upon and movable over said heating means; a second shaft connected to said scraping means for moving the latter, said shaft extending outwardly of one end of the drier; a double cylindrical cam formed upon the outer portion of said shaft; a follower mounted in a normally fixed element, said follower extending into the cam grooves and effecting reciprocation of the shaft upon rotation of the latter; and a shear pin connecting the member in which the follower is mounted to a fixed portion of the structure.

15. In a drier, the combination of a casing; a drum mounted for rotation therein, said drum being formed from a plurality of curved or arcuate sections each section having one edge inturned or flanged, a series of spaced arms extending from the opposite edge of each of said members and secured to said anges and a plurality of scraper elements formed upon that edge from which the arms extend, said scraper elements extending outwardly from the body of the drum in an inclined direction; and a head secured to each end of the drum.

16. A structure as set forth in claim 15, wherein a plurality of arms extend outwardly from each end of the drum-like member and are secured directly to the head elements..

17. A structure as set forth in claim 15, wherein the drum is provided at each end with a plurality of outwardly extending arms secured to the adjacent heads and each of said arms upon its inner face is provided with a V-shaped or wedge-like element extending inwardly toward the axis of the drum, the wedge increasing in height toward the outer end of the arm.

18. In a drier, the combination of a fixed casing; a drum mounted for rotation therein, said drum comprising a substantially cylindrical body and heads at the opposite ends thereof which are secured thereto; a series of heating pipes extending through the drum and secured at their opposite ends to the heads; means for introducing heating medium into said pipes; a plurality of Scrapers mounted upon and reciprocable over said pipes; means for securing said Scrapers in spaced relation; means for rotating the drum; and means for imparting a reciprocatory motion to the Scrapers.

19. In a drier, the combination of a casing; a drum mounted for rotation therein; a series of pipes connected at their outer ends to the opposite heads of said drum; means connected to one of said heads for rotating the latter, and thereby rotating the drum and pipes; means for introducing fluid heating medium into said pipes; and means for imparting recprocatory movement to the Scrapers back and forth over the pipes.

20. In a drier, the combination of a casing; a drum mounted for rotation therein, said drum comprising a shell and oppositely disposed heads at the ends thereof, that head at the intake end at least having an element extending inwardly into the body of the shell; a plurality of pipes secured to the opposite heads, said pipes at the infeed end of the drier being open at their ends and stopped off inwardly of the inwardly extending element formed upon the head; and a scraper for the pipes, said scraper acting with the inwardly extending element to Idisrupt any compacted material.

21. In a drier, the combination of a casing;

`a heating drum for the material to be dried mounted within said casing; heating means located therein; a reciprocating scraper movable over the heating means to prevent accumulation of material thereon; and means located within, associated with and projecting into the drum at least at one end thereof, said means coacting with the scraper to disrupt any compacted material moved toward Said last named means by the scraper.

22. A drier as Set forth in claim 21, wherein disrupting means is provided at each end of the drum and cooperates with the scraping means.

23. In a drier, the combination of a drum; means for heating the same; a casing for the drier, the upper portion whereof at least at one end of the heating means is elevated to an appreciable extent above the heating means; and an olf-take leading from said elevated portion, whereby vapors resulting from the drying action readily arise and cooking action within the drier is thereby precluded.

24. In a drier, the combination of an enclosing casing; a drum mounted for rotation therein; a cage of heating pipes extending through and supported by the heads of said drum; a plurality of Scrapers mounted upon and loosely supported by said pipes, said Scrapers being connected to each other by rods extending therethrough with spacer sleeves surrounding the rods intermediate the adjacent Scrapers, the sleeves being shorter in the aggregate than the length of the rods and the thickness of the Scrapers; nuts secured to the ends of the rods; and means for moving said Scrapers over the pipes. 475

25. A structure as set forth in claim 24, wherein the openings in the scrapers through which the pipes pass are of a diameter larger than the diameter of the pipes.

26. In a drier, the combination of an enclosing casing; a drum mounted for rotation therein; a cage of heating pipes extending through and supported by said drum; a plurality of scrapers loosely mounted upon and supported by the pipes; means for securing said Scrapers with reference to each other, said means being such as to admit of slight relative movement between the Scrapers; and means for moving the scrapers back and forth over the pipes.

27. In a drier, the combination of a drum comprising heads and a connecting body, one of said heads being provided with inlet and outlet passages for a heating medium; and a plurality of pipes connected to said pass-ages, said pipes being supported by the heads and the pipes at that head opposite that which is provided with the inlet and outlet openings being closed oi short of the inner face of said last named head thereby preventing the passage of the heating medium to the outer portion of the pipes, whereby said outer portion is maintained in a relatively cool condition.

28. A structure as set forth in claim 2'7, wherein the pipes at that end remote from the head having intake and exhaust openings for the heating medium have blocks or Stoppers secured therein at a point inward of the inner face of the head at such end, whereby the flow of heating medium through such end is prevented.

29. A structure as set forth in claim 27, wherein Scrapers are mounted for movement over the pipes, and that head at which the pipes are closed 01T is provided with material disrupting means.

30. A structure as set forth in claim 1, Wherein the disrupting means which cooperates with the scraper is V-shaped in cross section.

31. A structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein the disrupting means Which cooperates with the scraper is annular in outline and has the form of an inverted V in cross section.

32. In a drier,- the combination of an outer casing; means located therein for heating the material to be treated; at least one scraper movable over said heat transferring means to remove any accumulated material therefrom; and means located at at least one end of the drier cooperating with the Scrapers for disrupting any material which may be compacted against said means, this to a greater or less degree by the scraper, said means being rotatable with the heat transferring means.

33. In a drier, the combination of an outer casing; means located therein for heating the material to be treated; at least one scraper movable over said heat transferring means to remove any accumulated material therefrom; and means located at at least one end of the drier cooperating with the Scrapers for disrupting any material which may be compacted against said means,

this to a greater or less degree by the scraper,

said means being rotatable with the heat transferring means and being V-shaped in cross section.

ORLIN S. ANDERSON.

RAYMOND TUTTLE ANDERSON.

CERTLFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent, ,2,042,979 June a, w56,

@RLIN S- ANDEBSQN, ET AL,

It s hereby Certified that error appearsy in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 6, first column, line 55, Claim l5, fel the reference' numeral "l2" read ll; and line 58, same claim, for "ad" read and; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with corrections therein that the Same may Conform t; the record o1" the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and Sealed this 21st day of July, A. D, l936,

Henry Van Asdale (Seal) Acting Commiseionel^ of Patents.

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